Binge-eating disorder is associated with an unfavorable body mass composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The interaction between eating disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unexplored, especially with regards to binge-eating disorder (BED). Our team conducted a service evaluation project in order to assess risk factors for the presence of BED among patients with NAFLD and the impact of BED on body mass composition. The overall prevalence of patients screening positive to BED Screener-7 (BEDS-7) was 28.4%, while a previous diagnosis of depression and marital status (as single or separated) were independently associated with positive BED. Furthermore, patients with positive BEDS-7 had higher BMI, with greater visceral component and overall lower muscle mass. There was no difference in terms of liver disease severity as assessed by noninvasive markers of fibrosis. However, as body mass composition and sarcopenia have been shown to be associated to disease progression in patients with NAFLD, further studies are required to ascertain the long-term impact of BED in these patients. Moreover, further work is warranted to identify to implement multidisciplinary approach within clinical psychology for the management of patients with BED, who may be particularly challenging in terms of achieving lifestyle modifications. As a hepatology community, we should address NAFLD with a more holistic approach.     

Body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in a wide cohort of patients affected with mild to severe obesity

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Body composition assessment in adults with cystic fibrosis: comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with skinfolds and bioelectrical impedance analysis

OBJECTIVE: We compared body composition measurement in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) by using non-invasive methods (skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS: Seventy-six adults with CF (mean age 29.9 +/- 7.9 y, mean body mass index 21.5 +/- 2.5 kg/m(2)) were studied. Body composition was measured to calculate fat-free mass (FFM) using DXA, the sum of four skinfold thicknesses, and BIA (predictive equations of Lukaski and of Segal). RESULTS: Mean FFM values +/- standard deviation measured using DXA were 54.8 +/- 7.3 kg in men and 41.2 +/- 3.9 kg in women. Mean FFM values measured using BIA/Lukaski were 51.5 +/- 7.8 kg in men and 40.4 +/- 4.9 kg in women (P < 0.0005 for men, not significant for women for comparison with DXA). Mean FFM values measured using BIA/Segal were 54.2 +/- 7.5 kg for men and 44.1 +/- 5.9 kg for women (not significant for men, P < 0.0005 for women for comparison with DXA). Mean FFM values measured using skinfolds were significantly higher than those for FFM with DXA (57.2 +/- 7.2 kg in men, 43.3 +/- 4.3 kg in women, P < 0.0005 for comparison with DXA). The 95% limits of agreement with FFM using DXA were, for men and women, respectively, -8.3 to 1.7 kg and -6.4 to 4.8 kg for BIA/Lukaski, -4.8 to 3.6 kg and -3.1 to 8.9 kg for BIA/Segal, and -2.8 to 7.3 kg and -1.5 to 5.7 kg for skinfolds. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that skinfold thickness measurements and BIA will incorrectly estimate FFM in many adults with CF compared with DXA measurements of FFM. These methods have limited application in the assessment of body composition in individual adult patients with CF.     

维生素D治疗肥胖合并非酒精性脂肪肝儿童的临床研究

目的 分析肥胖合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)儿童血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平以及补充维生素D(VD)对NAFLD的疗效,为VD用于儿童NAFLD治疗提供临床依据。方法 1)2020年1月—2021年8月,纳入102名6～14周岁的肥胖儿童,依据肝脏超声分为肥胖合并NAFLD组和肥胖无NAFLD组;并纳入健康体检儿童作为对照组。比较3组儿童血清25(OH)D、血脂、转氨酶及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等指标的差异。2)将58名肥胖合并NAFLD患儿随机分为：VD干预组和VD非干预组。两组儿童均予以饮食运动指导,VD干预组在此基础上补充骨化三醇800 U/d,共16周。检测并比较两组儿童干预前后各项指标的变化。结果 1)肥胖合并NAFLD组血清25(OH)D水平[(20.94±6.88) ng/ml]显著低于肥胖无NAFLD组[(24.31±7.69) ng/ml,P<0.05]及健康对照组[(29.19±5.44) ng/ml,P<0.01]。且血清25(OH)D水平与BMI及HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.37、-0.71,P<0.01)。2)肥胖...     

生物信息学分析miRNA-152在非酒精性脂肪肝病中的可能作用

【目的】 总结miR-152已有研究结果,并预测其可能参与的生物学过程,为本研究小组深入研究miR-152在非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)形成和相关的调控机制奠定基础。 【方法】 PubMed检索miR-152相关文献,生物信息学预测miR-152的靶基因,并对其进行功能富集分析和信号通路富集分析。 【结果】 miR-152已在多个类型肿瘤、先兆子痫等疾病中有报道,但尚无参与脂肪肝的研究,分析结果显示miR-152靶基因功能集中于器官发育、细胞分化、代谢等多种分子功能和生物学过程;信号通路主要富集于多种肿瘤和细胞骨架蛋白、脂肪细胞因子、胰岛素信号及wnt信号通路中。 【结论】 miR-152在非酒精性脂肪肝病中尚未见报道,其预测的靶基因集合富集于多个生物学过程,为研究miR-152在非酒精性脂肪肝病中的作用提供了研究思路。     

高脂饮食构建胰岛素抵抗脂肪肝大鼠模型

目的通过高脂饮食构建非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）大鼠模型;分析胰岛素抵抗（IR）在NAFLD形成过程中的作用。方法将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常饮食组（NG）及高脂饮食组（FG）各24只。第2、4、6、8周末时,2组各随机抽取6只,称体重,测空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶,并计算空腹胰岛素抵抗指数;然后计算肝指数（肝湿重（g）／体重（g）×100％）;制备肝组织匀浆测丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶以及光镜检查肝组织切片以评价肝脏脂肪变性程度。结果FG组大鼠的体重增长比NG组快;肝指数在第2、4、6、8周末均大于NG;第2周末时已出现肝细胞脂肪变,其程度随喂养时间的延长逐渐加重,第4周末开始出现IR、高TG、TC血症、肝脏转氨酶异常及肝脏脂质过氧化损害,第6周末时形成轻度脂肪肝,第8周末时发展为中度脂肪肝。结论SD大鼠用改良型高脂饲料持续喂养6周可形成伴有IR的NAFLD,IR在NAFLD的发生发展中有重要作用。     

唐山市7～14岁肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝流行现状及危险因素初步分析

目的 初步了解唐山市肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)流行特点及危险因素,为早期干预提供理论依据.方法 以2018-2019年唐山市学龄儿童体检筛查出的肥胖儿童为研究对象,依年龄分组描述NAFLD患病率,比较NAFLD组与非NAFLD组代谢综合征(MetS)、体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰围身高比(WHtR)、...     

Accuracy of octa‐polar bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in children and adolescents with HIV: comparison with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography

Background

Body composition analysis has been used to investigate fat mass (FM ) and bone mineral content (BMC ) in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV . Investigating the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA ) is interesting with respect to testing useful techniques for monitoring body composition in children and adolescents in clinical practice. The present study aimed to determine the validity of body composition analysis by BIA compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA ) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP ) in children and adolescents an HIV diagnosis.

Methods

Sixty‐four children and adolescents (35 females and 29 males) with a mean (SD ) age of 12.22 (2.13) years and with an HIV diagnosis participated in the study. Fat‐free mass (FFM ), FM and body fat percentage (%BF ) were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA and ADP . Segmented FM (trunk, legs and arms), lean soft tissue mass (LSTM ) (total and segmented) and BMC were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA .

Results

BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA and ADP for FFM . Values found by BIA were underestimated compared to ADP , and overestimated compared to DXA . BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA for LSTM estimates (total and segmented parameters) in both sexes (underestimating FM and overestimating LSTM ). For other components (%BF , FM and BMC ), BIA had a clinically unacceptable correlation with the reference methods in both sexes.

Conclusions

BIA was suitable for evaluating FFM and LSTM in children and adolescents with an HIV diagnosis. For FM , %BF and BMC , BIA was not suitable for performing an evaluation in both sexes.

     

Acetyl-l-carnitine and lipoic acid improve mitochondrial abnormalities and serum levels of liver enzymes in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Mitochondrial abnormalities are suggested to be associated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Liver mitochondrial content and function have been shown to improve in oral feeding of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) to rodents. Carnitine is involved in the transport of acyl-coenzyme A across the mitochondrial membrane to be used in mitochondrial β-oxidation. We hypothesized that oral administration ALC with the antioxidant lipoic acid (ALC + LA) would benefit nonalcoholic fatty liver. To test our hypothesis, we fed Balb/C mice a standard diet (SF) or SF with ALC + LA or high-fat diet (HF) or HF with ALC + LA for 6 months. Acetyl-l-carnitine and LA were dissolved at 0.2:0.1% (wt/vol) in drinking water, and mice were allowed free access to food and water. Along with physical parameters, insulin resistance (blood glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance), liver function (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST]), liver histology (hematoxylin and eosin), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), and mitochondrial abnormalities (carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 and electron microscopy) were done. Compared with SF, HF had higher body, liver, liver-to-body weight ratio, white adipose tissue, ALT, AST, liver fat, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Coadministration of ALC + LA to HF animals significantly improved the mitochondrial marker carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 and the size of the mitochondria in liver. Alanine transaminase and AST levels were decreased. In a nonalcoholic fatty liver mice model, ALC + LA combination improved liver mitochondrial content, size, serum ALT, and AST without significant changes in oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and liver fat accumulation.