组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂对胶质瘤细胞增殖及MKK7表达的影响

目的 探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACI）对胶质瘤细胞增殖及MKK7表达的影响。方法 体外培养神经胶质瘤细胞株U251,用脂质体转染MKK7-siRNA1、MKK7-siRNA2和对照siRNA,48 h后Western blot检测MKK7表达及JNK/c-Jun活性,BrdU掺入实验检测细胞增殖情况;用0.5 μM组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古菌素A（trichostatin A, TSA）处理细胞8 h,DMSO作对照,Western blot检测MKK7、p-JNK、JNK、p-c-Jun、c-Jun表达或磷酸化水平;用TSA分别处理细胞8、12、24 h,检测各时间点细胞增殖率;用其他组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂包括伏立诺他（suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA）,丙戊酸（valproic acid, VPA）,M344处理细胞检测MKK7表达及细胞增殖。结果 同对照组相比,沉默MKK7表达抑制了JNK/c-Jun活性和细胞增殖（P=0.008）;TSA处理细胞8 h显著抑制MKK7表达及JNK/c-Jun活性,SAHA、M344、VPA均显著抑制MKK7表达。TSA处理细胞8 h没有抑制细胞增殖,处理12 h显著抑制增殖（P=0.006）, 24 h抑制效应更明显（P=0.002）; SAHA（P=0.001）, M344（P=0.008）或VPA（P=0.002）处理细胞12 h均抑制了细胞增殖。结论 组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂可通过抑制MKK7表达抑制神经胶质瘤细胞增殖。     

miR-28-3p通过抑制BIN1表达促进三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞的恶性生物学行为

目的：探讨 miR-28-3p 在三 阴 性 乳 腺 癌（triple negative breast cancer,TNBC）组 织 和 细 胞 系 中 的 表 达 及 其 对MDA-MB-468细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法：收集2013年1月至2014年1月河北医科大学第四医院乳腺中心手术切除的、经病理证实的 83 例女性 TNBC 患者的癌组织和癌旁组织标本,以及 TNBC 细胞系 MDA-MB-468、HCC-1937、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-436、MDA-MB-453和人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF10A,用qPCR检测组织和细胞系中miR-28-3p的表达水平并分析其表达与患者临床病理特征的相关性。用miR-28-3p抑制剂转染MDA-MB-468细胞后,用CCK-8、流式细胞术、细胞划痕和Transwell实验分别检测miR-28-3p抑制剂对MDA-MB-468细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移能力的影响,用Western blotting检测MDA-MB-468细胞中桥接整合因子1（bridging integrator-1,BIN1）蛋白的表达水平。通过生物信息学工具预测miR-28-3p的靶基因BIN1,用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-28-3p对BIN1的调控作用。结果：TNBC组织及细胞系中miR-28-3p表达水平显著高于癌旁组织及MCF10A细胞（均P<0.01）;83例TNBC组织中共有56例（67.47%）高表达miR-28-3p,其高表达与患者的Ki-67表达水平、肿瘤大小和TNM分期密切相关（均P<0.05或P<0.01）。与miR-NC组比较,miR-28-3p抑制剂组MDA-MB-468细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力降低,凋亡率升高（均P<0.05或P<0.01）。双荧光素酶报告基因和实验证实BIN1是miR-28-3p的靶基因,miR-28-3p抑制剂可上调MDA-MB-468细胞中BIN1蛋白的表达（P<0.05）。结论：miR-28-3p在TNBC组织及细胞中呈高表达状态,miR-28-3p抑制剂上调BIN1表达进而抑制MDA-MB-468细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并促进其凋亡。     

辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸对结肠癌HCT116和SW480细胞增殖、周期和凋亡的影响

目的:研究辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid,SAHA)对结肠癌细胞系HCT116和SW480增殖、周期和凋亡的影响,并对其分子作用机制进行初步探讨.方法:将不同浓度SAHA分别处理结肠癌HCT116和SW480细胞后,MTT法检测SAHA对HCT116和SW480细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测HCT116和SW480细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,罗丹明(rhodamine) 123和二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)法检测HCT116和SW480细胞线粒体跨膜电位(Aψm)和活性氧(ROS)水平,Real-time PCR和Western blotting法检测乙酰化组蛋白3(Ac-H3)、p21、CyclinD1、Bax和Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果:SAHA作用于HCT116和SW480细胞48 h后,细胞增殖被抑制、细胞周期G1期比率升高、凋亡率升高(均P＜0.05),线粒体跨膜电位显著下降、细胞内ROS产生增多(均P＜0.05).与对照组比较,SAHA处理组p21和Bax mRNA增多、Cyclin D1和Bcl-2 mRNA表达量减少(均P＜0.05),相关蛋白Ac-H3、p21和Bax增多,CyclinD1和Bcl-2减少(均P＜0.05).结论:SAHA抑制结肠癌HCT116和SW480细胞增殖、阻滞细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡,其机可能与调节p21、CyclinD1和Bcl-2家族基因的表达、促进组蛋白乙酰化有关.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-435增殖及促凋亡的作用机制

目的 观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-435增殖、凋亡等的作用及其相关分子机制。方法 不同浓度的SAHA作用于MDA-MB-435细胞后,采用MTT、流式细胞分析、Western blot、荧光定量PCR等方法检测细胞增殖、凋亡、周期阻滞情况及相关蛋白及mRNA表达。 结果 MTT检测结果表明SAHA可呈剂量依赖性抑制细胞增殖,流式细胞分析发现SAHA可导致G2/M期周期阻滞、线粒体膜电位下降、活性氧（ROS）产生并发生早期凋亡。同时,SAHA可下调周期蛋白cyclinB、活化p38-MAPK及JNK,抑制p53的表达且可能不是通过PI3K通路、P38 MAPK通路、ERK1/2通路和NF-κB 、JNK通路起作用。结论 SAHA能抑制MDA-MB-435细胞增殖,诱导其周期阻滞及早期凋亡,活化细胞内相关增殖分子,可作为乳腺癌潜在的候选药物。     

莱菔素通过阻断STAT3 信号通路杀伤三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468和MDA-MA-231

[摘要] 目的：探讨染色体区域维持因子1（CRM1）抑制剂莱菔素（LFS-01）通过抑制信号转导及转录激活因子3（STAT3）信号通路杀伤三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）细胞的作用及其机制。方法：通过分子动力学模拟技术,验证LFS-01 是否可与CRM1 分子结构上的核输出信号（NES）口袋结合。通过CCK-8 法检测LFS-01 对4 种不同的乳腺癌细胞杀伤活力。用不同浓度的LFS-01 处理TNBC细胞MDA-MB-468 和MDA-MB-231,免疫荧光法检测CRM1 货物蛋白STAT3 以及带有NES序列的蛋白在细胞内定位的变化;WB检测LFS-01 对STAT-3 信号通路以及其下游蛋白表达的影响;WB、细胞免疫荧光和透射电镜法检测自噬的发生;通过流式细胞术检测药物对细胞周期和凋亡的影响。结果：分子动力学模拟结果表明,LFS-01 能够与CRM1 的NES口袋结合,显示其在结构上影响后者蛋白转运功能的可能性。LFS-01 能特异性杀伤TNBC 细胞MDA-MB-468 和MDA-MB-231。10 μmol/L LFS-01 处理后TNBC细胞中STAT3 和带有NES标签的蛋白均被阻滞于细胞核中,而在对照组中这些蛋白均匀分布在细胞质中。随着LFS-01 剂量的提高和处理时间的延长,MDA-MB-468 和MDA-MB-231 细胞中磷酸化STAT3 蛋白、Bcl-xL 和Cylin D1 表达均降低,细胞内自噬标志蛋白LC3B表达上升;同时出现高密度、多层的团状自噬小体;细胞周期阻滞于S 期,并且凋亡率显著升高（P<0.05 或P<0.01）。结论：LFS-01 可阻断CRM1 运载蛋白出核、进而抑制STAT3 信号通路的激活,从而促进TNBC 细胞MDA-MB-468 和MDA-MB-231 发生自噬、细胞周期阻滞和凋亡。     

三氧化二砷抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞生长及其机制的研究

背景与目的:探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞的生长抑制作用及其对syk表达的影响.材料与方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度As2O3作用MDA-MB-468细胞不同时间后,对细胞增殖的抑制作用;显微镜观察细胞的形态变化;As2O3作用细胞后用流式细胞术检测细胞周期及Syk蛋白表达变化;RT-PCR检测syk mRNA的表达变化.结果:As2O3可显著抑制MDA-MB-468细胞增殖,且抑制效应呈剂量和时间依赖性(P＜0.05);As2O3,可使细胞周期阻滞在S+G2/M期;候选抑癌基因syk在乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞中表达,经As2O3作用后,MDA-MB-468细胞syk mRNA和Syk蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:As2O3可能通过上调候选抑癌基因syk的表达,抑制MDA-MB-468细胞增殖,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

lncRNA MEG3调控NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD通路影响三阴性乳腺癌对紫杉醇的敏感性

目的:探究长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）母系表达基因3（maternally expressed gene 3,MEG3）调控含NLR家族Pyrin域蛋白3（NLR family,Pyrin domain containing protein 3,NLRP3）/含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶（cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,caspase-1）/消皮素D（gasdermin D,GSDMD）通路对三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）对紫杉醇（paclitaxel,PTX）敏感性的影响。方法:通过逐渐增加PTX剂量间歇作用的方法诱导TNBC耐药细胞MDA-MB-231/R,qRT-PCR检测lncRNA MEG3表达;将MDA-MB-231细胞分为对照组（未转染+PTX）、Vector组（空载体+PTX）、pcDNA3.1-MEG3组（pcDNA3.1-MEG3表达载体+PTX）、pcDNA3.1-MEG3+BAY11-7082组（pcDNA3.1-MEG3表达载体+PTX+5 μmol/L NLRP3抑制剂BAY11-7082）,qRT-PCR检测转染后lncRNA MEG3表达;CCK-8法检测MDA-MB-231细胞增殖情况;通过免疫荧光染色和扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）观察MDA-MB-231细胞焦亡情况;Western blot检测MDA-MB-231细胞中NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD通路蛋白表达;体内成瘤实验检测肿瘤质量。结果:与MDA-MB-231细胞相比,MDA-MB-231/R细胞中lncRNA MEG3表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,pcDNA3.1-MEG3组细胞增殖抑制率、GSDMD-N+细胞数量、细胞焦亡、细胞凋亡率及NLRP3、cleaved-caspase 1/caspase-1、GSDMD-N/GSDMD表达水平显著增加,IC50、肿瘤质量显著降低（P＜0.05）;与pcDNA3.1-MEG3组相比,pcDNA3.1-MEG3+BAY11-7082组细胞增殖抑制率、GSDMD-N+细胞数量、细胞焦亡、细胞凋亡率及NLRP3、cleaved-caspase 1/caspase-1、GSDMD-N/GSDMD表达水平显著降低,IC50、肿瘤质量显著增加（P＜0.05）。结论:上调lncRNA MEG3表达可通过激活NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD通路,促进MDA-MB-231细胞焦亡,以此增加TNBC对PTX的敏感性。     

防己诺林碱对肺癌H1299和A549细胞的作用及其分子机制研究

目的 探究防己诺林碱在肺癌中的作用及其分子机制。方法 MTS法检测经10、15、20、30、40和60 μM/L防己诺林碱处理的肺癌H1299和A549细胞的增殖情况,通过Caspase3、Caspase8和Caspase9活性检测试剂盒和TUNEL试剂盒检测细胞凋亡情况。Western blot检测MAPK信号通路(p-Akt、PI3K、mTOR和Akt蛋白)、增殖和转移(MMP-2、MMP-9、PCNA、Cyclin D1和P21蛋白)、周期和凋亡(Cyclin D2、Bcl2、MCL-1、Bax和p53蛋白)相关蛋白的表达情况,通过Real-time PCR检测PI3k、mTOR、MMP-2、MMP-9、PCNA、Cyclin D1、Cyclin D2、MCL-1、Bax、Bcl2和TP53基因表达情况。结果 防己诺林碱会抑制肺癌H1299和A549细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,增加Caspase3、Caspase8和Caspase9酶活性。经防己诺林碱处理后,PI3K、p-Akt、mTOR、MMP-2、MMP-9、PCNA、Cyclin D1、Cyclin D2和Bcl2蛋白表达降低,P21、MCL-1、Bax和p53蛋白表达升高,并且表现为剂量依赖性,但对Akt蛋白表达无影响;PI3K、mTOR、MMP-2、MMP-9、PCNA、Cyclin D1、Cyclin D2和Bcl2基因表达降低,TP53、MCL-1和Bax基因表达增加。结论 防己诺林碱通过调控MAPK信号通路、增殖和转移、周期和凋亡相关蛋白和基因的表达,从而抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA体外抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的实验研究

  目的   目的: 观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) 体外对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和凋亡的作用, 并探讨其可能机制。   方法  体外应用SAHA作用于人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞, MTT法检测细胞增殖, 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。Western blot法检测细胞内组蛋白H4乙酰化水平, 实时定量PCR方法检测p21、Bcl-2和Bax基因mRNA表达。   结果  经SAHA作用后的人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞生长受到抑制, 细胞凋亡增加(各实验组与对照组比较, 均P < 0.05), 呈剂量依赖性; 同时细胞内组蛋白H4乙酰化水平增加, p21基因和Bax基因mRNA表达增加(各实验组与对照组比较, 均P < 0.05), 呈剂量依赖性, Bcl-2基因表达无明显变化(各实验组与对照组比较, 均P > 0.05)。   结论  SAHA体外可抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和诱导SKOV3细胞凋亡, 提高组蛋白乙酰化水平, 增加p21和Bax基因表达可能是其作用机制之一。      

丙戊酸钠调节组蛋白乙酰化抑制胃癌细胞增殖的实验研究

目的:探讨应用组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂丙戊酸钠(VPA)逆转染色体组蛋白低乙酰化水平对胃癌细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制.方法:应用0 75 ~4 0 mmol/L VPA作用于胃癌细胞系BGC-823细胞后,MTT法检测细胞生长抑制,PI标记流式细胞术检测细胞周期,间接免疫荧光法分析Cyclin A、Cyclin D1、Cyclin E和p21Waf/cip1蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测分析Cyclin A、Cyclin D1、Cyclin E和p21Waf/cip1 mRNA表达.结果:经0 75~4 0 mmol/L VPA作用24、48、72和96 h,各实验组均出现了时间、剂量依赖趋势的生长抑制,生长抑制率为9%~66%,差异有统计学意义,P<0 001;对照组细胞增殖G1期所占比例为57 8%~60 9%;而实验组则随药物浓度、作用时间的不同而出现不同程度的细胞周期G1期阻滞,G1期比例为58 2%~79 4%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0 001.VPA干预BGC-823细胞后, Cyclin A、Cyclin D1蛋白和mRNA表达明显下调而p21Waf/cip1蛋白和mRNA表达明显上调,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义,P<0 001;Cyclin E蛋白和mRNA表达变化未见明显差异,P>0 05.结论:组蛋白特异性脱乙酰酶抑制剂VPA可明显抑制胃癌细胞增殖、阻滞细胞增殖周期于G1期;其阻滞胃癌细胞增殖的作用通过上调p21Waf/cip1 mRNA、蛋白表达,下调Cyclin D1、Cyclin A mRNA和蛋白表达分别和(或)协同实现.     

Enhanced adenovirus transgene expression in malignant cells treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228

The presence of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and alpha(v) integrin on cell surfaces is required for efficient adenovirus infection. Treatment of cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228 (depsipeptide) increased CAR and alpha(v) integrin RNA levels in six cancer cell lines. Sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, other histone deacetylase inhibitors, caused similar increases. Cells treated with FR901228 prior to infection had a 4-10-fold increase in transgene expression from a beta-galactosidase-expressing adenoviral vector. These studies suggest that FR901228 increases the efficiency of adenoviral transgene expression and may be useful in cancer gene therapy.     

Effect of Curcumin in Comparison with Trichostatin A on the Reactivation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha gene Expression,Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepa 1-6 Cell lLine

Background: A multistep process with an accumulation of epigenetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) can induce cancer. Abnormal regional hypermethylation and histone deacetylation of several TSGs has been observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acetylation and deacetylation of histone are carried out by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) respectively. Besides, DNA methylation is carried out by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Previously, we evaluated the effect of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors on HCC and colon cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) in comparison with trichostatin A (TSA) on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) reactivation, apoptotic induction, and cell growth inhibition in HCC. Methods: the cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of CUR and TSA and the MTT assay, flow cytometry assay and Real-Time RT-PCR were achieved to determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, and ERα gene expression respectively. Results: CUR indicated dose and time-dependent antiproliferative effects (P < 0.035). A similar antiproliferative effect was observed by TSA (P < 0.001). Both compounds indicated significant apoptotic effects in all different periods (P < 0.001), CUR indicated a more significant apoptotic effect than TSA (P < 0.001). The ERα gene expression quantity was increased significantly by treatment with CUR and TSA (P <0.012). Conclusion: CUR and TSA play important roles in restoring the ERα resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Therefore, ERα may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of HCC.     

Cross-species genomic and functional analyses identify a combination therapy using a CHK1 inhibitor and a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor to treat triple-negative breast cancer

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is diagnosed in approximately 15% of all human breast cancer (BrCa) patients. Currently, no targeted therapies exist for this subtype of BrCa and prognosis remains poor. Our laboratory has previously identified a proliferation/DNA repair/cell cycle gene signature (Tag signature) that is characteristic of human TNBC. We hypothesize that targeting the dysregulated biological networks in the Tag gene signature will lead to the identification of improved combination therapies for TNBC. METHODS: Cross-species genomic analysis was used to identify human breast cancer cell lines that express the Tag signature. Knock-down of the up-regulated genes in the Tag signature by siRNA identified several genes that are critical for TNBC cell growth. Small molecule inhibitors to two of these genes were analyzed, alone and in combination, for their effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Synergy between the two drugs was analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method. RESULTS: A custom siRNA screen was used to identify targets within the Tag signature that are critical for growth of TNBC cells. Ribonucleotide reductase 1 and 2 (RRM1 and 2) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) were found to be critical targets for TNBC cell survival. Combination therapy, to simultaneously attenuate cell cycle checkpoint control through inhibition of CHK1 while inducing DNA damage with gemcitabine, improved therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in xenograft models of TNBC. CONCLUSIONS: This combination therapy may have translational value for patients with TNBC and improve therapeutic response for this aggressive form of breast cancer.     

Histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 synergizes with gemcitabine in human pancreatic cells

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a group of recently developed compounds that modulate cell growth and survival. We evaluated the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 on growth of pancreatic carcinoma models following single agent treatment and in combination with gemcitabine. MGCD0103 inhibited tumor cell growth and acted synergistically with gemcitabine to enhance its cytotoxic effects. Gene expression analysis identified the cell cycle pathway as one of the most highly modulated gene groups. Our data suggest that MGCD0103 + gemcitabine might be an effective treatment for gemcitabine‐refractory pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1201–1207)