食管癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的 对食管癌与其危险因素的关联性进行Meta分析。方法 应用Meta分析方法对国内有关食管癌危险因素的22个研究结果进行定量综合分析，用随机效应模型计算合并比值比(OR)及其95％可信区间(95％CI)。结果 吸烟、饮酒、快食、烫食、嗜淹菜、食管癌家族史、不良心理因素、嗜咸食的合并OR分别为2．08(95％CI：1．66-2．61)，1．51(1．25-1．81)，2．38(1．70-3．34)，2．11(1．67-2.66)，2．11(1．68-2．66)，3．09(2．37-4．03)，2．90(1．84-4．58)，1．30(0．96-1．77)。结论 吸烟、饮酒、快食、烫食、嗜淹菜、食管癌家族史、不良心理因素为食管癌的危险因素，嗜咸食与食管癌的关系尚不能确定。     

乳腺癌危险因素的Meta分析

乳腺癌是严重危害我国妇女生命健康的恶性肿瘤之一 ,近年来调查显示发病率呈上升趋势。有关乳腺癌的发病危险因素各地报道有不一致的情况 ,对乳癌的进一步预防带来很多不便。为此 ,本文在文献检索的基础上 ,采用Ｍｅｔａ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ方法对国内近 10年来有关乳腺癌病例对照研究资料进行综合 ,旨在评价各危险因素与乳腺癌联系的强度 ,为有针对性预防提供可靠依据。资料与方法1 资料来源　通过微机检索中国生物医学数据库光盘 ,主题词包括乳腺肿瘤、乳腺癌、流行病调查、病因学、病例对照研究、危险因素等 ,检索年限定为 1990～ 2 0 0 0…     

骨质疏松症危险因素的Meta分析

目的　综合评价骨质疏松症发生的主要危险因素。方法　利用Meta分析对 1993～ 2 0 0 3年发表的骨质疏松发病危险因素研究文献进行综合分析 ,通过计算合并似然比 (OR)进行评价。结果　统计分析文献 12篇 ,合计样本量 2 75 6例 ,其中病例数 12 2 8例 ,对照数 15 2 8例。各因素合并后的OR值分别为 :年龄≥ 6 0为 3 5 6 ,体育锻炼不足为 2 83,钙摄入不足为 2 33,BMI <2 0为 2 0 6 ,吸烟为 1 98,饮酒为 1 70。结论　改变不良生活习惯 ,加强体育锻炼 ,增加钙等营养摄入可减缓骨质疏松发生和发展。     

食管癌遗传危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]综合评价遗传因素在中国人食管癌发病中的作用。[方法]采用Meta分析的随机效应模型对国内1986-2000年10篇有关食管癌遗传因素的病倒对照研究文献进行定量综合分析；运用加权平均的方式对国内4篇文献的遗传度进行合并。[结果]一、二级亲属的合并比值比（OR值）分别为3.72、1.45；一、二级亲属的遗传度的加权均值分别为33.36(标准误为0.84)和18.60(标准误为0.23)。[结论]遗传是中国人食管癌的重要危险因素，加权计算遗传度可以综合评价遗传因素的作用。     

宫颈癌危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]运用Meta分析方法综合分析评价宫颈癌致病危险因素。[方法]本文收集国内有关宫颈癌危险因素的病例对照研究文献20篇,采用可信区间方差分析法计算各相关因素的ORc及95%CI。[结果]口服避孕药的ORc的95%CI包括1,其他相关因素的ORc的95%CI不包括1。[结论]文化程度、家庭收入、首次性生活年龄、首次怀孕年龄、首次生育年龄、首次结婚年龄、绝经情况和职业是宫颈癌的保护因素,HPV感染、多孕、多产、多婚、性伴数、重大精神创伤、慢性宫颈炎、包皮过长、恶性肿瘤史和吸烟是宫颈癌的危险因素。口服避孕药与宫颈癌关系尚不明确,需进一步研究。吸烟、慢性宫颈炎、多婚、首次生育年龄等因素结果存在较大偏性,与宫颈癌的关系尚需进一步证实。     

食管癌发病危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]定量综合评价各种危险因素在食管癌发病中的作用. [方法]应用Meta分析方法对国内有关食管癌发病危险因素的16个研究结果进行定量综合分析,用固定效应模型和随机效应模型计算合并OR值及95%CI.[结果]进食快OR值为2.65(1.998 7～3.523 0),吸烟OR值为1.52(1.231 4～1.882 3),饮酒OR值为2.30(1.595 3～3.324 0),饮茶OR值为0.42(0.320 6～0.537 4),热烫饮食OR值为2.10(1.673 8～2.629 6),干硬食物OR值为1.90(1.144 1～3.170 0),酸菜OR值为1.61(1.288 1～2.402 9),新鲜蔬菜OR值为0.75(0.600 0～0.931 7).豆制品OR值为0.58(0.466 2～0.733 0),咸菜(腌菜)OR值为2.28(1.678 2～3.092 9),水果OR值为0.74(0.658 8～0.824 7),辛辣食物OR值为1.28(1.090 6～1.513 7),精神创伤史OR值为2.85(1.802 1～4.507 5),家族史OR值为2.17(1.664 5～2.8300).[结论]进食快、吸烟、饮酒、热烫饮食、干硬食物、酸菜、咸菜(腌菜)、辛辣食物、精神创伤史、家族史为食管癌的危险因素;饮茶、吃新鲜蔬菜、豆制品、水果则为食管癌的保护因素.     

我国肺结核病危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]综合评价肺结核病与其危险因素的关联性。[方法]应用Meta分析的固定效应模型和随机效应模型,对国内近10年有关肺结核病危险因素的病例对照研究进行定量综合分析。[结果]单因素分析合并比值比(OR)及其95%CI分别为:肺结核接触史2.68(2.25,3.21)、卡介苗接种史0.48(0.39,0.58)、卡痕0.47(0.37,0.59)、肺结核家族史2.58(1.66,4.01)、吸烟1.56(1.36,1.79)、婚姻0.34(0.18,0.67)、暴露于大量粉尘2.20(1.68,2.89)、接触有害化学气雾3.13(1.86,5.28);多因素分析合并OR及其95%CI分别为:肺结核接触史3.15(2.58,3.84)、卡介苗接种史0.45(0.30,0.66)、卡痕0.48(0.36,0.63)、吸烟1.63(1.29,2.06)、婚姻0.35(0.23,0.54)、暴露于大量粉尘2.66(2.02,3.50)、接触有害化学气雾4.24(3.36,5.36)。全部指标差异均有统计学意义。[结论]肺结核接触史、肺结核家族史、吸烟、暴露于大量粉尘和接触有害化学气雾是肺结核病的危险因素,有卡介苗接种史、有卡痕和已婚为其保护因素。     

重症手足口病危险因素的Meta分析

目的探讨重症手足口病的主要危险因素,为其早期识别和救治提供科学依据。方法采用Stata10软件,对我国2000年-2013年国内公开报道的重症手足口病危险因素的病例-对照研究资料进行Meta分析。结果纳入到本研究的文献共12篇,累计调查2330人,其中病例组785人,对照组1545人。主要危险因素包括年龄小于3岁、精神差、颈抵抗、神经反射异常、有手足抖动抽搐症状、感染病毒为EV71、发热大于39℃、外周血WBC>12×10^9/L和有呕吐症状,合并后的OR值和95%CI分别为3.07（2.23-4.23）、65.88（30.46-142.48）、55.02（19.70-153.67）、34.78（11.91-101.51）、20.33（12.23-33.80）、8.75（6.19-12.36）、4.40（3.26-5.93）和3.21（1.27-8.11）、3.19（1.39-7.34）。颈抵抗、有手足抖动抽搐症状、有呕吐症状和外周血WBC>12×10^9/L等4个危险因素存在发表偏倚,其余5个危险因素无发表偏倚。经敏感性分析,有手足抖动抽搐症状、有呕吐症状和外周血WBC>12×10^9/L等3个危险因素的合并OR值结果不稳定,其余各危险因素合并OR值结果基本稳定。结论患儿精神差、神经反射异常、感染病毒为EV71、发热大于39℃和年龄小于3岁等是重症手足口病的可靠危险因素,临床医师在诊疗过程中应加强对重症手足口病危险因素的综合识别,及早采取干预措施,以降低重症病例发病率和死亡率。     

中国女性乳腺癌危险因素Meta分析

乳腺癌是女性常见和多发的恶性肿瘤之一,虽然中国为乳腺癌的低发地区,但是近年来乳腺癌的发病率呈逐渐增加且向年轻化发展的趋势^[1]。有研究表明,在中国,乳腺癌的发病率将会大幅增长,预计到2021年中国55～69岁女性的乳腺癌发病率将超过100/10万,35～49岁女性乳腺癌患者总人数将达到250万^[2]。     

女性乳腺癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的运用Meta分析方法综合分析评价国内外女性乳腺癌的危险因素。方法收集1997-2007年国内外有关乳腺癌危险因素的研究文献,采用Meta分析的随机效应模型,计算有关危险因素的比值比（odds ratio,OR）及95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）。结果共筛选出相关文献31篇,其中,国内15篇,国外16篇。良性乳腺病史（AORs=1.95,95% CI：1.59～2.38）、乳腺癌家族史（AORs=1.58,95% CI：1.35～1.85）、绝经年龄〉50岁（ORs=1.39,95% CI：1.22～1.57）和口服避孕药（AORs=2.12,95% CI：1.24～3.62）为乳腺癌的危险因素;足月妊娠数≥1胎（AORs=0.63,95% CI：0.60～0.68）和母乳喂养（ORs=0.76,95% CI：0.64～0.90）为乳腺癌的保护因素。结论控制人群乳腺癌的发生,应从降低良性乳腺疾病、提倡母乳喂养和注意高危人群筛检等方面采取有效措施。     

中国儿童少年伤害危险因素的Meta分析

目的探讨中国儿童少年伤害发生的主要危险因素,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法利用Meta分析方法分析国内l5篇关于儿童少年伤害危险因素的研究文献。根据齐性检验结果选择模型计算各危险因素合并比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%CI)。结果伤害发生危险因素的OR值及95%CI分别为:男性0.65(0.55,0.75)、外向型性格2.14(1.42,3.22)、非独生子女1.75(1.42,3.22)、高危行为2.28(1.19,4.39)、家庭收入高0.70(0.62,0.80)、父亲文化程度低1.80(1.24,2.63)、不安全环境2.25(1.07,4.73)、安全教育0.33(0.17,0.65)。结论男性、外向型性格、非独生子女、有高危行为、家庭收入低、父亲文化程度低、有不安全环境、未进行安全教育是中国儿童少年伤害的危险因素。     

Dietary Factors Affecting Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Some dietary factors are proposed to affect thyroid carcinogenesis, but previous studies have reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis, including 18 eligible studies, to clarify the role of dietary factors in the risk of thyroid cancer. The relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated to assess the association and heterogeneity tests and subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and bias assessments were performed. When the results from all studies were combined, dietary iodine, fish, and cruciferous vegetable intake were not associated with thyroid cancer. However, when the data were divided by geographic location based on iodine availability, a slight increase in the risk of thyroid cancer was observed among those consuming a high total amount of fish in iodine nondeficient areas (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03?1.35; P for heterogeneity = 0.282). When excluding the studies examining a single food item and hospital-based controls, a high intake of cruciferous vegetables was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in iodine-deficient areas (RR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18?1.74; P for heterogeneity = 0.426). This meta-analysis implies that the role of dietary factors, such as fish and cruciferous vegetables, in thyroid cancer risk can differ based on iodine availability.     

Dairy Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Studies investigating the association of dairy consumption with gastric cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to review and summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the relation of total dairy and milk consumption with risk of gastric cancer. We summarized the available literature on this topic using meta-analysis of relative risks (RR) associated with total dairy and milk intake. The total of 17 case-control and 6 cohort studies (3256 cases) were eligible for inclusion. When comparing the highest with the lowest category of total dairy intake, the results of cohort studies indicated that increased consumption of total dairy food was associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer (RR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64–0.91), whereas case-control studies provided no association. In subgroup analysis, significantly inverse associations between total diary food consumption and gastric cancer risk were observed in Europe subgroup (RR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54–0.99), U.S. subgroup (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63–0.98) but not in Asia subgroup. However, milk consumption was not associated with gastric cancer risk no matter in main or subgroup analysis. The results of cohort studies, but not case-control studies, suggested that total dairy might be related to the reduction of gastric cancer risk. Milk consumption was not associated with gastric cancer risk.     

Differences in the Levels of Gastric Cancer Risk Factors Between Nanjing and Minqing Counties,China

Objectives:

In Fujian Province, China, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among all malignant tumors. Nanjing county and Minqing county are located in inland Fujian and have similar general demographics. However, the adjusted mortality rate of gastric cancer in Minqing was found to be much higher than that in Nanjing. We sought to explore factors associated with this increased risk of gastric cancer between the two counties.

Methods:

We recruited 231 and 224 residents from Nanjing and Minqing, respectively, and analyzed differences between their dietary habits, Helicobacter pylori infection rates, and concentrations of serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and ratio of pepsinogen I:II.

Results:

Subjects in Minqing had more first-degree relatives who had been diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal tumor, more unhealthy dietary habits, a higher Helicobacter pylori positive rate, and greater proportion of abnormal serum gastrin-17 than those in Nanjing did.

Conclusions:

The factors that differed between these two counties might indicate that residents in Minqing have a higher risk for developing gastric cancer than those in Nanjing do.     

胃癌的环境危险因素及其归因危险度分析

目的 分析胃癌的环境危险因素并进行归因危险度评价.方法 采用1:1配对病例对照研究方法,对南京地区121例原发性胃癌病例进行环境危险因素调查,综合评价环境危险因素在胃癌发生中的归因危险度.结果 多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示胃癌的发病与下列4种因素有关:吸烟、食用腌制食品、三餐不定时、消化系统疾病家族史;四因素的调整人群归因危险度ARc%依次为29.9%、24.3%、21.0%、9.46%,综合人群归因危险度sAR为54.7%.结论 在胃癌防治中,可将改变不良饮食习惯、戒除不良嗜好等作为重要的Ⅰ级预防对策.     

海安县胃癌危险因素研究

「目的」探讨海安县胃癌的危险因素。「方法」对１７７例胃癌新发病例进行１：１的病例对照研究。「结果」精神创伤史、慢性胃病史、１５年前低收入、生气时吃饭、１５年前饮用河塘水与胃癌的发生呈正相关;常吃新鲜蔬菜、常吃豆制品、１５年前每日饭量大能减少胃癌的发生。「结论」海安县胃癌的发生与生活条件、饮食习惯、精神因素有关。     

胃癌亚类危险因子的流行病学研究——多组Logistic回归分析

根据胃癌发生阶段模式的认识，我们设计实施了一析的病例对照研究，分析方法采用多组Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分析法，研究对象９为四组病例和一组对照，他们分别是胃癌组、重度异型增生组、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生组和溃汤病组以及对照组。对照组是病理证实胃粘膜正常或仅有轻度性慢浅表性胃患者。研究结果显示：胃癌的危险因素是长期居住在高发区，经济收低下，动物蛋白摄入量少，地瓜、墨鱼摄入量大，暴饮暴食和精神创伤。重度异增生的危     

Dietary Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

To better understand the relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk, we summarized the published evidence on relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer incidence. Searching several databases for relevant studies published by March 2014 included a total of 19 studies. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) for each risk factor. Based on the highest level of total consumption vs. the lowest level, the summary OR [95% (confidence interval) CI] of thyroid cancer was 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) for fish; 0.95 (0.74, 1.23) for salt water fish; 0.86 (0.63, 1.16) for fresh water fish; 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) for vegetables; 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) for shellfish; 0.93 (0.66, 1.29) for cruciferous vegetables; 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) for fruits; 0.96 (0.70, 1.34) for meat; and 1.11 (0.86, 1.42) for grains. Subgroup analysis showed that fish (OR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.92) and shellfish (OR 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.75) consumption have a protective effect in iodine deficiency areas, whereas the ORs were not statistically significant in iodine-rich areas. Our findings indicated that fish and shellfish consumption may decrease the risk of thyroid cancer in iodine deficiency areas, although no such effect was observed in iodine-rich areas.     

农民胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

本文以配对病例对照的方法研究了安徽省庐江县农民胃癌高发有关因素。对173对配对进行单因素和条件Logistic回归多因素分析。单因素分析结果表明:饮食行为、高盐、油炸、烫、干、硬食物,不洁水源、精神心理、家族癌肿史等因素是胃癌发病危险因素。条件Logistic回归多因素分析结果显示:家族癌肿史、好生闷气、性格急躁、暴饮暴食、进食快是最终被选入因子,提示了农民胃癌发生与家族遗传、饮食行为、个性心理等因素有密切关系。     

Coffee Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Large Updated Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

The potential role of coffee consumption in the development of various types of cancer has been extensively investigated in epidemiologic studies. How coffee consumption may modulate risk of gastric cancer, however, remains a subject open for investigation. To better quantify this relation, we quantitatively summarized evidence from prospective studies. Eligible studies were identified on PubMed databases. The summary risk estimates were obtained using the random-effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity and dose-response analyses were conducted. The present meta-analysis included 12 prospective cohort studies. A pooled analysis of these studies suggested that coffee consumption (highest vs. lowest consumption) was not associated with risk of gastric cancer (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.93–1.36). In the subgroup analysis, significant increased risk was detected in the U.S. studies (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06–1.74) and in the studies with <10 years of follow-up (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.00–1.54), and the greatest increase in risk was observed in those studies without adjustment for smoking (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.13–1.93). There was some evidence of publication bias (P for Egger’s test = 0.03). Cumulative evidence from prospective studies suggests that coffee consumption is not associated with risk of gastric cancer. The observed positive results may be confounded by smoking and need further investigation.