半乳糖凝集素-1蛋白在宫颈病变组织中的表达及其与高危型人乳头瘤病毒的关系

目的:探讨半乳糖凝集素-1(Galectin-1)蛋白在宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌中的表达及其与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)的关系。方法:用免疫组织化学法检测宫颈癌(54例)、CINⅠ(10例)、CINⅡ(20例)、CINⅢ(25例)和正常宫颈组织(20例)中Galectin-1蛋白的表达,用第二代杂交捕获法(HC-Ⅱ)检测HR-HPV感染情况,分析Galectin-1与CIN及HR-HPV的关系。结果:Galectin-1蛋白在正常宫颈、CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ和宫颈癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为5.0%、20.0%、40.0%、56.0%、48.1%,随着CIN病变程度的加重,Galectin-1蛋白阳性表达逐渐增强;宫颈癌和CINⅡ、CINⅢ的Galectin-1蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常宫颈组织和CINⅠ(P<0.01),宫颈癌与CINⅡ、CINⅢ间比较、差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。宫颈癌中Galectin-1蛋白阳性表达在有否淋巴结转移、组织学分级、临床分期和有否HR-HPV的感染中比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),在不同组织学类型中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Galectin-1蛋白表达增强与宫颈病变的进展有一定关系,HR-HPV可能通过诱导宫颈上皮高表达Galectin-1而促使宫颈癌发生、发展。     

宫颈组织α辅肌动蛋白4表达与HPV载量及病变程度的相关性

目的探讨α辅肌动蛋白4(ACTN4)在宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌组织中的表达,及其与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染的相关性。方法选取2014年6月至2015年2月期间就诊于山西医科大学第二临床医院妇科门诊,经宫颈活检及手术切除的宫颈组织病理标本120例,其中CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、早期宫颈鳞癌(Ia-IIa期)患者各30例,同时选择同期阴道镜门诊检查并且病理诊断正常的30例患者作为对照组:采用免疫组化法检测ACTN4在不同宫颈组织中的表达情况,同时采用HC-Ⅱ法检测各组高危型人乳头瘤病毒的感染情况及病毒负荷载量,分析ACTN4表达与HR-HPV感染、病毒负荷载量的相关性。结果 1.HC-ⅡHPV DNA检测法结果显示:150例标本中HR-HPV阳性98例,阴性52例,阳性低负荷量49例,阳性中负荷量36例,阳性高负荷量13例,并且从正常组、CINⅠ组、CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组到宫颈鳞癌患者组,随着宫颈病变加重,HR-HPV感染率逐渐增加(P=0.000)。2.免疫组化法结果显示:ACTN4在正常组、CINⅠ组、CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组、宫颈鳞癌患者组中阳性表达率分别为0%、33.3%、46.7%、56.7%、73.3%。随着宫颈病变程度的加重,ACTN4蛋白的阳性表达率逐渐上升,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经过Spearman秩相关分析显示出HR-HPV病毒负荷载量与ACTN4的表达具有相关性(r=0.523,P=0.000)。结论随着宫颈病变程度加重,ACTN4与HR-HPV病毒负荷载量表达率均逐渐升高,且表现出相关性,可作为反映宫颈病变程度及生物学行为的指标,对临床诊断有参考价值。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变及早期宫颈癌组织中P16、HPV L-1壳蛋白的表达及与HR-HPV载量相关性研究

目的:探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及早期宫颈癌组织中P16、HPV L-1壳蛋白的表达及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)载量的相关性。方法:分别采用免疫组化法和第二代杂交捕获法(hybrid captureⅡ,HC-2)检测26例慢性宫颈炎组织、83例低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)(CINⅠ83例)、109例高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)(CINⅡ49例,CINⅢ60例)、11例早期宫颈鳞癌组织中P16蛋白、HPV L-1壳蛋白的表达及HR-HPV载量,并分析其相关性。结果:1在宫颈癌前病变中随病变级别增高,HR-HPV阳性率增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。各组织学分级中病毒载量分布差异有统计学意义,HSIL(44.95%)及早期宫颈癌组织(63.64%)中皆以低病毒载量(1~100 RLU/CO)为主。从慢性宫颈炎、LSIL、HSIL到早期宫颈癌,P16蛋白阳性表达率分别为11.54%(3/26),55.42%(46/83),85.32%(93/109),100.00%(11/11),差异有统计学意义(P0.01);L-1壳蛋白阳性率分别为15.38%(4/26),28.92%(24/83),14.68%(16/109),0.00%(0/11),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2229例宫颈组织中,随HPV载量增加,P16蛋白表达增强;L-1壳蛋白阳性表达率增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。3在慢性宫颈炎组中,P16蛋白阳性表达与HPV载量呈正相关(r=0.491,P0.05)。在LSIL组中,P16蛋白与HPV载量(r=0.459,P0.01)及L1壳蛋白表达(r=0.297,P0.01)皆呈正相关。4在HSIL及早期宫颈癌组中,P16蛋白、L-1壳蛋白表达与HPV载量三者之间无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:P16、HPV L-1壳蛋白异常表达是宫颈癌前病变发生发展的早期分子事件,对判断CINⅠ有参考价值,可能比HR-HPV载量更具有预测价值。     

高迁移率蛋白A2在不同宫颈病变中的表达及意义

目的探讨高迁移率蛋白A2(HMGA2)在不同宫颈病变组织中的表达及其临床意义,了解其与宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系。方法免疫组织化学法检测无锡市第三人民医院2005至2007年30例正常宫颈组织、19例低级别上皮内瘤样病变宫颈组织、16例高级别上皮内瘤样病变宫颈组织、13例宫颈鳞癌组织中HMGA2蛋白的表达,原位杂交检测各组织中HPV感染的情况,分析HMGA2蛋白表达与HPV感染在宫颈病变组织中的相关性。结果正常宫颈组织、CINⅠ级、CINⅡ~Ⅲ级和宫颈浸润性鳞癌组织中,HMGA2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为26.67%、21.05%、68.75%和76.92%。CINI与正常宫颈组织阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义;CINⅡ~Ⅲ级、宫颈浸润性鳞癌组织与正常宫颈组织阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.011,P=0.006)。宫颈高级别上皮内瘤样病变和宫颈癌组织具有较高的HPV感染率,HPV感染与否和HMGA2的表达两者之间未发现统计学相关性。结论HMGA2高表达于高级别宫颈上皮内瘤样病变组织和宫颈癌组织,这可能是宫颈病变的一个早期事件。HMGA2的表达与宫颈HPV感染两者没有相关性,HMGA2可能是...     

TCT联合高危型HPV基因检测在绝经后妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变筛查的价值评估

目的:评价宫颈薄层液基细胞检测(TCT)联合高危型HPV基因分型检测在绝经后妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)筛查的价值。方法:选取TCT检查结果异常,包括意义不明不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)、低度鳞状上皮内瘤变(LSIL)、高度鳞状上皮内瘤变(HSIL)和鳞状上皮癌(SCC)的163例绝经后妇女为研究对象,荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)法检测高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV16、18、31、33、45、52、56、58)分型,并以阴道镜下宫颈活检病理学诊断作为诊断金标准进行对比研究。结果:①不同年龄段绝经妇女TCT结果异常的类型构成比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②HPV分型检测阳性者80例,感染率49.1%,随着TCT检查宫颈病变级别的升高,HR-HPV感染率亦逐步增加,与低级别比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③163例TCT异常患者中,病理学诊断阳性51例(CINⅠ级24,CINⅡ级9例,CINⅢ级6例,宫颈浸润癌12例),阳性率31.3%(51/163)。随着TCT检查宫颈癌变级别的增高,宫颈组织病理学诊断阳性率逐步增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。④宫颈炎组中HR-HPV阳性40例,感染率35.71%,宫颈CIN阳性组中HR-HPV阳性29例,感染率74.4%(其中CIN I级70.8%,CIN II级77.8%,CIN III级83.3%),宫颈浸润癌组中HR-HPV阳性11例,感染率91.7%,随着宫颈病变病理级别的升高,HR-HPV感染率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。⑤TCT联合HPV检测、单独HPV检测对CIN及宫颈癌筛查的敏感度均高于TCT检查,分别为96.1%、78.4%、66.7%(P<0.01)。TCT联合HPV分型检测、单独HPV检测对CIN及宫颈癌筛查的假阴性率低于TCT检测,有显著性统计学差异(P<0.01)。3种筛查方法的特异度、假阳性率比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:TCT联合高危型HPV基因分型检测在绝经后妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变筛查中具有重要意义。     

P16和Ki-67在宫颈上皮内瘤变组织中的表达及意义

目的研究P16和Ki-67在宫颈上皮内瘤变组织中的表达及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的关系和临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测2005年9月至2007年8月间广东省人民医院40例正常宫颈组织、103例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及56例宫颈浸润癌中P16和Ki-67的表达,并采用第二代杂交捕获试验(HC-Ⅱ)检测高危型HPVDNA。结果P16和Ki-67的表达强度与CIN的严重程度分别呈正相关(P<0.01)。P16和Ki-67在CINⅡ、CINⅢ、宫颈鳞癌及腺癌中表达呈阳性至强阳性的比例,明显高于正常宫颈组织及CINⅠ,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危型HPV感染阳性率88.9%(177/199),其中正常宫颈42.5%、CINⅠ87.5%、CINⅡ与CINⅢ均100%、宫颈鳞癌98.0%、腺癌60.0%。高危型HPVDNA负荷量与P16、Ki-67的表达强度分别呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论P16和Ki-67的表达强度与CIN的严重程度以及高危型HPVDNA负荷量密切相关;P16和Ki-67可作为诊断CINⅡ及CINⅢ的重要辅助指标。     

人端粒酶RNA基因扩增和高危型HPV感染检测对宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的预测意义

目的:研究人端粒酶RNA基因(hTERC)扩增及高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)在宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)脱落细胞的表达,以探讨其在早期宫颈病变和疾病发展的作用和临床意义.方法:分别采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)和第2代杂交捕获法(HCⅡ),检测26例宫颈良性病变/湿疣、27例CIN、41例浸润性宫颈癌(ICC)共94例患者的hTERC基因扩增杂交信号数及HR-HPV阳性感染,上述两种检测方法与宫颈病理组织学结果对照.结果:hTERC基因在ICC组阳性表达为85.37%,高于CIN Ⅱ～Ⅲ组(15.83%)、CIN Ⅰ组(7.14%)与良性病变组(6.67%,1/15),差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);HR-HPV阳性感染率在良性病变/湿疣、CIN Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ～Ⅲ、ICC分别为46.15%,71.43%,38.46%和19.51%;hTERC基因FISH检测对宫颈上皮病变的阳性预测值(PPV)和特异度(Sp)分别为92.68%、88.46%,明显高于HR-HPV-HC Ⅱ检测(65.71%、53.85%),P<0.01;敏感度(Se)55.88%,阴性预测值(NPV)43.40%,亦高于后者(33.82%、23.73%),P<0.05.结论:hTERC基因FISH检测与HR-HPV-HC Ⅱ检测比较能更可靠地辨别宫颈病变的程度;检测hTERC基因扩增对判断早期宫颈病变进展风险可能有一定的预测意义,有望作为宫颈癌早期筛查、病情判断和评估预后的辅助指标之一.     

miR-218下调与宫颈上皮内瘤变患者HPV病毒感染关系的研究

目的:探讨小分子RNA-218(miR-218)下调与宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系。方法:选择78例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者,其中CINⅠ22例(28.2%),CINⅡ27例(34.6%),CINⅢ29例(37.2%),逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测miR-218的表达,GenoArray测试工具包检测组织标本中HPV的表达。结果:miR-218在高危型HPV感染患者中的含量低于低危型HPV感染者,CINⅡ、Ⅲ患者miR-218含量比CINⅠ患者低。结论:高危型HPV感染患者中miR-218表达降低,提示miR-218可能是宫颈癌发生的重要因素。     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变患者CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达与高危型HPV感染的关系

目的探讨不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）组织中CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）的关系。方法对2005年1月至2008年8月在珠海市人民医院阴道镜下宫颈活检诊断为CIN并行宫颈锥切治疗的72例患者的资料进行分析,采用杂交捕获第二代方法（HC-Ⅱ）检测高危型HPVDNA含量;采用免疫组化检测30例CIN1、43例CIN2/3及10例正常宫颈组织中CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞的表达。结果 CIN2/3组的HR-HPV感染率显著高于CIN1组（P〈0.05）,CIN组HR-HPV感染率高于慢性宫颈炎组（P〈0.01）。慢性宫颈炎组、CIN1组和CIN2/3组CD4＋T细胞表达率分别为60.0%、43.3%和33.3%,CD8＋T细胞的表达率分别为70.0%、46.7%和31.0%;CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞在CIN1组及CIN2/3组的表达显著低于慢性宫颈炎组（P〈0.05）。结论 CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达下调可能促进宫颈HR-HPV感染的发生,并对宫颈癌前病变的发生、发展起一定的作用。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ随访中的价值

目的探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ随访中的应用价值。方法收集2004年9月至2007年10月在北京大学第三医院妇科宫颈病变专业门诊就诊的患者292例,其中230例参加了随访。对经阴道镜下宫颈活检病理诊断为CINⅠ的患者应用细胞学和HR-HPV检测,每6个月随访1次,随访中HR-HPV检测结果阳性或宫颈细胞学结果异常时行阴道镜检查,随访终点为病理诊断为CINⅡ、Ⅲ及宫颈浸润癌(此3项定义为CINⅡ )。结果230例随访患者,平均随访时间11.4个月。25例在随访中检出CINⅡ ,检出CINⅡ 前HR-HPV检测阳性率为100%。25例CINⅡ 病例中,入组时8例细胞学结果为鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL),检出CINⅡ 前9例细胞学结果为HSIL,1例为正常范围。90例在随访中HR-HPV检测结果由阳性转为阴性,其中未检出CINⅡ 。结论HR-HPV检测结果反复阳性、细胞学结果为HISL是CINⅠ进展的高危因素。联合细胞学及HR-HPV检测对CINⅠ的转归有更高的评估价值。     

Comparison of elective and empiric cerclage and the role of emergency cerclage

We describe the maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes of patients undergoing elective, empiric, and emergency cervical cerclage at our institution in an attempt to determine predictive factors for adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent cervical cerclage placement over a 7-year time span. Of 55 charts, 40 contained complete peripartum data satisfactory for review; 7 elective, 15 empiric, and 18 emergency cerclages were analyzed. There was no perinatal mortality in the elective group, and 5/7 patients delivered at term. The empiric population experienced a 20% neonatal mortality; 6/15 gestations progressed to term. The perinatal mortality was 44% in the emergency group and 2/18 patients delivered at term. Relative to neonatal outcome, elective cerclage was statistically significantly better than emergent cerclage; there was no statistically significant difference between the elective and empiric groups nor between the empiric and emergent groups. This relatively small series with a large number of variables appeared to favor an elective procedure rather than an empiric one. Although emergent cerclage was associated with only a 56% neonatal survival, it did have value in some patients.     

Cerclaje para tratar la insuficiencia cervical. Nuestra experiencia a lo largo de la última década

We review the cervical cerclages performed at our institution in the last decade. The outcome of elective cerclages was highly satisfactory. Several clinical, analytical and ultrasound criteria were useful to retrospectively determine a subgroup of patients with an especially poor prognosis after cerclage. However, even in this subgroup, cerclage was successful in 30%. The management of emergency cerclage should be individualized; patients with less cervical dilation, less effacement and fewer inflammatory signs are those most likely to benefit from emergency cerclage.     

Cervical surveillance as an alternative to elective cervical cerclage for pregnancy management of suspected cervical incompetence

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the outcome of pregnancies among patients with suspected cervical incompetence treated either by elective cervical cerclage or an alternative management program involving cervical surveillance. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed in two groups of patients at risk of cervical incompetence with singleton gestations attending the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, from 1996 to 2000. The first group was managed by their obstetric carers with an elective cerclage, while the second group was managed conservatively as part of a cervical surveillance program offered to patients attending the Department of Perinatal Medicine for pregnancy care. This program consists of weekly visits from 16 weeks' gestation and involves alternating transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical morphometry with cervico-vaginal bacteriology and fetal fibronectin swabs. Empiric insertion of a cerclage is undertaken when there is evidence of significant cervical shortening (cervical canal <2.5 cm in length at 相似文献   

2019年SOGC《宫颈机能不全与宫颈环扎术临床实践指南》解读

        宫颈机能不全（cervical incompetence,CIC）系宫颈解剖结构或功能异常,导致在足月妊娠前出现进行性、无痛性宫颈缩短、扩张、展平及漏斗状宫颈,妊娠中晚期无法维持妊娠,发生率为0.1%～1.0%。是复发性中晚期妊娠流产及早产的重要原因。作为临床诊断性疾病,CIC缺乏客观的诊断标准,宫颈环扎术是目前治疗宫颈机能不全的惟一术式和有效方法［1］。2019年加拿大妇产科医师协会（SOGC）颁布了最新版指南《No.373宫颈机能不全与宫颈环扎术临床实践指南》［2］,替代2013年No.301旧版指南,旨在指导临床医生明确宫颈机能不全的高危人群,并为宫颈环扎手术术式及辅助治疗措施的个体化选择提供参考意见。本文就该指南的推荐意见进行简要解读。     

复发性流产患者子宫颈机能不全的诊断和治疗

子宫颈机能不全（CIC）是引起晚期流产、胎儿丢失的主要原因，应重视复发性流产患者CIC的诊断和治疗。其诊断方法和标准随着临床实践经验的总结取得了一定进展。虽然子宫颈环扎术是治疗CIC的主要手段，但对子宫颈环扎术的指征以及手术方式仍然存在诸多争议。文章对CIC的诊断与治疗进行讨论，旨在寻求最安全有效的治疗以获得最佳的妊娠结局。     

复发性流产患者子宫颈机能不全的诊断和治疗

子宫颈机能不全（CIC）是引起晚期流产、胎儿丢失的主要原因,应重视复发性流产患者CIC的诊断和治疗。其诊断方法和标准随着临床实践经验的总结取得了一定进展。虽然子宫颈环扎术是治疗CIC的主要手段,但对子宫颈环扎术的指征以及手术方式仍然存在诸多争议。文章对CIC的诊断与治疗进行讨论,旨在寻求最安全有效的治疗以获得最佳的妊娠结局。     

Cervical insufficiency: Re-evaluating the prophylactic cervical cerclage

Historically, placement of a cervical cerclage was based almost entirely on the obstetrical history. Over the past two decades however, we have recognised that history alone may not be the only indication for cerclage but rather, complementing the obstetrical history with ultrasonographic and biochemical findings may better identify those women who may benefit most from the placement of a cervical cerclage. Review of the literature appears to suggest that the best approach towards the management of a cervical insufficiency is to first categorise women as being either high risk of low risk-based on obstetrical history. Although women with an obstetrical history of at least three 2nd trimester losses are likely to benefit from a prophylactic cerclage than those without this history may better be managed with progesterone and serial cervical length measurements. This approach can in turn be used to identify those women with early cervical shortening that may require an emergency cerclage. Although randomised controlled trials are still lacking, recent studies suggests that this approach may be more effective especially when combined with markers of intra-amniotic inflammation. As for the prophylactic cerclage itself, with the abdominal cerclage being less invasive given the possibility of a laparoscopic placement, it may prove to be a more effective alternative to the conventionally placed McDonald cerclage. This however, remains to be evaluated more carefully.     

Reducing the burden of glandular carcinomas of the uterine cervix

Widespread use of the Papanicolaou test for the screening of cervical cancers has lead to a significant decline in overall incidence and mortality rates over the past 3 decades. When different histologic types of cervical cancers are considered and trends are reexamined, it becomes apparent that observed declines are reflective of squamous cell carcinomas predominantly; the rates for adenocarcinomas continue to rise. This rise in incidence may be due to the greater difficulty in screening for glandular precursor lesions that often arise high within the endocervical canal. Reducing the incidence and mortality rates that are associated with adenocarcinomas can be accomplished by using improved screening techniques and large-scale implementation of cervical cancer vaccines that target the predominant oncogenic human papillomavirus types that are associated with adenocarcinoma.     

Human papillomavirus

Human papillomaviruses are ancient small DNA viruses and represent the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. In the majority, HPV infection is cleared by an incompletely understood immune response. HPV is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer, and responsible for a proportion of other anogenital cancers including vulval, vaginal, anal and oropharyngeal. Oncogenesis is likely mediated through viral proteins which hijack host-cell machinery in epithelial keratinocytes and disrupt host tumour-suppressor proteins. Much work has been undertaken to further characterise the natural history of HPV infection and cervical disease. Such efforts have been translated to important public health interventions like the introduction of HPV tests in cervical screening. HPV vaccination programmes are expected to further reduce the incidence of high-risk HPV infections and resultantly HPV-related disease.     

Laparoscopic transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage: a minimally invasive approach

BACKGROUND: While the traditional approach to management of cervical insufficiency has been the insertion of a transvaginal cerclage during pregnancy, a transabdominal cervico-isthmic suture is indicated in certain patients. This procedure is traditionally performed via laparotomy. Laparoscopic transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclage (LTCC) placement, however, confers the benefit of the low morbidity associated with laparoscopy. AIMS: To describe the technique and outcomes of LTCC in three cases. METHODS: LTCC was performed using Mersilene tape at the level of the internal cervical os in the prepregnancy period in three patients: one with previous cervical amputation and two with previous failed cervical cerclage. Procedures were performed at a tertiary level endoscopic unit, Sydney, Australia. RESULTS: The laparoscopic approach enabled placement of a suture with no morbidity, and rapid patient recovery in these cases. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cervical cerclage proved technically feasible and safe for a surgeon trained in laparoscopic suturing methods.