血小板抗体检测及配型对血小板输注无效的临床意义研究

对我院97例血小板输注无效患者应用固相凝集法检测患者的血小板抗体,应用CCI评估阳性和阴性患者的血小板输注效果,分析血小板抗体检测结果和输注效果的关系。血小板抗体阳性率是34.02%;阳性组患者1h与24h CCI值要明显小于阴性组(P0.05);阳性组无效输注率(75.75%)要显著大于阴性组(21.88%);配型组输注无效率(11.76%)要明显小于未配型组(100%)。血小板输注前有效检测血小板抗体并予以交叉配型对血小板输注临床效果的改善具有重要意义。     

血小板抗体检测及配型对血小板输注无效的临床意义

目的 通过对比血小板配型前后血小板的输注效果,评估血小板抗体检测及配型对血小板输注无效的临床意义.方法 以出血症状改善情况、血小板计数增高指数(CCI)、血小板恢复百分率(PPR)为标准,对比配型前后血小板的输注效果.结果 25例血小板输注无效患者的血小板抗体筛查阳性9例; 9例血小板抗体阳性患者血小板交叉配型前后血小板输注有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),配型后输注的 1 h和24 h CCI、PPR数值明显高于配型前输注的.结论 血小板抗体检测及血小板配型输注可以为患者选择适用的血小板,提高单采血小板的输注有效率,避免滥用血小板.     

血小板抗体检测及交叉配型在血小板输注患者中的运用

目的探讨血小板抗体检测及交叉配型在血小板输注患者中的应用效果。方法于2017年1月—2018年6月期间,选取该段时间内在本院接受多次血小板输注的100例血液病患者随机分为2组,每组50例,对照组患者直接进行血小板输注,观察组患者先进行血小板抗体检测和交叉配型,再选择相容的血小板进行输注,两组患者就其血小板纠正指数、凝血功能、不良反应发生率、血小板输注有效率等指标进行比较。结果观察组的血小板输注有效率为74%(37/50),对照组仅为18%(9/50),观察组明显高于对照组(χ~2=31.562,P0.05);血小板输注1 h、24 h后,观察组的血小板纠正计数指数均明显高于对照组(t=14.109,P0.05);两组患者输血后的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间均较输血前显著缩短(P0.05),而在输血后,观察组的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率为4%(2/50),明显低于对照组的18%(9/50)(χ~2=5.005,P0.05)。结论在血小板输注前对患者施行交叉配型和血小板抗体检测,可有效提高血小板输注的效果,减少同种免疫反应,保证临床输血安全,还可改善患者的凝血功能,纠正其血小板计数。     

单克隆抗体固相血小板抗体检测技术在血小板交叉配型中的应用

目前对临床上长期反复输注血小板产生血小板抗体且导致血小板输注无效患者,进行血小板交叉配型,选择配合型血小板输注,可达到预防作用。但是随着大连地区无偿捐献血小板替代有偿捐献血小板体制的转变,以及临床急诊患者量增多,选择一种快速、有效且经济的血小板交叉配型方法迫在眉睫。本中心采用单克隆抗体固相血小板抗体检测技术(以下简称MASPAT检测技术)对临床急需血小板输注的患者进行交叉配型,获得良好效果,现报告如下。1材料与方法1.1研究对象17份标本均由大连市各医院提供,男5例,女12例。其中白血病患者7例,恶性肿瘤8例,再生障碍性…     

血小板抗体筛查及交叉配型的临床应用

目的 对成都市2019年血小板抗体筛查及交叉配型情况进行分析,进一步完善血小板配型相关检测策略以提升临床输注疗效.方法 选择中心2019年进行血小板配型的患者为研究对象,采用固相凝集法进行血小板抗体筛查及交叉配型检测,分析检测量、抗筛阳性率、年龄分布、血型占比、季节性变化、医疗机构送检情况、反复配型比例及输注效果.结果...     

血小板疑难配型患者的血小板抗体特异性分析及解决对策1例

患者,女,70岁.因患重症再生障碍性贫血就诊.为预防由于血小板减少引起的出血,医院对患者进行随机单采血小板输注,连续随机输注单采血小板7人份,但Plt未升反降.并由输血小板前的5×109/L降至2×109/L以下,患者随即出现牙龈出血,身上出现出血点.输注第7人份单采血小板前Plt为1×109/L,输注1h后升至为2×109/L,效果不理想.遂拟进行血小板配合性输注.但在与20位随机供者的配合性试验中均呈现强阳性.为此,笔者对患者的血小板抗体性质作了进一步确证,以寻求与患者相合的血小板.     

血小板输注患者血小板抗体筛检及血小板交叉配型情况调查分析

目的调查本地区血小板输注患者血小板抗体阳性率及临床血小板交叉不合实际发生率。方法采用固相凝集法分别比较160名有输血史的随机血小板输注患者(作为实验组)和160名无输血史的随机住院患者(作为对照组)的血小板抗体阳性率以及实验组中血小板抗体阳体患者和血小板抗体性阴性患者的临床血小板交叉不合实际发生率。结果实验组和对照组血小板抗体阳性率分别为44.4%(71/160)和16.3%(26/160),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组临床血小板交叉不合总体发生率为5.0%(8/160),其中血小板抗体阳性患者和血小板抗体阴性患者临床血小板交叉不合发生率分别为9.0%(7/71)和0(0/89),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组中输血次数<5次和输血次数≥5次的患者血小板抗体阳性率分别为29.0%(18/62)和54.1%(53/98)。结论本地区血小板输注患者血小板交叉不合临床实际发生率并不低,血小板抗体阳性患者的血小板交叉配型工作需要引起大家的重视。     

血小板抗体检测及交叉配型在血小板输注无效患者中的应用

血小板输注是治疗各种因血小板减少引起的出血性疾病的有效治疗措施。尤其是严重出血,危及生命时,血小板输注显得尤为重要,近年来在临床上的使用日益普及。但是我国血小板输注无效频繁发生,其中一个重要原因是患者在多次输注血小板后可产生血小板抗体,导致血小板输注无效,并且随着血小板输注量及输注次数的增加,患者体内血小板抗体的产生机会随之增加。对已产生抗体的患者,应进行血小板交叉配型,     

反复输血者血小板抗体对血小板输注效果的影响

目的　探讨血小板相关抗体与血小板输注效果的关系。方法　采用简易致敏红细胞血小板血清学技术(SEPSA) ,对 87名长期反复输血而又需输注血小板的患者 ,检测血小板相关抗体 ,在血小板输注前后计数血小板 ,并计算 1h和 2 4h血小板增值 (CCI)。采用微量淋巴细胞毒试验 (LCT)和SEPSA法对部分血小板抗体阳性且血小板输注无效的患者进行了血小板配合性输注。结果　反复输血的患者 ,血小板抗体阳性比率 6 0 .9% (5 3/ 87) ;5 3名血小板抗体阳性者中 ,再次输注血小板时 4 6名输注无效 ;血小板抗体阳性组与阴性组比较CCI差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,血小板输注无效率差异也有显著性 (P〈0 .0 0 1)。结论　长期反复输血患者 ,易发生同种免疫反应 ,产生血小板相关抗体 ,导致血小板输注无效 ;血小板配合性输注能较好的解决因血小板抗体阳性引起的输注无效问题 ,可获得满意效果     

改良抗原捕获ELISA在血小板抗体检测及配型中的应用

目的探讨改良抗原捕获ELISA(MACE)在血小板抗体检测及配型中的应用。方法采用MACE分别检测青岛地区医院送检48例血小板输注无效(PTR)患者血清中的血小板同种抗体和32例特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者血浆中的血小板自身抗体,并为PTR患者进行血小板配型。结果PTR患者血小板同种抗体检出率为50%(24/48),其中同种HPA抗体阳性率为29.2%(14/48),同种HLA抗体阳性率为39.6%(19/48),抗-HLA占所有免疫性抗体的70.4%(19/24)。ITP患者血浆游离抗体检出率62.5%,其中抗体阳性者全部检出自身抗体,而且全部有抗自身HPA抗体。选择配合性血小板52个治疗量输注,输注后24小时CCI值为(11.35±2.78)×109/L,总有效率82.3%。结论MACE法可以常规应用于PTR患者的血小板抗体检测及配型;MACE法检测血浆中游离的血小板自身抗体可做为辅助诊断ITP的一种方法。     

Enhancement of the indirect anti-platelet antibody test and its application to platelet immunology

Comparisons in the same patients of platelet-bound anti-platelet antibody (APA) levels (direct test) with serum APA levels (indirect test) frequently do not give the same results. Indirect test results frequently are negative or marginally elevated even though platelet- bound antibody is greatly increased on direct testing. The most likely cause for these differences between the two tests is insufficient binding of serum antibody to test platelets in vitro. In an effort to enhance in vitro antibody binding, we examined four test modifications affecting platelet attachment. Rabbit anti-human platelet antisera (absorbed with their specific human donor leukocytes to remove HLA- and granulocyte-specific antibodies) were combined under various conditions with human platelets and tested in a modified antiglobulin consumption test utilizing rabbit IgG. The test conditions varied: incubation time of the serum APA-platelet mixture at 37 degrees C; age of the test platelet pool; ionic strength of the mixture (varied through incorporation of a low-ionic-strength solution (LISS); and vortex agitation for 30 seconds prior to the addition of sera. Optimal attachment in standard phosphate-buffered saline took place in 60 minutes using test platelets stored for either 3 or 30 days, and yielded mean values for rabbit immune sera of 9.9 fg of IgG per platelet. Preincubation controls yielded a mean of 0.7 to 1.5 fg per platelet. Incorporation of LISS or vortexing of test platelets did not affect the results of control, but both modifications substantially increased test values of immune sera to 15.8 and 17.3 fg of IgG per platelet, respectively. Combining LISS with vortexing did not further increase values.     

抗凝剂对血小板计数结果的影响分析

目的：分析不同抗凝剂对血小板计数结果的影响。方法选择5例乙二胺四乙酸二钾（EDT A‐K2）抗凝全血标本血细胞分析仪计数血小板结果重度减低的患者,采集EDT A‐K2、枸橼酸钠、肝素锂、氟化钠抗凝静脉血标本和手指末梢血标本,分别采用血细胞分析仪（仪器法）和显微镜计数法（手工法）计数血小板,并同时制备涂片标本,经瑞氏‐姬姆萨染液染色后显微镜镜检。结果5例患者EDT A‐K2、枸橼酸钠、肝素锂及氟化钠抗凝静脉血标本仪器法、手工法血小板计数结果均明显低于手指末梢血标本,血涂片标本镜检均可见血小板大片聚集;手指末梢血标本仪器法、手工法血小板计数结果均正常,血涂片标本镜检可见血小板分布正常,无聚集现象。结论多种抗凝剂均有可能诱导血小板发生聚集,从而引起血小板假性减少。发生抗凝剂依赖性血小板假性减少时,应采用不加抗凝剂的手指末梢血标本进行血小板计数,从而获得准确结果。     

Comparison of platelet antibody screen,crossmatching and HLA antibody testing in patients refractory to platelet transfusions

Patients undergoing recurrent platelet transfusions can become refractory to these transfusions. Platelet antibody screens (Immucor), platelet crossmatching assays (Immucor), and HLA antibody testing are commonly used to test these patients. The relative effectiveness of these tests has not been determined. A higher incidence of strongly positive screen results that did not predict crossmatch results was anecdotally noted. Therefore, the results of the platelet antibody screens and crossmatches were systematically compiled over a 12-year period from 2010 to 2021. Of note, the Immucor Capture-P Ready Screen (platelet antibody) had a recall in March 2013 after which the performance of the test appears to have changed. The positivity rate of the platelet antibody screen increased over the course of the study, and this was statistically significant when analyzing year as a continuous variable and when grouping years by four-year periods (2010–13,2014–17,2018–21). In contrast, platelet crossmatch reactivity decreased slightly throughout this period. During the 2018–21 period, HLA antibody testing was commonly performed and correlated well with the crossmatch testing but not with the screen. These results suggest that the drastic increase in positivity we observed in the platelet antibody screen over this period is due to increased analytic sensitivity (with possible reduced specificity) of the screen and not a change in our patient population. Based on these results, the platelet antibody screen has little clinical utility and directly performing platelet crossmatching or HLA antibody testing is recommended for patients suspected to be refractory to platelet transfusions due to alloimmune-mediated factors.     

Anti-platelet antibody and platelet function]

The effect of anti-platelet antibodies, including murine monoclonal antibodies, autoantibodies and alloantibodies, on platelet function was analyzed. The target antigen of these antiplatelet antibodies, investigated in the present study, was a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, which is a receptor of fibrinogen and plays an important role in platelet aggregation. Some of these antibodies inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation. The target antigen of one murine monoclonal antibodies, designated OP-G2, was a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and interestingly, this antibody induced platelet aggregation, which required divalent cation and fibrinogen. We compared the epitope of these antibodies by inhibition assay and found the epitope of these antibodies to be very close. The binding of OP-G2 to the platelets required Ca2+. These data suggest that OP-G2 recognizes an epitope at or in very close proximity to the fibrinogen binding site of GPIIb/IIIa, as compared with other antibodies.     

Progress and development of platelet antibody detection

Human platelet antibody (HPA) detection is necessary for the diagnosis and therapeutic decisions for refractoriness to platelet transfusions, post transfusion purpura and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. In the last four to five decades many new developments, both in knowledge and methods, have increased the quality of platelet serology. However, the quest for the optimal antibody detection method(s) encountered, sometimes unexpected, difficulties. In this review the various aspects concerning platelet antibody test methods and detection of platelet antibodies both for the diagnostic and screening setting are discussed.