A multicenter,randomized, triple-masked,placebo-controlled trial of the effect of ambulatory continuous femoral nerve blocks on discharge-readiness following total knee arthroplasty in patients on general orthopaedic wards

A continuous femoral nerve block (cFNB) involves the percutaneous insertion of a catheter adjacent to the femoral nerve, followed by a local anesthetic infusion, improving analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Portable infusion pumps allow infusion continuation following hospital discharge, raising the possibility of decreasing hospitalization duration. We therefore used a multicenter, randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled study design to test the primary hypothesis that a 4-day ambulatory cFNB decreases the time until each of three predefined readiness-for-discharge criteria (adequate analgesia, independence from intravenous opioids, and ambulation ?30 m) are met following TKA compared with an overnight inpatient-only cFNB. Preoperatively, all patients received a cFNB with perineural ropivacaine 0.2% from surgery until the following morning, at which time they were randomized to either continue perineural ropivacaine (n = 39) or switch to normal saline (n = 38). Patients were discharged with their cFNB and portable infusion pump as early as postoperative day 3. Patients who were given 4 days of perineural ropivacaine attained all three criteria in a median (25th–75th percentiles) of 47 (29–69) h, compared with 62 (45–79) h for those of the control group (Estimated ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.66–1.00; p = 0.028). Compared with controls, patients randomized to ropivacaine met the discharge criterion for analgesia in 20 (0–38) versus 38 (15–64) h (p = 0.009), and intravenous opioid independence in 21 (0–37) versus 33 (11–50) h (p = 0.061). We conclude that a 4-day ambulatory cFNB decreases the time to reach three important discharge criteria by an estimated 20% following TKA compared with an overnight cFNB, primarily by improving analgesia.     

股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞在膝关节骨性关节炎关节镜术中的作用分析

目的 探讨股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞在膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)关节镜术中的作用。方法 选取2019年5月-2021年10月该院收治的拟行膝关节镜术治疗的KOA患者86例,依据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组行连续硬膜外麻醉,观察组行股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者的运动和感觉阻滞起效时间及持续时间,记录并比较两组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后5 min (T₁)、手术10 min (T₂)、手术30 min (T₃)和手术结束时(T₄)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和不良反应总发生率。结果 观察组运动和感觉神经阻滞起效时间较对照组短(P <0.05),运动和感觉神经阻滞维持时间较对照组长(P <0.05);两组患者HR和MAP在组间、时间和交互方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);对照组的HR在T0时点与T1时点、T1时点与T3时点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),MAP在T0时点与T1、T2、T3和T4...     

神经刺激器定位下腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞应用于老年患者膝关节部位手术的效果评价

目的比较神经刺激器(PNS)定位下腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞和硬膜外麻醉用于老年患者单侧膝关节部位手术的麻醉效果及对血液动力学的影响。方法选择40例行单侧膝关节部位手术的老年患者,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,分为A组(腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞组)、B组(硬膜外麻醉组)各20例,观察并纪录两组麻醉前及麻醉后5、10、20、30、60分钟的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),感觉运动神经阻滞的起效、完善及维持时间,以及局麻药和辅助药物用量、术中输液量、术中及术后不良反应等指标。结果术中所有患者都获得满意的麻醉效果,A组患者的感觉及运动神经阻滞起效时间均快于B组(P0.05),维持时间也长于B组(P0.05),整个麻醉过程中的MAP、HR均无显著性变化(P0.05);B组患者注药后5分钟的MAP与麻醉前比较无显著性变化(P0.05),而20、30、60分钟的MAP较麻醉前及注药后5分钟均显著降低(P0.05),整个麻醉过程中HR均无显著性变化(P0.05),B组术中输液量、术后尿潴留发生率及血管活性药使用率均显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论与硬膜外麻醉相比较,PNS定位下行单侧腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞安全有效,对血液动力学影响小,术后不良反应少,镇痛时间长,有利于术后早期恢复,更适用于老年患者的单侧膝关节部位手术。     

超声引导股神经加腘窝入路坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉在胫骨骨折内固定手术中的应用效果

目的观察胫骨骨折内固定手术中应用超声引导股神经加腘窝入路坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉的效果。方法将我院收治的50例胫骨骨折内固定手术患者随机分为观察组与对照组,各25例。对照组给予全身麻醉,观察组给予超声引导股神经加腘窝入路坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果。结果两组患者A0时各项应激指标水平无差异(P>0.05);A1、A2、A3时,观察组各项应激指标水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组丙泊酚用量少于对照组,拔管时间、苏醒时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导股神经加腘窝入路坐骨神经阻滞复合全身麻醉应用于胫骨骨折内固定手术,能减少患者手术应激反应和麻醉药物用量,并发症少。     

超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用效果

目的 探讨超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用效果.方法 将50例下肢骨折手术患者按照入院先后顺序分为对照组与研究组,每组25例.对照组给予神经刺激仪引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉,研究组给予超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉.比较两组的麻醉效果.结果 研究组的苏醒时间,拔管时间,运动、感觉神经阻滞起效时间短于对照组,运动...     

Continuous peripheral nerve blocks in acute pain management

Continuous peripheral nerve block techniques offer many benefits for the surgical patient in terms of target-specific pain control and avoidance of opioid-related side effects. There are many acceptable techniques for perineural catheter placement and infusion management, and practitioners are encouraged to obtain specialized training to develop a consistent practice and ensure patient safety. Emerging technology in ultrasound guidance may offer advantages in perineural catheter insertion accuracy and procedural efficiency. Various infusion devices are available that permit delivery of a basal rate and patient-controlled bolus for use in the event of breakthrough pain. A successful outpatient continuous peripheral nerve block program should include thorough patient education, detailed written instructions, daily telephone follow-up, and contact information for a healthcare provider familiar with these techniques who can answer questions and intervene when necessary.     

Advances in stem cell treatment for sciatic nerve injury

Introduction: The sciatic nerve is one of the peripheral nerves that is most prone to injuries. After injury, the connection between the nervous system and the distal organs is disrupted, and delayed treatment results in distal organ atrophy and total disability. Regardless of great advances in the fields of neurosurgery, biological sciences, and regenerative medicine, total functional recovery is yet to be achieved.

Areas covered: Cell-based therapy for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) has brought a new perspective to the field of regenerative medicine. Having the ability to differentiate into neural and glial cells, stem cells enhance neural regeneration after PNIs. Augmenting axonal regeneration, remyelination, and muscle mass preservation are the main mechanisms underlying stem cells’ beneficial effects on neural regeneration.

Expert opinion: Despite the usefulness of employing stem cells for the treatment of PNIs in pre-clinical settings, further assessments are still needed in order to translate this approach into clinical settings. Mesenchymal stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cells, with the ability of autologous transplantation, as well as easy harvesting procedures, are speculated to be the most promising source to be used in the treatment of PNIs.     

依达拉奉对糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠坐骨神经的保护作用

目的:研究依达拉奉对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠坐骨神经的保护作用。方法:SD大鼠80只,采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)一次性腹腔注射诱导建立DPN模型,随机分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组每天给予3 mg/kg依达拉奉腹腔注射4周,观察摆尾温度阈值(TTT)、坐骨神经运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、神经形态和坐骨神经中一氧化氮(NO)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:对照组大鼠TTT升高,MCV和SCV减慢(P<0.01),形态学明显异常,NO、MDA含量明显增多,SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01)。治疗组与对照组比较TTT明显降低,MCV和SCV明显加快,形态学明显改善,NO、MDA含量明显减少,SOD活性显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:依达拉奉可降低DPN大鼠坐骨神经损伤。     

雷公藤甲素在羊膜复合异体神经移植治疗坐骨神经损伤中的应用

目的：探讨雷公藤甲素对羊膜复合异体神经移植促神经再生和功能恢复的作用。方法：成年SD雄性大鼠30只,随机分3组,切除10mm坐骨神经造模,造模后3组分别采用自体神经移植、异体神经移植加雷公藤药物、异体神经移植。移植术后第24周,观察移植段神经形态学、坐骨神经指数（SFI,术后第8周开始）、胫前肌湿重、单位面积移植神经中段轴突数量和髓鞘厚度。结果：移植术后第24周自体神经移植组和异体神经移植加雷公藤药物组的坐骨神经指数、单位面积移植神经中段轴突数量和髓鞘厚度、胫前肌湿重各项检测指标无显著差异（P>0.05）, 但再生神经形态和功能恢复良好,检测的各项指标明显优于异体神经移植组（P<0.05）。结论：雷公藤甲素可促进同种异体神经移植神经再生和功能恢复治疗坐骨神经损伤。     

Stem cells treatment for sciatic nerve injury

Introduction: Sciatic nerve injury is common and usually results in degeneration of the distal axons and muscle denervation. Chronic muscle atrophy and fibrosis limit the recovery of muscle function and severely compromises efforts to restore muscle function. Despite early diagnosis and modern surgical techniques there is still poor functional recovery.

Areas covered: Stem cell transplantation has been investigated as a promising treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury, and has demonstrated utility in limiting neuronal damage. The focus has been on the isolation of stem cells from bone-marrow and adipose tissue in addition to embryonic and neuronal stem cells. Transplantation of these cells into transected sciatic nerve in animal models demonstrates clinical improvement, inducing vigorous nerve regeneration accompanied by myelin synthesis. Cell replacement, trophic factor production, extracellular matrix molecule synthesis, guidance, remyelination, microenvironmental stabilization and immune modulation have been postulated as possible mechanisms for stem cell implantation.

Expert opinion: Although further research is still needed, this therapeutic approach will probably become a routine treatment technique in the coming years, especially with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We believe that the most promising results were noted for the use of stem cells of this origin in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury.     

腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在下肢外伤性手术麻醉中的应用

目的:观察单侧腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于下肢外伤性手术麻醉的镇痛效果及对血液动力学的影响.方法:40例急诊拟行单侧下肢外伤性手术的病人随机分为两组.A组采用神经刺激器定位技术行腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞,B组选择L2-3或L3-4间隙行硬膜外麻醉.局麻药均用罗哌卡因.记录麻醉前及麻醉后15、30、60、90 min的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和心率(HR),以及针刺疼痛消失时间、术中输液量、术后尿潴留发生率等指标.结果:与麻醉前相比,两组病人的麻醉后血压均下降,B组病人麻醉后各时点的SBP、DBP均明显低于A组:术中B组的晶体输入量,曾用麻黄碱病例数和术后尿潴留发生率均明显高于A组;针刺疼痛消失时间A组显著低于B组.两组病例麻醉效果确切,均无更改麻醉方式完成手术.结论:神经刺激器定位技术下行单侧腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞.麻醉起效快,镇痛效果好,对血液动力学影响小,术后不良反应少,适用于下肢创伤性手术病人.     

壳聚糖支架复合嗅鞘细胞修复坐骨神经损伤

背景：嗅鞘细胞可促进中枢神经损伤修复。将壳聚糖与胶原结合制备复合工程材料,已经广泛应用于组织工程化神经导管的构建。 目的：探讨嗅鞘细胞复合壳聚糖用于治疗大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复作用。 方法：建立坐骨神经缺损大鼠模型,用联合培养的原代培养大鼠嗅鞘细胞和壳聚糖支架连接于缺损处,设为嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组;单纯壳聚糖支架组用单纯壳聚糖支架连接缺损;空白单纯壳聚糖支架组不作任何处理。 结果与结论：建模后1-4周分别检测大鼠坐骨神经功能指数,运动诱发电位潜伏期以及组织学检查发现,与嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数显著升高（P〈0.05）,运动诱发电位潜伏期显著低于单纯壳聚糖支架组和空白对照组（P〈0.01）,且嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖组有新生的神经达到远侧端,周围少有炎症反应。说明嗅鞘细胞结合壳聚糖支架修复坐骨神经损伤效果较好。     

不同浓度许旺细胞与聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物修复损伤周围神经的比较

背景：有研究表明,许旺细胞神经移植复合体具有极强修复自体神经缺损作用,并且许旺细胞在神经再生过程中发挥至关重要的作用。目的：比较不同浓度许旺细胞神经移植复合体修复自体神经缺损时周围神经的再生效果。方法：建立坐骨神经缺损模型大鼠。原代培养大鼠许旺细胞,构建聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物管-细胞外基质凝胶-许旺细胞神经移植复合体修复坐骨神经缺损模型大鼠。按许旺细胞浓度的不同分为105,106,107,108,109 L-1结果与结论：建模后3,6和12周,含许旺细胞各浓度的神经移植复合体组各时间点神经传导速率均高于对照组（P 〈0.01）,其中10浓度组,对照组不含许旺细胞。分别于建模后3,6和12周,行运动神经传导速度的测定。建模后12周各组胫骨前肌湿质量测量和组织学观察。8 L-1组运动神经传导速度优于其他各浓度组（P 〈0.05）。建模后12周,大鼠胫骨前肌苏木精-伊红染色显示,各浓度许旺细胞神经移植复合体组正常肌纤维数均多于对照组（P 〈0.05）。其中许旺细胞浓度108,109 L-1浓度组胫骨前肌形态恢复较好,肌纤维细条样、波浪状,同向而行,长短、粗细及疏密大致一致。结果证实,108 L-1许旺细胞神经聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物移植复合体对缺损坐骨神经再生的促进作用较好。     

Successful use of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block for lower limb surgery in a patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a case report

The number of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is increasing. These patients have a reduced cardiorespiratory reserve. Therefore, preoperative evaluation is essential to determine the best type of anaesthesia to use in patients with HFrEF. A 70-year-old man with HFrEF was scheduled to undergo debridement of skin necrosis due to thrombotic occlusion of the right common iliac artery. He had undergone wound dressing changes under local anaesthesia every other day for several months, and treatment for heart failure was on-going. A sciatic nerve and fascia iliaca compartment block was performed under ultrasound guidance because of the patient’s cardiopulmonary function. After confirming adequate sensory blockage, surgery was performed without any haemodynamic instability or complications. Thereafter, debridement was performed twice more using the same block technique, and a skin autograft was also successfully performed. We successfully performed an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve and fascia iliaca compartment block in a patient with HFrEF who was scheduled to undergo lower limb surgery. Peripheral nerve block is an alternative option for patients with HFrEF.     

Sympathetic nerve blocks in mandibular herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia

Sympathetic blocks have been indicated for the diagnosis and treatment of painful neuropathic conditions, such as herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The purpose of this article is to report a case of mandibular HZ and PHN in an HIV-positive patient, and discuss the efficacy of sympathetic nerve blocks for pain relief and prevention of PHN.     

不同剂量右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的阻滞效果和不良反应

目的探讨两种不同剂量的右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的效果和不良反应。方法 40例行单侧上肢/手部手术的患者随机分为两组,即0.5μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR1组)和1μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR2组)。比较2组患者阻滞起效时间,阻滞后4、6、8、10、12和14 h的静息和运动阻滞效果,术后血流动力学改变和镇静等不良反应。结果 DR1组患者感觉和运动阻滞开始恢复和完全恢复的时间均显著早于DR2组患者(P0.01);DR2组在6 h活动疼痛评分和术后8、10、12和14 h的静息和活动疼痛评分均显著优于DR1组(P0.05)。结论 1μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因较0.5μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,可以增强臂丛神经阻滞效果且不增加不良反应。     

超声引导下罗哌卡因复合地塞米松神经阻滞在老年胫腓骨远端骨折手术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下罗哌卡因复合地塞米松神经阻滞在老年胫腓骨远端骨折手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年7月南通市海门区人民医院行锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate,LCP）内固定术的老年单侧胫腓骨远端骨折患者60例，所有患者接受超声引导下股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。将60例患者随机分为2组：单纯罗哌卡因组（R组，n=30），给予0.4%罗哌卡因40 mL；罗哌卡因联合地塞米松组（RD组，n=30），给予0.4%罗哌卡因40 mL和地塞米松10 mg。比较2组患者的麻醉效果，术中、术后麻醉相关并发症发生率及术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h镇痛泵使用总量。结果 R组和RD组的麻醉阻滞完全率分别达到90.0%和93.3%(P>0.05)。两组患者麻醉前和麻醉后30 min搬动患肢时的VAS评分，术中、术后麻醉相关并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。R组患者麻醉后15 min搬动患肢时的VAS评分显著大于RD组[（4.8±0.6）分vs(2.8±0.5)分，P<0.001],RD组患者术后12 h、24 h、48 h镇痛泵药液的使...