2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的相关因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病发生的相关因素。方法采取回顾性分析方法选取2008年1月1日至2012年12月31日间门诊的868例2型糖尿病患者,按尿微量白蛋白(MAU)水平分成两组:无糖尿病肾病组和糖尿病肾病组,对两组患者的临床数据进行比较。结果①868例2型糖尿病患者中糖尿病肾病250例,占28.8%。②两组间年龄、病程、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数,胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿酸(UA)差异具有统计学意义。③Logistic回归分析结果提示:糖尿病肾病与BMI、收缩压、空腹血糖、HbA1c、TG、UA相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者应综合控制体重、血压、血糖、血脂、UA,改善代谢紊乱情况,利于糖尿病肾病的防治。     

2型糖尿病与非糖尿病人群的颈动脉粥样斑块的对比研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病与非糖尿病人群的颈动脉粥样斑块的差异.方法 运用超声对2型糖尿病组及非糖尿病组的双侧颈动脉进行检测,观察颈动脉的内-中膜厚度、有无斑块形成及其回声特点,同时测定相关生化指标,并进行对比分析.结果 2型糖尿病组的颈动脉粥样斑块发生率,低回声或无回声型斑块所占的比例均明显高于非糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者发生颈动脉粥样斑块的百分比,低回声或无回声型斑块所占的比例较大,糖尿病患者心血管事件的发生可能与此有关.     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化的相关因素分析

目的：分析绝经后2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM）患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化的相关因素。方法：选取武汉市第一医院综合医疗科住院治疗的绝经后T2DM患者106例,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度（CIMT）将其分为斑块组和非斑块组,其中斑块组74例、非斑块组32例;比较两组患者一般资料、生化指标、骨代谢指标及骨密度,对绝经后T2DM患者的年龄等因素与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的关系进行单因素分析以及Pearson相关性分析,对发生颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：Pearson相关性分析结果显示,绝经后T2DM患者的年龄、BMI、糖尿病病程、绝经年限、TC、LDL-C、PTH与IMT呈正相关,25(OH)D3、PINP、骨钙素水平及L1-L4骨密度、左侧股骨颈骨密度与IMT呈负相关。年龄、BMI、糖尿病病程、L1-L4骨密度、左侧股骨颈骨密度（P<0.05,回归系数分别为0.149、0.422、0.015、-3.117、-3.228,OR值分别为1.106、1.141、0.065、0.057）,是绝经后T2DM患者发生颈动脉...     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与斑块形成的相关危险因素

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)与斑块形成及其稳定性的相关影响因素,为其早期预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法:选取中国科学技术大学附属第一医院收治的262例老年T2DM患者,根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声探查结果分为正常组、硬化组、稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组,比较4组患者临床资料和生化指标的差异,并采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析筛选老年T2DM患者颈动脉粥样硬化和斑块形成相关影响因素。结果:正常组、硬化组、斑块组病程、血清空腹血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、游离三碘甲状腺氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺激素(free thyroxine,FT4)、25(OH)VD数值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组病程、血清HbA1c,HDL-C,LDL-C和25(OH)VD数值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析:病程长、高FBG和LDL-C是斑块形成的危险因素,高FT3,HDL-C,TBIL和25(OH)VD是保护因素。结论:血清FT3,25(OH)VD和TBIL水平下降促进老年T2DM患者颈动脉粥样硬化与斑块形成。     

2型糖尿病肾病与无肾病患者骨密度研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病与骨质疏松(OP)的关系.方法应用双能X线吸收仪测定48例2型糖尿病(DM)患者椎体、左髋部、左前臂的骨密度(BMD).根据白蛋白尿排泄率(AER)将DM(2型)分为肾病组(AER≥20μg/min)和无肾病组(AER<20μg/min),测定糖基化血红蛋白(HbAic)、C肽(空腹及餐后2h)并做相关性分析.结果肾病组各部位BMD均低于无肾病组,以股骨颈处有显著性差异(P<0.05),肾病组OP发生率显著大于无肾病组(P<0.05),肾病组中随AER增高,BMD减少.结论肾脏损害是加重OP的重要因素.     

甲状腺功能对2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病发生风险影响

[目的]探讨甲状腺功能对2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病发生风险的影响.[方法]选取2017年2月至2018年2月安康市中医医院收治的180例2型糖尿病患者,根据是否合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(简称亚临床甲减)将其分为观察组(合并亚临床甲减,n=40)和对照组(未合并亚临床甲减,n=140例).随访2年,观察患者心血管疾病发生...     

缺血性卒中合并2型糖尿病患者的颈动脉斑块的研究

目的:研究缺血性卒中合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者的颈动脉斑块的临床特点和影响因素。方法:将2013年7月—12月收治的185例缺血性卒中患者分为T2DM组(n=72)及非T2DM组(n=113),用超声检查颈动脉斑块,其中22例患者行颈动脉CT血管造影(computed tomographic arteriography,CTA)检查;分析糖、脂代谢相关指标与颈动脉斑块大小的相关性。结果:T2DM组颈动脉斑块的发生率、性质、大小及颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)与非T2DM组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影响颈动脉斑块大小的主要因素为是否患T2DM、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C),P0.05。超声和CTA对22例患者颈动脉管腔的狭窄程度的检查结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:缺血性卒中患者颈动脉斑块的大小与是否患T2DM、2 h PBG、HOMA-IR、FBG和LDL-C相关,合并T2DM时颈动脉斑块发生率升高,易损斑块比例升高。超声检查可作为颈动脉斑块筛查的首选方法,CTA更易于显示斑块的性质及管腔的狭窄程度。     

2型糖尿病患者血清胆红素水平与颈动脉斑块的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清胆红素水平与颈动脉斑块形成的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病住院患者952例,根据颈部血管彩色超声结果存在颈动脉斑块患者426例(有斑块组),无颈动脉斑块患者526例(无斑块组).记录所有患者基本资料和血清胆红素水平、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白等情况,研究影响颈动脉斑块形成的相关因素.结果 与无斑...     

2型糖尿病合并IgA肾病与糖尿病肾病患者的临床分析

目的：分析2型糖尿病合并IgA肾病与2型糖尿病合并糖尿病肾病患者的临床特点,鉴别诊断要点。方法：回顾分析18例2型糖尿病合并IgA肾病与15例2型糖尿病合并糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料。结果：2型糖尿病合并IgA肾病患者糖尿病病史（10.72±18.66个月）明显短于糖尿病肾病患者（58.73±71.12个月）,P〈0.05。IgA肾病组在肾活检时血肌酐升高的比例（5.56%）明显低于糖尿病肾病组（46.67%）,P〈0.05,伴有血尿的患者（61.11%）明显多于糖尿病肾病组（20.00%）,P〈0.05。IgA肾病组总胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清免疫球蛋白A、血清免疫球蛋白G、血钙明显高于糖尿病肾病组（分别为13.28±4.14μmol.L^-1比9.95±4.87μmol.L^-1、34.22±18.11U.L^-1比19.73±16.04U.L^-1;4.00±2.16g.L^-1比2.11±0.86g.L^-1;12.47±4.76g.L^-1比9.04±2.41g.L^-1和2.37±0.17mmol.L^-1比2.22±0.20mmol.L^-1）。IgA肾病组血尿素氮、血肌酐、50%补体溶血单位、随机尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、24h尿蛋白显著低于糖尿病肾病组[分别为5.86±1.59mmol.L^-1比10.76±5.89mmol.L^-1;82.72±23.76μmol.L^-1比185.20±107.19μmol.L^-1;50.51±5.80IU.mL^-1比55.37±6.17IU.mL^-1;959.50±395.00μg.（mgCr）^-1比3193.85±2085.00μg.（mgCr）^-1和2.22±2.13g.（24h）^-1比4.69±2.92g.（24h）^-1]。两组血糖、血脂均无统计学差异。IgA肾病患者荧光眼底血管造影和肌电图检查未见异常,糖尿病肾病组有2例糖尿病视网膜病变和3例糖尿病周围神经病变。结论：2型糖尿病合并IgA肾病的患者尿检异常出现前糖尿病病史大多短于5年,血尿、血清免疫球蛋白A升高多见,尿检异常出现时无糖尿病视网膜病变或周围神经病变。     

Myocardial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with increased risk of myocardial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD), two separate conditions which often co-exist and influence each other’s course. The prevalence of myocardial dysfunction may be as high as 75% in T2DM populations but is often overlooked due to the initial asymptomatic nature of the disease, complicating co-morbidities such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and obesity, and the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria. More sensitive echocardiographic applications are furthermore needed to improve detection of early subclinical changes in myocardial function which do not affect conventional echocardiographic parameters. The pathophysiology of the diabetic myocardial dysfunction is not fully elucidated, but involves hyperglycemia and high levels of free fatty acids. It evolves over several years and increases the risk of developing overt HF, and is suggested to at least in part account for the worse outcome seen in T2DM individuals after cardiac events. CAD and stroke are the most frequent CV manifestations among T2DM patients and relate to a large degree to the accelerated atherosclerosis driven by inflammation. Diagnosing CAD is challenging due to the lower sensitivity inherent in the diagnostic tests and there is thus a need for new biomarkers to improve prediction and detection of CAD. It seems that a multi-factorial approach (i.e. targeting several CV risk factors simultaneously) is superior to a strict glucose lowering strategy in reducing risk for macrovascular events, and recent research may even support an effect also on HF outcomes.     

慢性心脏病住院患者2型心肾综合征的发生情况分析

目的 了解慢性心脏病(Chronic kidney disease,CHD)患者2型心肾综合征(Cardiorenal syndrome,CRS)的发生情况并探讨其相关因素.方法 本研究对自2008年7月至2009年7月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心脏内科住院的1275名患者的病历资料进行了回顾性调查.由MDRD公式估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR),并对患者的基础资料包括年龄、性别、慢性病病史、相关实验室指标以及生活方式等进行了收集和分析.结果 1275名CHD住院患者的2型CRS患病率为18.4%(235/1275).2型CRS患者年龄较非CRS人群偏高,且更多存在糖尿病(28.9% 比 21.8%,P＜0.05＝和脑血管事件(9.8% 比 5.7%,P＜0.001＝.单变量分析结果显示血红蛋白( r=-0.148,P＜0.001＝、白蛋白(r= -0.147,P＜0.001＝、C反应蛋白(r=-0.330,P＜0.001＝、纤维蛋白原(r=0.098 P＜0.05＝、乳酸脱氢酶(r=0.127,P =0.042)、B型脑钠素(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)(r= 0.182,P＜0.001＝、尿酸(r= 0.142,P＜0.001＝以及NYHA分级(r = 0.189,P＜0.001＝与2型CRS发生相关.进一步分析发现 2型CRS的发生与年龄[OR=1.039(1.013-1.065),P= 0.003]、白蛋白[OR=0.912(0.852～0.976),P=0.008]和尿酸[OR=1.005(1.003-1.007),P＜0.001＝水平有着密切联系.结论 本研究结果表明在CHD患者中2型CRS患病率高.某些心肾传统危险因素及患者心功能等情况与2型CRS的发生相关.对于高龄、高尿酸血症及营养状况较差的CHD患者,2型CRS的早期诊断和早期治疗尤为重要.     

超声检查评价糖尿病患者左室肥厚与颈动脉缓冲功能的关系

目的 研究糖尿病(DM)患者左室肥厚(LVH)与颈动脉缓冲功能的关系.方法 超声心动图检查70例DM患者和35例正常人,分为LVH组和非LVH组,测定受检者颈动脉的弹性系数(Eρ)、僵硬度(β)与顺应性(AC),评价颈动脉缓冲功能.结果 LVH组和非LVH组DM患者的Ep、β较对照组增大,且LVH组较非LVH组增大(P<0.05);LVH组和非LVH组DM患者的AC较对照组减小,且LVH组较非LVH组减小(P<0.05).DM患者左室质量指数与Ep和β呈正相关,与AC呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 DM患者LVH与颈动脉缓冲功能受损相关,动脉缓冲功能受损可能是导致DM患者LVH的重要因素之一.     

Subclinical cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: To screen or not to screen

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen in recent decades, and cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in this population. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of tight control of risk factors on the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease. However, in clinical practice, few patients achieve the therapeutic goals. The current diagnostic procedures for subclinical cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients have not been shown to improve prognosis or mortality, probably because they do not categorize cardiovascular risk. Thus, clinical practice guidelines do not systematically recommend screening for subclinical atherosclerosis in these patients, although it is known that patients with extra-coronary atherosclerosis, microangiopathy and poorly-controlled cardiovascular risk factors are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Improvements in the reliability of diagnostic tests, with fewer side effects and better cost efficiency, may better help to stratify cardiovascular risk in this group of patients, and further evaluation on this topic should be considered.     

Serum lutein is a promising biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease in the elderly

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum lutein and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in elderly individuals.MethodsA total of 60 T2DM patients over 60 years were subgrouped into a DKD group and a non‐DKD group according to their urinary microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), while 30 age‐matched non‐T2DM patients were recruited in the control group. Baseline characteristics, laboratory examination results, and serum lutein levels were compared, and their correlations were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to identify the diagnostic potential of lutein in T2DM and DKD.ResultsThe lutein level in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group and was also significantly lower in the DKD group than in the non‐DKD group (p < 0.001). Lutein levels were negatively correlated with body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and UACR and positively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). T2DM patients were divided into four groups according to the quartile of their lutein level. The proportion of T2DM and DKD gradually decreased with increasing lutein levels (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of serum lutein in diagnosing T2DM and DKD was 0.880 and 0.779, respectively, with corresponding cut‐off values of 0.433 μmol/L and 0.197 μmol/L (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe serum level of lutein is negatively correlated with the incidence of T2DM and DKD in the elderly and can serve as a diagnostic marker for T2DM and DKD.     

慢性肾脏疾病非透析患者血游离T_3水平与心血管并发症的关系

目的:研究慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)非透析患者甲状腺激素的改变情况,探讨其与CKD非透析患者并发心血管疾病(CVD)的关系。方法:本组195例CKD非透析患者,按肾小球滤过率(GFR)分为早中期、中晚期2组,10名尿常规、尿微量蛋白正常志愿者,作为对照组。采用放射免疫法检测CKD非透析患者(包括亚组早中期、中晚期指标)及对照组FT3、FT4、T3、T4、TSH水平,分析其与颈动脉超声、心脏彩超及既往CVD史的关系。结果:CKD非透析患者的血FT3水平较对照组显著降低[(4.02±0.78)nmol/L比(4.62±0.59)nmol/L,P     

尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP与老年2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)及视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)在老年2型糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者中的变化,及与尿微量清蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)和估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2018年3月该院收治的老年2型DKD患者184例,根据UACR分为尿蛋白正常组(n=68)、微量清蛋白尿组(n=66)及大量清蛋白尿组(n=50),另选取同期体检健康者60例作为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定检测各组尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平。Pearson相关分析尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平与UACR、eGFR的相关性。结果尿蛋白正常组、微量清蛋白尿组和大量清蛋白尿组尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),微量清蛋白尿组尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平明显高于尿蛋白正常组(P<0.05),大量清蛋白尿组尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平明显高于尿蛋白正常组和微量清蛋白尿组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,老年2型DKD患者尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平与UACR均呈正相关(r=0.542、0.826、0.706,P<0.01),尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平与eGFR均呈负相关(r=-0.483、-0.607、-0.635,P<0.01)。结论尿NGAL、L-FABP及RBP水平在老年2型DKD患者中明显升高,与2型DKD患者的发生、发展密切相关。     

厄贝沙坦对2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿的治疗作用

目的 观察厄贝沙坦合并常规治疗方法治疗2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿患者的效果.方法 将我院80例2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿患者,随机平均分为两组,在常规降糖、抗凝、降脂、低蛋白饮食治疗的基础上,治疗组:加用厄贝沙坦;对照组:常规治疗未加厄贝沙坦.所有病例于治疗前及治疗3个月、6个月时抽血测定空服血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、24 h Upro、UAER、ACR检测,然后对治疗前后两组分别进行对比分析.结果 治疗组2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿患者,在常规降糖、抗凝、降脂、低蛋白饮食治疗的基础,上加用厄贝沙坦,治疗3个月、6个月后24 h Upro、UAER、ACR明显要好于对照组.结论 厄贝沙坦治疗2型糖尿病肾病微量白蛋白尿临床疗效显著可靠.     

A disproportionate contribution of papillary muscles and trabeculations to total left ventricular mass makes choice of cardiovascular magnetic resonance analysis technique critical in Fabry disease

Background

Sphingolipid deposition in Fabry disease causes left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, of which the accurate assessment is essential. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been proposed as the gold standard. However, there is debate in the literature as to whether papillary muscles and trabeculations (P&T) should be included in LV mass (LVM).

Methods/results

We examined the accuracy of 2 CMR methods of assessing LVM and LV volumes, including (M_incP&T) or excluding (M_exP&T) P&T, in a cohort of Fabry disease subjects (n = 20) compared to a matched control group (n = 20). Significant differences between the two measurement methods were observed for LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LVM, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) in both groups. These differences were significantly greater in the Fabry group compared to controls, except for LVEF. P&T contributed to a greater percentage of LVM in Fabry subjects than controls (20 ± 1% vs 13 ± 2%, p = 0.01). In the control group, both volume-derived methods (M_incP&T or M_exP&T) provided accurate SV measurements compared with the internal reference of velocity-encoded aortic flow. In the Fabry group, inclusion of P&T (M_incP&T) resulted in good concordance with phase contrast flow imaging (difference between flow and volume techniques: 1 ± 3 ml, p = 0.7).

Conclusion

The volumetric contribution of P&T in Fabry disease is markedly increased relative to healthy controls. Failure to account for this results in significant underestimation of LVM and results in misclassification of a proportion of subjects.