功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错后口腔功能间隙变化的初步分析

目的:探讨用功能性矫治器(FR-I)矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形后,随着颌关系改变,口腔功能间隙面积的变化情况,了解口腔功能间隙与牙颌畸形发生的关系。方法:选择20例安氏Ⅱ类1分类错畸形患者,用功能矫治器(FR-I型)矫治其错畸形,采用治疗前后自身对照,研究口腔功能间隙面积的改变。结果:治疗后口腔功能间隙矢状断面面积增大,这是由于治疗后下颌体长度和下颌支高度、前上面高、前下面高和后面高均明显增加引起的。结论:矫治后口腔功能间隙的增大有利于上下颌骨、齿槽骨的发育及口颌系统功能的完善。     

功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错后口腔功能间隙变化的初步分析

目的 :探讨用功能矫治器 (FR I)矫治安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错畸形后 ,随着颌关系改变 ,口腔功能间隙面积的变化情况 ,了解口腔功能间隙与牙颌畸形发生的关系。方法 :选择 2 0例安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错畸形患者 ,用功能矫治器 (FR I型 )矫治其错畸形 ,采用治疗前后自身对照 ,研究口腔功能间隙面积的改变。结果 :治疗后口腔功能间隙矢状断面面积增大 ,这是由于治疗后下颌体长度和下颌支高度、前上面高、前下面高和后面高均明显增加引起的。结论 :矫治后口腔功能间隙的增大有利于上下颌骨、齿槽骨的发育及口颌系统功能的完善。     

功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错He后舌的形态,位置和舌骨 …

目的：探讨用功能矫治器（ＦＲ－１）治安氏２类１分类错Ｈｅ,矫治前后舌的形态、位置和舌骨位置的变化。方法：通过Ｘ线头影测量,分析个体治疗前后的变化。结果：治疗后舌体形态有改变,随着口腔功能间隙增大,舌体在口腔内充盈度增大,舌位置有前移趋势,舌尖位置靠前,舌有位置在水平向前移,垂直向下降。结论：进一步证实ＦＲ－１矫治器矫治安氏２类１分类错Ｈｅ原理之一是引导下颌向前,同时使舌体及颈部软组织向前改建,改善     

Fraenkel矫治器治疗早期骨性Ⅱ类错He的八因素初步分析

目的：探讨安氏Ⅱ类１分类骨性错Ｈｅ经ＦＲ－Ⅰ,Ⅱ型矫治器治疗前后八因素变化。方法：对１７例安氏Ⅱ类１分类骨性错Ｈｅ患者经ＦＲ－Ⅰ,Ⅱ型矫治器治疗前后Ｘ线头影测量,分析对治疗前后因素的改变。结果：ＦＲ矫治器可促进髁突的前下生长,均使下颌体,下颌支增长,颅底２有减小以及上颌骨向前旋转,有利于Ⅱ类错Ｈｅ的矫治,但该矫治器不能很好地控制上颌骨的矢状向和垂直向的生长发育,以及后部齿槽高度的生长。     

FR—1型功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错He的牙弓测量

目的 了解ＦＲ－１型矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ的牙Ｈｅ变化，方法 对２３例生长发育快速期的安氏Ⅱ类，分类错Ｈｅ患者采用ＦＲ－１型矫治器矫治，并对治疗前后模型进行牙弓测量，结果 １．上颌牙弓宽度增加，长度减小；２．下颌牙弓宽度增加，长度增加，Ｓｐｅｅ’ｓ曲线变平，３．前牙覆Ｈｅ，覆盖减小，结论 ＦＲ－１型矫正器，能使上牙弓长，宽，高三维关系发生明显变化，有效地改善安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ。     

Frankel Ⅱ型功能矫治器的临床应用

作者对８例处于生长发育快速期，安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ患者，应用ＦｒａｎｋｅｌⅡ型功能矫治器矫治，取得良好的矫治效果，作者认为，明显改善覆盖是该矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ的一个独特优势。     

功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错后舌的形态、位置和舌骨位置变化的初步分析

目的 :探讨用功能矫治器 (FR Ⅰ )矫治安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错 ,矫治前后舌的形态、位置和舌骨位置的变化。方法 :通过X线头影测量 ,分析个体治疗前后的变化。结果 :治疗后舌体形态有改变 ,随着口腔功能间隙增大 ,舌体在口腔内充盈度增大 ,舌位置有前移趋势 ,舌尖位置靠前。舌骨位置在水平向前移 ,垂直向下降。结论 :进一步证实FR Ⅰ矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错原理之一是引导下颌向前 ,同时使舌体及颈部软组织向前改建 ,改善矢状不调的颌骨关系 ;同时矫治使口腔功能间隙增大 ,舌的形态随之改变 ,达到矫治下颌发育不足的Ⅱ类错畸形的目的。     

功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错后舌的形态、位置和舌骨位置变化的初步分析

目的:探讨用功能矫治器(FR-Ⅰ)矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错 ,矫治前后舌的形态、位置和舌骨位置的变化.方法:通过X线头影测量,分析个体治疗前后的变化.结果:治疗后舌体形态有改变,随着口腔功能间隙增大,舌体在口腔内充盈度增大,舌位置有前移趋势,舌尖位置靠前.舌骨位置在水平向前移,垂直向下降.结论:进一步证实FR-Ⅰ矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错原理之一是引导下颌向前,同时使舌体及颈部软组织向前改建,改善矢状不调的颌骨关系;同时矫治使口腔功能间隙增大,舌的形态随之改变,达到矫治下颌发育不足的Ⅱ类错畸形的目的.     

FR-1型功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错的牙弓测量

目的了解ＦＲ－１型矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类１分类错牙合的牙牙合变化。方法对２３例生长发育快速期的安氏Ⅱ类１分类错牙合患者采用ＦＲ－１型矫治器矫治,并对治疗前后模型进行牙弓测量。结果１．上颌牙弓宽度增加,长度减小;２．下颌牙弓宽度增加,长度增加,Ｓｐｅｅ’ｓ曲线变平;３．前牙覆牙合、覆盖减小。结论ＦＲ－１型矫正器,能使上下牙弓长、宽、高三维关系发生明显变化,有效地改善安氏Ⅱ类１分类错牙合。     

FR-I型矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合的疗效观察

ＦＲ－Ｉ型矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类１分类错牙合的疗效观察广州市荔湾区妇幼保健院口腔科（５１０１４０）段培佳华西医科大学口腔医学院正畸科赵志河Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ矫治器是由德国正畸学者Ｒ·Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ在６０年代设计的一种活动矫治器，近３０年来得到广泛运用。本文采...     

Class II malocclusion correction: an American board of orthodontics case.

A Class II open bite malocclusion with a narrowed maxilla, an increased lower anterior facial height, and a tooth size discrepancy are presented. The malocclusion was treated nonextraction in 2 phases. The mixed dentition phase of treatment was maxillary molar uprighting followed by a bonded rapid palatal expander. The vertical dimension was managed with a vertical pull chincup. The full appliance phase included buildups of the maxillary lateral incisors and mechanics to control lower incisor position.     

不同错类型患者面部软组织侧貌协调性研究

目的　研究3种安氏错类型患者面部软组织的协调程度。方法　选择安氏3种错患者的矫治前头 颅定位侧位片各20张,测量硬组织项目1项和软组织项目12项,测量结果用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计学分析。结 果　与安氏Ⅰ类错相比,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患者的上下唇突度增加,但整体面部凸度二者无差异;Ⅲ类错患 者的上唇倾斜度增加,上颌发育不足,下唇形态、软组织面角及Z角与Ⅰ类错无差异。安氏Ⅱ类1分类与安氏Ⅲ 类错患者相比,除上唇倾斜度、鼻唇角、颏沟倾角、下唇-E线无显著差异外,其他指标均存在显著性差异。结论　 3种错类型患者之间,唇部的位置和形态具有一定差异,但安氏Ⅱ类1分类与安氏Ⅲ类错在整体面部协调方面 可能存在一定程度的代偿机制;鼻唇角只能反映上唇本身的形态变化,不能直接反映面部侧貌的特征。     

A comparison of chincap and maxillary protraction appliances in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusions

The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to compare cephalometrically the treatment effects of chincap and maxillary protraction appliances in subjects with a Class III skeletal malocclusion with a combination of an underdeveloped maxilla and prominent mandible. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment type; the chincap group (mean age 11.03 years, n = 12) and the Delaire type maxillary protraction appliance group (mean age 10.72 years, n = 12). In both groups, a significant increase in ANB, molar relationship, and overjet showed the effect of the appliances in the treatment of Class III malocclusions. In comparing the two groups, the maxilla was displaced more anteriorly and the molar relationship correction was greater in the maxillary protraction appliance group (P < 0.05). Angular and dimensional parameters for lower incisor/NB and nasolabial angle showed significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05).     

Contemporary treatment of a crowded Class II division 1 case

A 12-year-old Caucasian male presented with a severe Class II division 1 incisor relationship on a mild Skeletal II base with an average maxillary-mandibular planes angle and average lower facial height. Crowding was severe in the upper arch and moderate in the lower arch. Treatment was commenced using Twin Block appliances, and followed by extractions in all four quadrants and fixed appliances. This case illustrates the versatility of the Twin Block appliance in the treatment of those cases exhibiting crowding.     

骨种植钉前牵引对骨性Ⅲ类错患者软硬组织侧貌的影响

目的研究采用骨种植钉前牵引对骨性Ⅲ类错患者软、硬组织侧貌的改变。方法选取18例需行前牵引矫治的生长发育期骨性Ⅲ类错患者,采用双侧上颌颧牙槽嵴植入骨种植钉配合面框式前牵引,平均治疗时间为9个月,力值为（3.5±0.1）N。治疗前后头影测量采用Legan&Burstone软组织分析法以及相关硬组织测量,分析比较患者治疗前后软、硬组织变化情况。结果所有患者Ⅲ类错均得到改善,鼻底趋于丰满,颏部顺时针旋转,侧貌由凹面型变为直面型,下唇突度减小,软组织上下面高比、鼻唇角、上唇突度及颏唇沟深度无明显变化。上前牙无明显变化,下前牙舌倾,上颌骨向前生长,A点前移,SNA、ANB增大;SNB减小,下颌骨顺时针旋转。结论骨种植钉前牵引可促进上颌生长,使面中份丰满,且对上颌前牙轴倾度无影响,从而纠正骨性Ⅲ类错。     

Forsus矫治器治疗恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ类错的临床疗效

目的探讨Forsus矫治器的治疗对安氏Ⅱ类错硬组织变化的影响。方法临床选择恒牙初期的安氏Ⅱ类错患者12例,年龄11~15岁。采用Forsus矫治器治疗,治疗前、后进行X线头影测量分析,并评价其疗效。结果12例患者经过4~7个月(平均6个月)的治疗,面形改善明显,并获得Ⅰ类磨牙关系,前牙覆覆盖正常。矫治前后X线头影测量结果中下颌骨的B、Pg、Co三点的变化都有显著的统计学差异;在覆盖和磨牙关系的变化中,骨性改变占总变化的38.2%和32.3%;上、下颌平面角及面下高无显著变化,但上下平面发生顺时针的旋转。结论Forsus矫治器对于生长期的安氏Ⅱ类错可以产生一定的生长改良作用。     

The repositioning Nance appliance: a fixed functional appliance and case report

Functional appliances are primarily orthopaedic tools used to influence the facial skeleton in a growing child. These appliances may be fixed or removable. A fixed functional appliance referred to as the Repositioning Nance Appliance (RNA) was developed and a case report is presented. The RNA is a fixed functional appliance consisting of bands on the upper first molars joined together with a 0.036-inch stainless steel wire that is bent around the anterior contour of the palate. Just lingual to the upper incisors the wire is complemented with an acrylic Nance button, which is modified with a downward and backward incline projection. The labial aspect of this projection is smooth and when the lower incisors come into contact with it, they are directed into an edge-to-edge relation with the upper incisors, brought about by forward positioning of the mandible. This has the net effect of relocating the mandible into a Class I relation. A 14-year-old boy in his late mixed dentition stage of dental development presented with mild crowding, a horizontal growth pattern and a skeletal Class II jaw relation caused by an underdevelopment of the mandible. Treatment was initiated using the RNA and continued for a period of 18 months. This was followed by full fixed appliances for another 12 months and resulted in Class I skeletal and dental relations, a reduced overjet and an improved facial profile. The RNA, if applied correctly is a simple fixed functional appliance that can be used with confidence, comfort and economy to both the patient and orthodontic practitioner.     

Skeletal Class III Malocclusion with Unilateral Congenitally Missing Maxillary Incisor Treated by Maxillary Protractor and Edgewise Appliances

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 10-year-old female patient with a combination of Angle Class III malocclusion, a missing maxillary right lateral incisor, a supernumerary tooth with a short root on the lingual side of the maxillary incisor, a skeletal Class III jaw base relationship caused by a diminutive maxilla, and retroposition of the maxilla. We chose to close the space of the missing tooth, as well as the space created by extraction of the maxillary lateral incisor, by forward movement of the canine and premolars using a maxillary protractor with edgewise appliances. As a result, both the maxillary premolars and the molars were moved mesially, and a Class II molar relationship with tight interdigitation was achieved. Our results suggest that the combination of maxillary protractor and nontorque brackets was effective not only for correcting skeletal Class III malocclusion, but also for forward movement of the maxillary posterior teeth.     

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Ⅱ类错在上下颌骨位置、形态、大小上有多种表现形式。功能性矫治器治疗Ⅱ类错能取得良好效果,但部分病例治疗后有复发。因此,探究其复发原因与不同表现形式的Ⅱ类错的关系,从而更进一步理解功能性矫治器的适应证范围,对临床有重要意义。本文对Ⅱ类错的颌骨特征、Ⅱ类错与颞下颌关节的关系及功能性矫治器的针对性治疗方面内容做一综述,为临床提供参考。