模拟480m氦氧饱和潜水实验舱微生物污染监测及评价研究

目的 监测模拟480 m氦氧饱和潜水实验舱密闭环境微生物污染水平,为合理有效评估舱室环境中微生物对作业人员健康的危害程度,制定科学的干预措施提供依据.方法 用自然沉降法监测环境微生物浓度,用选择性培养基筛查污染指示菌生长特点,用VITKE2微生物自动鉴定系统检测微生物种类,以国家普通室内微牛物污染评价标准评价舱内微生物污染程度.通过生长曲线和运动能力测定环境对优势致病菌铜绿假单胞菌毒力相关生物学特性的影响.结果 实验过程中饱和舱微生物监测浓度超国家评价标准3.9 ～8.4倍,微生物种类以人源性条件致病菌为主,优势菌铜绿假单胞菌生长和运动能力明显增强.结论 模拟480 m氦氧饱和潜水实验舱微生物污染程度较重,氦氧饱和环境对铜绿假单胞菌致病力有明显诱导作用,致病微生物是该环境中潜在的健康损害因素.     

某潜艇舱室空气微生物污染状况调查分析

空气中存在大量的有害微生物,通常附着在一定粒径的颗粒物上以气溶胶的形式存在,并通过呼吸道造成机体感染.常见经空气传播的传染病,如流行性感冒、结核等的暴发流行,都与空气中有害微生物污染有密切关系.近年来的统计资料显示,船舶航行中呼吸道、消化道以及其他传染性疾病的发生呈快速增长趋势,其中以空气传播引发的疾病发生率最高.相较于普通船只,潜艇环境更特殊,污染微生物所致空气传播疾病发生率更高.为了调查研究我国潜艇舱室空气微生物本底污染的情况,我们抽样调查了某潜艇空气微生物污染现状,获得了相关的微生物本底数据,可为预防和控制潜艇空气有害微生物污染提供依据.     

亚丁湾海域护航舰艇舱室细菌气溶胶浓度及粒径分布变化CSCD

目的：跟踪监测亚丁湾海域舰艇舱室空气微生物气溶胶浓度及粒径分布变化,为控制舰艇空气污染提供科学数据。方法采用安德森CA6型及CA2型撞击式空气采样仪,对舱室细菌气溶胶进行定量富集和粒径大小的分析。结果（1）调查区域细菌气溶胶浓度为102～103 CFU／m3。（2）51％～62％的舱室细菌气溶胶颗粒粒径大小为0．65～4．70μm。结论（1）所调查环境均处于相对较低的空气微生物污染水平,将粒径和某些条件致病菌一并作为评价因素,仍存在健康安全隐患。（2）应逐步建立各种舰船空气微生物环境的可接受污染阈值和评价体系,建立有效的净化消毒措施,以保证作业人员的健康。     

潜艇舱室空气组分分析及卫生学评价(论著)

目的：研究潜艇舱室空气中有害气体的组成及主要成分的浓度，为研究潜艇空气控制系统和修订“潜艇舱室空气组分容许浓度”提供依据。方法：在潜艇取样，用气相色谱－质谱仪（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）作为定性分析的主要手段。用ＧＣ及多种专用分析方法在现场作定量分析。结果：定性鉴别出潜艇舱室空气中３７６种组分，包括脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、含氧有机物、无机成分等几类；定量测定了舱室中７１种组分的浓度；以定量测定结果为主要依据，结合各组分的毒性大小、来源广泛性等因素，提出了舱室中应重点监控的组分及其顺序。结论：潜艇舱室空气污染组成很复杂，某些组分（ＣＯ２、ＣＯ、ＨＣｌ、Ｈ２ＳＯ４、Ｏ３等）的浓度有时超过容许标准，需加强监测和控制     

海奥免冲洗沐浴产品对密闭环境空气组分的影响分析

我军对潜艇舱室空气组分容许浓度有着严格的要求和限制,例如舱室气体中甲醛浓度要求≤0.1mg/m3,甲醇浓度要求≤5.0mg/m3等[1-2].海奥免冲洗沐浴系列产品包括海奥免冲洗沐浴液、免冲洗洗发液、免冲洗沐浴湿巾和免冲洗洗发帽4种,主要用于潜艇等水供应困难、环境密闭且恶劣、挥发性有机物多的相对密闭环境[3-4],所以需要对产品挥发物种类和含量进行较为严格的限定.笔者根据国家相关标准(GJB 11A-98)规定建立了针对免冲洗洗发和沐浴系列产品挥发物测试和评价体系,并据此对所试制的产品常见挥发物含量进行了测定和分析.     

舱室空气微生物浓度检测数据统计学分布数学分析模型研究

目的:研究舱室空气微生物浓度检测数据分布的有效统计学分析模型,为获取舱室空气微生物污染容许浓度理论限值提供手段。方法:应用数学统计学原理,采用线性变换 y＝ x、负指数变换 y＝1/ x、根指数变换 y＝sqrt( x)、对数变换 y＝...     

潜艇内放射性气溶胶浓度及粒度分布的测定与评价

目的为估算艇员内照射剂量和评价吸入危害防护提供参数。方法用DK-2A空气采样器在艇内各舱室采样,通过α、β放射性计数测量并计算艇内放射性气溶胶的浓度,使用WM—2型级联撞击器测定了艇内Ⅲ舱和Ⅴ舱的放射性气溶胶粒度分布。结果潜艇水下航行时,艇内的放射性气溶胶逐渐升高;气溶胶粒度的活度中值空气动力学直径(AMAD)的平均值是(0.22±0.02)μm;几何标准偏差的平均值是(2.57±0.25)。结论潜艇水下航行的时间是影响艇员内照射剂量的重要因素;气溶胶粒度的谱型是由小粒子占优势的分布较窄的多分散相;气溶胶的粒度分布与其浓度的变化无关。     

舰艇舱室大气成分的分析及卫生学评价

目的 对同一艘舰艇连续码头封舱及航行时舱室大气成分进行卫生学评价.方法 采用多种采样和分析技术对舰艇码头封舱及航行时舱室17个部位进行定性定量分析.结果 在码头封舱和航行时,共定性检出舱事大气成分227种,定量检出42种,其中臭氧、氨和丙烯醛最高浓度超过了国家军用标准.结论 通过对现代舰艇舱室大气成分的定性定量分析,为舰艇舱室大气制定卫生学标准提供了科学依据.     

某型潜艇舱室微生物气溶胶污染状况与艇员卫生健康的相关性分析

目的评价某型潜艇长航后舱室微生物气溶胶污染状况对艇员身体健康造成的影响。方法 (1)富集长航前后舱室空气样本, 分析其气载微生物构成变化。(2)采用随机抽样法对长航后31名艇员进行9种病原菌IgM抗体和曲霉菌IgG抗体检测;对30名艇员长航前后血清IgG、IgA、IgM及白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-8、炎症蛋白-10(IP-10)进行配对检测。结果 (1)潜艇长航前可培养微生物分类为21个属56个种, 长航后为37个属80个种;长航后丝状真菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌占比明显增加;长航前后均未检测到呼吸道病毒、支原体、衣原体、嗜肺军团菌核酸。(2)长航后艇员血清IgG和IgA水平较长航前显著升高(P<0.01);血清IL-2和IL-8水平降低, IL-4和IP-10水平升高, 各组分变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05);长航后肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率为21.62%, 乙型流感病毒IgM抗体阳性率为5.41%, 副流感病毒IgM抗体阳性率为2.70%, 曲霉菌IgG抗体阳性率为16.67%。结论某型潜艇长航后舱室气载微生物种群的生物多样性增加, 以真菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌增加为...     

制定坑道空气真菌浓度参考标准的建议

我们在对坑道及人防工事环境质量调查中,发现空气真菌污染较普遍,对进驻人员健康构成一定威胁[1]。目前,我国尚无关于空气真菌浓度的卫生标准,给坑道及人防工事等特殊环境空气质量评定带来一定困难。近年来,我们在某地区对不同场所,尤其是人群较密集的公共场所进行了空气细菌总数和真菌浓度检测和统计分析,并提出了制定坑道空气真菌浓度参考标准的建议。现报告如下。1不同环境空气微生物调查1.1调查对象火车站候车室和售票厅,各选5～10个监测点;2个营业中的大型商场,一二层各选5～10个监测点;小学教学楼一二层各选2间教室,每间选5个监测点;…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）