损害控制应用于老年髋部骨折围手术期护理的研究进展

从社会老龄化与髋部骨折的现状、损害控制理念的形成发展、护理干预措施如多模式的镇痛、心肺功能锻炼等方面总结将损害控制应用于风险较高的髋部骨折老年患者围手术期护理的研究进展,探索其发展趋向,为提高髋部骨折老年患者围手术期护理质量提供参考。     

加速康复外科理念在高龄髋部骨折围术期的应用效果

目的探讨加速康复外科（ERAS）理念在高龄髋部骨折患者围术期应用的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2016年10月，上海中医药大学附属普陀医院接受手术的高龄（年龄≥75岁）髋部骨折患者149例，男62例，女87例，年龄（82±5）岁。分别采用加速康复外科组及传统处理模式组进行围手术期处理。分析两组患者术后住院时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分、术后并发症发生情况、髋关节Harris评分并进行对比。 结果149例患者均成功获得随访，随访时间（16.0±2.3）个月。男62例，女87例，平均年龄（82±5）岁。加速康复外科组患者术后住院时间为（7.2±1.2）d，少于传统处理模式组术后住院时间[（12.1±1.9）d，t=2.513，P<0.05]。术后24 h及48 h，加速康复外科组VAS评分与传统处理模式组比较，差异无统计学意义（t=1.761，t=1.598；均P>0.05）。术后12 h及72 h，加速康复外科组VAS评分为（2.5±1.3）分、（1.2±0.8）分，低于传统处理模式组[（3.9±1.6）分、（2.7±1.5）分，t=2.379，t=2.165；均P<0.05]。加速康复外科组术后精神异常以及恶心呕吐发生率（6.4%及9.0%）低于传统处理模式组（23.9%及29.6%，χ²=9.079，χ²=10.339；均P<0.05）。肺部感染、下肢深静脉血栓、脑血管意外、尿路感染、褥疮发生率差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.665，χ²=1.232，χ²=0.444，χ²=2.170及χ²=1.091；均P>0.05）。术后1 w，加速康复外科组Harris评分为（63.2±4.8）分，高于传统处理模式组[（49.2±3.9）分，t=2.221，P<0.05]，术后3、6及12个月，两组Harris评分差异无统计学意义（t=1.187，t=1.098，t=0.813，均P>0.05）。 结论高龄髋部骨折患者围手术期应用加速康复外科理念安全有效，可以减少术后精神异常以及恶心呕吐发生率，加速患者术后早期髋关节功能恢复，缩短术后住院时间，值得临床推广应用。     

快速康复外科在高龄髋部骨折患者围手术期的应用

[目的]探讨快速康复在高龄髋部骨折患者围手术期的应用及其效果。[方法]选取75例80岁以上髋部骨折病人,对围手术期的处理方式进行优化,评价术后功能恢复情况。[结果]患者手术均顺利完成,安全度过围手术期,患者平均住院时间12 d。术后随访18～30个月,平均24个月,术后Harris评分:优(90～100分)41例(54.7%);良(80～89分)25例(33.3%);可(70～79分)6例(6.0%);差(低于70分)3例(4.0%)。优良率88.0%。[结论]在围手术期使用快速康复理念,可有效的减轻老年人应激水平,改善生理功能,早期进行功能锻炼,使患者获得快速康复。     

氨甲环酸减少初次非骨水泥全髋置换围术期失血有效性及安全性研究

背景：全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节终末期疾病的有效手段,但其常伴随显著的失血且需要输血,人工合成抗纤溶药氨甲环酸在全髋关节置换术围手术期血液管理中正扮演着越来越重要的角色。目的：探讨术前静脉单剂量使用氨甲环酸减少初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术围术期失血的有效性及安全性。方法方法：回顾分析2012年9月至2013年3月行初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术前未使用氨甲环酸患者291例（对照组）和2013年4月至9月术前静脉单剂量使用15 mg/kg氨甲环酸患者220例（氨甲环酸组）的临床资料。比较两组术前及术后第1、3天血红蛋白,血细胞比容,住院时间,失血量,输血及血栓事件发生率。结果：氨甲环酸组围术期平均总失血量和输血率显著低于对照组[（973.30±355.65）ml vs（1275.20±453.75）ml,5.45%vs 20.62%,P〈0.001]。氨甲环酸组和对照组术后肌间静脉血栓发生率分别为5.00%和5.15%（P=0.937）。氨甲环酸组中1例（0.45%）发生深静脉血栓,对照组2例（0.69%）,两组比较差异无统计学意义。无1例出现肺栓塞。术后第1天、第3天氨甲环酸组的血红蛋白及血细胞比容均显著高于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论：术前静脉滴注15 mg/kg氨甲环酸可安全、有效地减少初次单侧非骨水泥全髋关节置换术围术期的失血及输血。     

老年患者髋部骨折术后1年病死率及危险因素分析:一项回顾性队列研究

目的 调查老年髋部骨折患者术后1年病死率,并分析其危险因素. 方法 研究为回顾性队列研究,收集2011年～2014年因髋部骨折行手术治疗的老年(年龄≥65岁)患者信息,随访术后1年存活情况,采用Logistic回归分析筛选术后死亡的危险因素. 结果 共295名老年髋部骨折患者纳入本研究,平均年龄(78.4±6.7)岁,女性占71.5％,术前有3种以上合并症的占38％,平均随访(31.2±0.7)个月.住院期间、术后30 d、术后1年以及随访结束时病死率分别为0.7％、1.7％、3.7％和5.8％. 结论 高龄、术前合并呼吸系统疾病、既往有脑卒中病史及采用内固定手术是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年死亡的危险因素.     

老年髋部骨折患者术后2年内再发对侧髋部骨折的危险因素研究

目的:探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后2年内再发对侧髋部骨折的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年4月期间北京积水潭医院创伤骨科采用手术治疗的1 962例老年髋部骨折患者资料。男573例,女1 389例;首次骨折时的年龄中位数为81（75,86）岁。根据术后2年内是否发生对侧髋部骨折分为两组：对侧髋部骨折组...     

A retrospective study showing the extent of compliance with perioperative guidelines in patients with coronary stents with regard to double antiplatelet therapy

Study objectiveTo evaluate perioperative dual antiplatelet therapy management in patients with previously placed coronary stents.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsA total of 1891 surgical cases performed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2012 were evaluated using a perioperative database. Of these, 161 had complete data records that were evaluated using 2 evidence-based and expert opinion–supported protocols.InterventionsN/A.MeasurementsThis study is meant to evaluate perioperative antiplatelet management decisions in patients with coronary stents.Main resultsManagement decisions were consistent with guidelines regarding antiplatelet therapy in 13% (21/161) of patients. Of the 87% (140/161) of cases where decisions were not consistent, 88% (123/140) were due to discontinuing aspirin preoperatively when there was not a high risk of surgical bleeding.ConclusionsThis study revealed suboptimal adherence to current perioperative antiplatelet management guidelines in patients with coronary stents. The lack of adherence to current guidelines is concerning and could be used to support the notion of an anesthesiologist-led Perioperative Surgical Home.     

Variability of platelet aggregation in patients with clopidogrel treatment and hip fracture: A retrospective case-control study on 112 patients

AIM: To identify the rate of non-responders to clopidogrel treatment in hip fracture patients and study how non-responders differ from controls.METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study we included 28 cases of acute proximal femoral fracture with clopidogrel treatment 2011 to 2013. Eighty-four controls from the same time period were included. Data collected included response to clopidogrel measured with multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA), intraoperative bleeding, erythrocyte transfusion, time to surgery and the incidence of adverse events up to 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: Eight (29%) of the 28 cases were non-responders. The median intraoperative bleeding was 300 mL (range, 0-1500), and was lower for non-responders (50 mL) but did not reach statistical significance. Erythrocyte transfusions did not differ between responders, non-responders and controls. Forty-five (40%) of 112 patients had adverse events postoperatively but the rate did not differ between patients with and without clopidogrel treatment.CONCLUSION: Almost one-third of patients with clopidogrel treatment and an acute proximal femoral fracture are non-responders to antiplatelet therapy and can be operated without delay.     

The influence of pre-operative antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents on the outcomes in elderly patients undergoing early surgery for hip fracture

BackgroundEarly surgery improves the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fractures. However, many patients take antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies for comorbidities. This study compared perioperative outcomes and 1-year mortality rates with early surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures taking or not taking these agents preoperatively.MethodsAmong 418 patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures at our institution from 2014 to 2016, 266 patients over 65 years who had surgery within 48 hours of admission were enrolled. We excluded patients with high-energy injuries, multiple or pathological fractures, and patients undergoing osteosynthesis for femoral neck fractures. The study population was divided into those who underwent hemiarthroplasty for neck fractures and those who underwent osteosynthesis for trochanteric fractures. We also divided the population into patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy (medicated group: 19 hemiarthroplasty, 70 osteosynthesis) and patients not receiving anticoagulation therapy (non-medicated group: 47 hemiarthroplasty, 130 osteosynthesis). Comorbidities, intraoperative blood loss, estimated blood loss from admission to the first and seventh day after surgery, transfusions, length of stay, complications, and 1-year mortality rates were evaluated.ResultsDiabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disorders were significantly more common in the medicated group for both surgery types. In the osteosynthesis group, estimated blood loss on the first day was 710 ml in the medicated group and 572 ml in the non-medicated group (P = 0.015). In the hemiarthroplasty group, corresponding values were 668 and 480 ml, respectively (P = 0.016). Estimated blood loss on the seventh day, complications, length of stay and 1-year mortality rate were not increased significantly.ConclusionsThe medicated group had an increase in estimated blood loss on the first day. However, there was no significant increase in transfusions, complications and 1-year mortality rates. Early surgery for elderly patients with hip fractures is recommended, even for those taking antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents.     

超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞用于老年髋部骨折患者围术期镇痛的研究

目的:研究超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围手术期疼痛控制及术后并发症的影响。方法:选择2021年1月至2021年9月收治的老年髋部骨折手术患者127例,按照镇痛方法不同分为连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(F组)和静脉镇痛对照组(C组)。其中F组62例,男19例,女43例;年龄66~95(82.4±7.2)岁;股骨颈骨折25例,股骨转子间骨折37例。C组65例,男18例,女47例;年龄65~94(81.4±8.7)岁;股骨颈骨折29例,股骨转子间骨折36例。观察两组患者围术期不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、简易精神状态评价量表(minimental state examination,MMSE)评分、警觉-镇静评分(observer''s assessment of alertness/sedation,OAA/S)、改良Bromage评分、术后并发症及患者住院期间情况。结果:F组实施阻滞后30 min、麻醉摆放体位时,术后6、24、48 h的静息及运动VAS低于C组(P<0.05)。F组术前12 h,术后1、3 d的MMSE评分及术后3 d的OAA/S评分高于C组(P<0.05)。F组不良反应发生率、需要额外镇痛人数低于C组(P<0.05)。F组围术期镇痛满意度及住院时间均优于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者在各时间点患肢Bromage评分及术后30 d死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞可为老年髋部骨折患者提供安全、有效的围术期镇痛效果,改善术后认知功能,减少术后并发症,从而缩短住院时间,提高住院期间生活质量。     

老年人髋部骨折的手术治疗策略探讨

目的探讨老年人髋部骨折手术治疗策略、临床应用方法及疗效。方法手术治疗248例老年髋部骨折患者,其中人工髋关节置换治疗114例,内固定治疗134例,按照末次随访患肢髋关节Harris评分及X线片评估疗效。结果 226例获得随访,时间5-76（36.8±14.6）个月。术中无死亡。关节置换者术后有4例脱位,经手法复位皮牵引固定未再脱位;1例术后4年髋臼松动重新置换。内固定治疗者骨折均愈合,无内置物松动、断裂、骨不连发生,并发髋内翻28例,其中螺钉切破股骨头4例,取出内固定行关节置换术后功能恢复。末次随访时226例患肢髋关节Harris评分为72-96（87.7±7.9）分,其中优111例,良84例,可22例,差9例,优良率为86.3%。结论老年髋部骨折患者积极正确的手术治疗可促进早期活动,减少并发症和病死率,提高生活质量。     

A study of waiting time for surgery in elderly patients with hip fracture and subsequent in-patient hospital stay

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether increased waiting time to operation in elderly patients with hip fracture significantly affects postoperative time to discharge. METHODS: Combined prospective and retrospective analysis of theatre logbooks and in-patient data to determine the type, time and date of operation and subsequent in-patient stay. SETTING: A busy district general hospital in the South East Thames Valley area with changing availability of a dedicated trauma list. PATIENTS: 441 elderly patients undergoing hip surgery between May 1995 and March 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Waiting time from booking of operation to surgery and length of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Increased pre-operative wait for emergency hip surgery in elderly patients significantly increases postoperative stay. Roughly doubling pre-operative wait increases postoperative stay by 19% (P < 0.01).     

高龄髋部骨折髋关节置换术围手术期多学科协作处理的经验

目的探讨高龄髋部骨折患者髋关节置换术围手术期风险和多学科协作处理措施及效果。方法笔者自2011-09—2015-02对135例高龄髋部骨折行髋关节置换术。入院后详细询问病史及术前检查,了解基础病,通过多学科协作处理作好充分的术前准备,在恰当的麻醉下进行髋关节置换术,术中加强各系统监测及早期干预,术后继续各系统监测及并发症防治。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中血压下降58例,心律失常32例,血氧下降36例。术后肺部感染23例,心功能不全31例,心律失常42例,低蛋白血症93例,贫血87例,电解质紊乱64例,认知功能障碍52例,急性脑血管意外8例,多系统异常68例。经多学科协作处理,除2例多器官功能衰竭放弃治疗外,其余患者均康复出院。结论高龄髋部骨折患者行髋关节置换术风险较大,围手术期多学科协作处理是其成功的重要保证。     

雌激素或避孕药治疗青春期功能性子宫出血的效果分析

目的探讨雌激素及避孕药治疗青春期功能性子宫出血(功血)的止血效果和适宜的起始剂量。方法对我院1990年2月至2005年7月治疗的106例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组106例中采用苯甲酸雌二醇(E2)组56例,口服结合雌激素(CEE)组30例,口服避孕药(COCs)组20例。快速控制出血率和快速止血率CEE组与E2组相比有显著延长,COCs与E2组效果相似。控制出血时间和完全止血时间E2起始剂量≤8 mg/d组和>8 mg/d组相比无显著差异;CEE起始剂量<7.5 mg/d与≥7.5 mg/d组相比也无显著差异,但需加量治疗率明显增加;COCs(妈富隆)≤3片/d与>3片/d组相比也无显著差异。结论用COCs治疗青春期功血在控制出血方面效果与E2的效果类似。增加上述各药的剂量,并不增强其止血效果。     

A retrospective study on estrogen or contraceptives in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent patients

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of estrogen or contraceptives in the treatment of acute bleeding of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in adolescent patients and the optimal starting dosage of drugs.Methods: The clinical records of 106 girls who with DUB and moderate or severe anemia from February 1990 to July 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: All 106 patients received hormonal therapy. 56 patients were treated with estradiol benzoate(E2), 30 patients with conjugated equine estrogen(CEE) and 20 patients with combined oral contraceptives (COCs). The rates for rapidly controlling bleeding and for rapidly stopping bleeding in E2 group were higher than those in CEE group ,but similar to those in COCs group. The days for controlling and completely stopping bleeding were not significantly different between the starting dosages (≤8 mg/d and >8 mg/d) of E2 groups, and also there were no statistical difference between the starting dosages (<7.5 mg/d and ≥7.5 mg/d) of CEE groups, but during the treatment the rate of increasing the dosage in <7.5 mg/d group was higher than that of ≥7.5 mg/d group(40% vs. 5%),while there were no statistical difference between the starting dosages (≤3 pills/d and >3 pills/d) of COCs groups. Conclusions: The clinical efficiency of E2 treatment on DUB in adolescent patients is similar to that of COCs. And the efficacies of treatment of DUB with E2, CEE and COCs in the different dosages are similar.     

Predictors for perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with extra capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary nailing capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary nailing

Purpose

The aim of our study was to determine predictive factors and requirement for perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with extra capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary device.

A retrospective cohort study of perioperative management on the morbidity of urogynecologic surgery

Introduction and hypothesis

To determine whether premenopausal and early (<70) and late postmenopausal women whose comorbidities were screened and managed using a standardized protocol experienced comparable perioperative complications after urogynecologic surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all women who presented for surgical management of their pelvic floor disorders over 4.5?years for any complications, which occurred intraoperatively to 6?weeks postoperatively.

Results

Late postmenopausal women underwent more vaginal (100/124, 159/246, and 226/288, p?p?p?P?p?P?=?0.789).

Conclusions

With standardized screening and management, our premenopausal and early and late postmenopausal women experienced similar perioperative complications.