2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与冠心病相关性的研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素抵抗和发生冠心病(CHD)的相关性。方法:将已确诊为T2DM的96例患者,根据其是否并发CHD分为两组,其中单纯T2DM组51例,T2DM并发CHD组45例。了解并检测两组患者性别、年龄、体重、病程、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血糖(FBG、P2BG)、胰岛素(FINS、PINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、胆固醇(TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、血尿酸(UA)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和24h微量白蛋白排泄率(UAE)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、C-反应蛋白(S-CRP),行统计学处理。结果:(1)两组在HbA1C、FBG、TG、TC、HDL-C、FINS、UMA,PINS、FIB、S-CRPSBP、DBP、UA、方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)两组在病程、BMI、P2BG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR、P2BG/FBG有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:T2DM患者的胰岛素抵抗指数BMI、P2BG、波动性高血糖等与冠心病发生成明显相关性。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白与新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 探索氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)与新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 选择39例新诊断2型糖尿病患者(DM组)和30例年龄、性别与DM组相匹配的健康者(NC组).用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测两组血清oxLDL水平;葡萄糖氧化酶法检测空腹血糖(FBG);酶法测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);用化学发光法检测空腹胰岛素(FINS).用稳态模型法评估两组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 DM组HOMA-IR和oxLDL较NC组显著升高[(4.8±2.7)与(1.6±0.4),P＜0.01;(24.8±13.9)μg/dl与(11.0±8.2)μg/dl,P＜0.01].以HOMA-IR为因变量,进行多元线型回归Stepwise法分析,所得回归方程为HOMA-IR=1.735+1.127 LDL-C+0.44 FBG+0.047 oxLDL(P＜0.05).结论 oxLDL是2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的重要危险因子,可能促进了2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的发生和发展.     

肥胖儿童胰岛素释放试验结果分析

目的:分析肥胖儿童胰岛素释放实验的结果及临床意义。方法:选取我院51例单纯性肥胖患儿及同期体检者45例,均采用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪DXI800进行检测,检测两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血糖曲线下面积(AUCG)、胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCI)以及AUCG/AUCI、FBG/FINS比值,并分析两组胰岛素释放试验结果差异。结果:肥胖组FBG、HOMA-IS与正常组比较无统计学意义(P0.05),而肥胖组FINS、HOMA-IR为(14.39±5.82)mIU/L、(0.91±0.42)显著高于正常组(7.25±2.62)mIU/L、(0.21±0.18),对比差异显著(P0.05),肥胖组HOMA-IAI、AUCG/AUCI、FBG/FINS分别为(-4.15±0.77)、(0.17±0.05)、(0.41±0.17)与正常组(-3.41±0.40)、(0.56±0.27)、(0.89±0.34)比较显著较低(P0.05);肥胖组空腹胰岛素、1h、2h、3h胰岛素均显著高于正常组(P0.05),两组3h时胰岛素水平逐渐恢复,与空腹水平比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素释放试验是检测肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗等指标的有效方式,肥胖儿童常见胰岛素抵抗,需引起临床重视,从而及时采取干预措施以降低肥胖儿童发生糖尿病的风险。     

血清细胞因子与老年冠心病关系的研究

目的 探讨老年冠心病(CHD)患者不同状态下超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)的变化.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测稳定性心绞痛(SA)患者32例,不稳定性心绞痛(UA)患者28例,急性心肌梗死患者(AMI)18例及健康对照(HC)50例的超敏C-反应蛋白、白介素-6的水平.结果 各组hs-CRP分别为6.29±1.79 mg/L(SA组),8.66±2.03 mg/L(UA组),8.49±2.49 mg/L(AMI组),2.09±0.59 mg/L(HC组);IL-6分别为0.907(0.811～1.214)ng/L(SA组),1.043(0.933～2.642)ng/L(UA组),2.062(0.963～2.462)ng/L(AMI组),0.264(≤0.221～0.364)ng/L(HC组).病例组CRP、IL-6均高于对照组(P＜0.05);组间两两比较,CRP、IL-6:UA组＞SA组(P ＜0.05),AMI组＞SA组(P＜0.05),而UA组与AMI组差异无显著性;CRP 与IL-6呈正相关(r=0.817,P＜0.001).结论 冠心病患者存在细胞因子的改变,且病情越重,细胞因子水平越高,可能与其血管内皮炎性反应有关.     

老年2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝与IMT的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝的发生与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法对98例老年2型糖尿病患者,根据有无合并非酒精性脂肪肝分为合并脂肪肝组和非脂肪肝组,记录患者身高、体重、腰围、臀围,测定空腹血糖(FBG)、血总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、APOA、APOB、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、IMT,计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果老年2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝组BMI、WHR、FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、TG、IMT较非脂肪肝组升高(P0.05),而FBG、TC、HDL-C、APOA、APOB两组差别无显著性(P0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝组更易出现血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗及动脉粥样硬化。     

不同类型急性脑梗死患者危险因素和胰岛素抵抗的临床研究

目的 探讨经典的脑梗死危险因素和胰岛素抵抗(IR)在不同类型急性脑梗死(ACI)中的作用.方法 ACI患者110例.对照组45例.根据TOAST分型法将ACI患者分为大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(LAA)和小动脉闭塞,腔隙性脑梗死(SAO)两组.测定两组患者血压、体质指数(BMI)、腹围、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂、血尿酸(UA)等指标.采用稳态评估法(HOMA)得出的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)作为判断IR的指标.结果 SAO组与对照组比较,收缩压明显升高[(138.1±20.9)mm Hg vs (129.7±15.4)mm Hg,P＜0.05];LAA组与对照组比较,BMI[(26.1±3.4)kg/m2 vs (24±4.1)kg/m2,P＜0.05]、腹围[(95.0 10.4)cm vs (90.1±10.5)cm,P＜0.05]、收缩压[(141.1±19.7)mm Hg vs (129.7±15.4)mm Hg,P＜0.01]、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)[(3.23±0.90)mmol/L vs (2.87±0.71)mmol/L,P＜0.05]及UA[(335±110)mmol/L vs (295±90)mmol/L,P＜0.05]明显升高,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)明显降低[(1.08±0.29)mmol/L vs (1.26±0.33)mmol/L,P＜0.01];与SAO组及对照组比较,LAA组中FBG[(5.82±2.98)mmol/L vs (4.76±0.84)mmol/L,(4.75±0.79)mmol/L,P＜0.01]及HOMA-IR[(0.38±0.27) vs (0.28±0.23).(0.24±0.27),P＜0.05]明显升高.LAA组简单相关分析显示HOMA-IR与收缩压、舒张压、BMI、腹围、UA、TG呈正相关.与HDL呈负相关.多元回归分析显示.UA与HOMA-IR独立相关.结论 高血压可能是引起SAO病变的主要原因,而高血压、血脂异常、高UA、超重或肥胖与LAA的发病有关.且LAA存在IR.并通过影响多种危险因素而参与LAA的发生.     

胰岛素泵强化治疗对胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者C反应蛋白的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素泵强化治疗对胃癌合并糖尿病患者术后C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法 将86例胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者随机分为常规组(A组)46例和胰岛素强化治疗组(B组)40例,于术前和术后第3、7天测量空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、CRP.结果 A组术后第3、7天FBG、FINS、lnHOMA-IR、CRP水平均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组术后第3、7天FBG、FINS、lnHOMA-IR、CRP水平均低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CRP与年龄、体质指数、FINS均呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 胰岛素强化治疗能减轻术后炎症反应,可能与改善胰岛素抵抗有关.     

高敏C-反应蛋白与冠心病发病及预后关系的探讨

目的 探讨血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量与冠心病(CHD)发病的关系及心脏事件发生的预测价值.方法 选择CHD患者178例[稳定型心绞痛(SA)组60例、不稳定心绞痛(UA)组56例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组62例]及健康对照者80例,采用免疫散射比浊法进行hs-CRP含量检测.结果 SA组、UA组、AMI组血清hs-CRP含量分别为(5.12±1.44)、(22.82±9.16)、(46.34±28.26)mg/L,均显著高于对照组(1.24±0.76)mg/L( P ＜0.01);经治疗2个月后,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者(UA组及AMI组)hs-CRP水平较治疗前明显降低( P ＜0.01),而SA组治疗前后hs-CRP水平对比差异无统计学意义( P ＞0.05);随访ACS患者2个月,发生心脏事件者hs-CRP水平明显高于无心脏事件发生者( P ＜0.05).结论 炎症在CHD,尤其是ACS的发展过程中起重要作用;hs-CRP可作为CHD严重程度的有效评价指标;hs-CRP对ACS患者可以作为判断预后的依据.     

老年高尿酸血症与糖尿病前期及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨老年高尿酸血症(HUA)与糖尿病前期(PDM)及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法 选择74例HUA合并PDM的老年患者(HUA组)和56例血尿酸水平正常的老年PDM患者(CG组).根据血糖水平再将两组患者分别分为空腹血糖受损(IFG)组和糖耐量异常(IGT)组.比较HUA组和CG组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖耐量试验2 h血糖(2 hPG),计算并比较胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素敏感指数(ISI).结果 HUA组血尿酸、FPG水平及HOMA-IR、ISI与CG组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HUA-IFG组血尿酸、FINS水平及HOMA-IR与CG-IFG组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HUA-IGT组血尿酸及2 hPG水平与CG-IGT组比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血尿酸水平与FPG、FINS及HOMA-IR呈正相关(P＜0.05),与ISI呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 HUA与胰岛素抵抗关系密切;HUA患者易合并IGT和(或)IFG.     

冠心病与胰岛素抵抗及脂质代谢的临床研究

目的:探讨胰岛素抵抗(IR)及脂质代谢与冠心病(Coronary heart d isease,CHD)发生发展的相关性及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者68例,其中包括不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者24例,稳定型心绞痛(SA)32例,心肌梗塞(AM I)12例;正常对照组35例的空腹血脂(血清甘油三酯TG、血总胆固醇TC、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C、载脂蛋白ApoA1及ApoB)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积(R IAUC)及葡萄糖曲线下面积(GAUC)的变化并进行比较。结果:冠心病组的TC、LDL-C及ApoB水平较正常对照组明显升高,而HDL-C及ApoA1/ApoB则显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时冠心病组FINS/FBG、R IAUC、GAUC以及R IAUC/GAUC较对照组均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01~0.05)。结论:冠心病存在胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症及脂质代谢的异常,它们都是冠心病发生的危险因素,胰岛素抵抗与冠心病临床症状的严重程度相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.