直立倾斜试验阳性反应出现后的心律失常特征

目的 探讨直立倾斜试验(HUTT)阳性反应出现后患者心律失常发生的特征.方法 分析2001年3月至2009年8月在基础直立倾斜试验(BHUT)或舌下含化硝酸甘油倾斜试验(SNHUT)阳性反应出现后发生心律失常的169例患者资料,男性57例,女性112例,年龄6～65(23.1±14.8)岁,儿童(<18岁)86例,成人(≥18岁)83例.结果 心律失常发生在BHUT和SNHUT阳性反应后的患者分别为75例(44.38%)、94例(55.62%).常见类型为窦性心动过缓(143例,84.62%)、交界性逸搏心律(55例,32.54%)、窦性停搏(26例,15.38%),其中窦性心动过缓在成人更多见(P<0.01),窦性停搏和交界性逸搏心律的发生无年龄、性别和试验方式差别;心律失常与晕厥或接近晕厥的临床表现几乎同时出现者为77例(45.56%)、滞后出现者92例(54.44%),并且前者多发生在BHUT中,后者多发生在SNHUT中(P<0.05);心律失常与血压下降几乎同时出现者为84例(53.50%),滞后出现者73例(46.50%),且前者多发生在BHUT中,后者多发生在SNHUT中(P<0.01).结论 (1)HUTT阳性反应发生后常见心律失常为窦性心动过缓、交界性逸搏心律和窦性停搏,窦性停搏的发生无年龄、性别和试验方式的差别,试验操作中需提高警惕;(2)BHUT中,心律失常多与晕厥或接近晕厥的表现、血压的下降同时发生;SNHUT中,心律失常多发生于晕厥或接近晕厥的表现和血压下降之后,可能与硝酸甘油药理作用有关.     

直立倾斜试验过程中的心律失常特点及安全性评价

目的探讨直立倾斜试验（HuTT）过程中的心律失常特点及安全性。方法对165例不明原因晕厥或接近晕厥患者首先进行基础直立倾斜试验（BHUT）,阴性患者再随机进行多阶段异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验（MIHUT）或舌下含化硝酸甘油倾斜试验（SNHUT）,分析HuTT过程中心律失常发生情况。结果快速性心律失常发生率50．91％（84／165）,92．68％窦性心动过速患者出现最快心率5min内发生阳性反应。缓慢性心律失常发生率30．91％（51／165）,最常见缓慢性心律失常依次为窦性心动过缓、交界性逸搏心律和窦性停搏,其中窦性停搏10例,停搏时间MIHUT组明显高于BHUT组和SNHUT组（P均〈O．01）。结论HUTT过程中心律失常发生率较高,心率突然明显增快时应警惕阳性反应发生。试验过程中存在长时间窦性停搏等多种安全风险,SNHUT在安全性等方面优于MIHUT。     

关于"呃逆、呕吐时频繁晕厥"的诊断思考

本病例主要的发病特点为:急性起病,反复呃逆、呕吐4d后出现晕厥。呃逆、呕吐伴晕厥为本病的突出表现。患者发生晕厥前有呃逆、呕吐,咳嗽后心率减慢,依次为窦性心动过缓、窦性停搏、交界性逸搏心率,安装临时起搏器后晕厥未再发生,但呃逆、呕吐仍有发生。呃逆、呕吐,咳嗽后见心率     

直立倾斜试验诊断晕厥的探讨

目的研究直立倾斜试验(HUTT)对血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的诊断价值。方法入选2016年12月至2018年12月在本院就诊,不明原因晕厥,疑似VVS的患者124例,进行HUTT,包括基础倾斜试验(BHUT)和舌下含服硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验(SNHUT)。结果 124例受试者中,阴性反应57例,阳性反应66例,1例为体位性心动过速。阳性组的女性比例较高(p0.05);阳性组最快心率高于阴性组(p0.05),阳性组结束时的心率、收缩压、舒张压均低于最大值(p0.05),也明显低于阴性组(p0.05)。阳性反应中,BHUT就出现阳性反应的5例,占8%;SNHUT阳性61例,占92%;按反应类型:血管抑制性28例(42%),心脏抑制性9例(14%),混合型29例(44%)。3例受试者出现长RR间歇,最长达10.7s,2例受试者舌下含服硝酸甘油后出现腹痛不适。结论 HUTT对VVS具有较好的诊断价值,SNHUT能显著提高VVS的检出率。     

缓慢心律失常伴尖端扭转性室性心动过速患者起搏治疗三例

3例患者,均为女性,年龄分别为65,48,47岁。均因晕厥就诊,心电图:窦性心动过缓1例,交界性逸搏2例。长程心电图或心电监测均发现在缓慢性心率的基础上诱发尖端扭转型室性心动过速(TdP)。心率慢时QT间期延长。给予起搏器治疗,频率≥80次/分。此后,未再发生Tdp。     

血管迷走性晕厥体位试验阳性反应儿童心律失常分析

目的探讨血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）儿童体位试验阳性者心律失常类型。方法分析63例体位试验阳性反应VVS儿童的心电图特征。结果 63例VVS体位试验阳性患儿中25例患儿发生心律失常,心律失常发生率为39.68%。心律失常类型为窦性心动过缓18例,交接性逸搏心律7例,二度房室阻滞5例,右束支阻滞2例,窦性停搏1例。结论 VVS患儿体位试验时常见缓慢性心律失常,其对体位试验阳性预测价值有待进一步研究。     

新生儿窦性心动过缓和窦性停搏引发交界性节律的心电特征

目的分析新生儿窦性心动过缓和窦性停搏引发交界性节律的心电特征。方法 6例新生儿,通过心电散点图逆向技术对时间RR间期(t-RR)散点图中振幅较高的散点逆向出片段心电图,诊断为交界性逸搏或/和交界性自主节律,分析散点图整体特征及心电动态变化规律。结果 6例患儿,年龄(11±2)天,心率(135±8)次/分,出现交界性心搏时的窦性心律性质为窦性心动过缓者2例,窦房传导阻滞者4例,窦性停搏者4例。24ht-RR散点图均为梳齿状,1ht-RR散点图呈λ形,Lorenz-RR散点图在45度线远端或者两侧呈稀疏散点分布。交界性心搏的RR间期变化。结论新生儿窦性心动过缓和窦性停搏引发交界性逸搏时t-RR散点图呈梳齿状或λ形,可反映心脏兴奋点的生理和病理节律变化特征。     

QTc间期缩短及临床意义的探讨

目的探讨QTc间期缩短的临床意义。方法分析7例QTc间期缩短患者的临床资料。结果除外甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)及正常健康体检者的两次心电图均仅有QTc间期缩短,无恶性心律失常事件发生外,其余病例入院时心电图QTc间期正常,病情危重时急查心电图均示QTc间期缩短,伴窦性心动过缓、过缓交界逸搏心律1例,窦性停搏、室性逸搏心律1例,显著性窦性心动过缓1例,心房静止、窦室传导1例,窦性停搏,过缓室逸搏心律1例。且最终均出现过缓室性逸搏心律至全心停搏,经抢救无效死亡。结论 QTc间期缩短在不同临床背景下,可能有不同的表现和预后,在某些临床疾病情况下QTc间期缩短,往往是患者病情恶化征兆,预示心脏电活动衰竭,应引起临床高度重视。     

家族性病态窦房结综合征2例

例1 患者男性,29岁.患者有头晕、心跳减慢(40—50次/min)10年.5年前于洗澡时突然发生晕厥,数min后自行缓解,未经诊治.入院3天前因畏寒发热伴咳嗽、头晕加重来院门诊.ECG示显著窦性心动过缓伴不齐,反复窦性静止(心室停搏最长达4.0s),交界性逸搏,诊断为病态窦房结综合征.入院体检:心界不大,心率40次/min,心律不齐,心尖区2/6级收缩期杂音,BP正常.DCG示窦性心动过缓,夜间最慢心率28次/min、反复窦性静止、心室停搏最长达10.04s、交界性逸搏心律.心脏三位X线片、二维超声心动图均正常.经阿托品、异丙     

异丙肾上腺素诱发缓慢性心律失常一例

异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验时,阳性反应发生在体位倾斜之后。１例患者在平卧位静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳ）期间即发生与自然发作相似的表现,伴有窦性心动过缓、交界性逸搏心律及心室停搏。此种现象较为少见,报告如下,并对其发生机制进行讨论。患者女性,４０岁,因不明原...     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。