玻切联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障的手术治疗

探讨白内障超声乳化吸除+硅油取出+人工晶状体植入+后囊膜环形切除术治疗玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障的疗效。 方法：回顾分析2007-11/2011-11玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后白内障患者102例102眼,距离玻璃体手术时间3~9（平均6.1）mo,采用玻璃体腔灌注,先行白内障超声乳化手术,前房注入黏弹剂,行硅油置换,然后人工晶状体植入,环形后囊切开,观察术中、术后并发症,术后视力等。 结果：术后 4wk,102例102眼中,97眼视力不同程度提高,5眼术后视力无改善;后囊破裂2例,无晶状体核坠入玻璃体,无脉络膜脱离。 结论：玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后行白内障超声乳化吸除+硅油取出+人工晶状体植入+后囊膜环形切除术治疗玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障,可有效减少术中、术后并发症,同时避免二次手术所带来的风险。     

玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化术

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析39例(39眼)玻璃体切除硅油填充术后并发性白内障病例的临床资料,白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术8眼,超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术18眼,其中以上2种术式均行玻璃体腔灌注;无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化白内障摘出术折叠人工晶状体植入13眼,比较3种方法术后视力、手术并发症情况.结果 视力提高囊外摘出术7眼,玻璃体腔灌注加超声乳化术16眼,无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化术12眼.视力不提高的原因均与眼底有关.与手术无关.结论 无玻璃体腔灌注超声乳化具有更安全、微创、恢复快的优点,是玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障首选的手术方式.     

后极性白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠型人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的：探讨小切口超声乳化治疗后极性白内障的手术技术以及术中、术后并发症的处理方法。方法：46例患者(61只眼)，年龄38-78岁，平均57岁。在表麻下行颈侧透明角膜隧道切口的超声乳化，并对后囊下混浊斑块行剥离吸除、环形撕后囊或剪除混浊的后囊及折叠型人工晶状体植入术。结果：51只眼后囊膜完整，其中6只眼有后囊膜混浊；在10只后囊膜破裂眼中，4只眼有玻璃体脱出需行前段玻璃体切割术，并有1只眼晶状体皮质软壳沉入玻璃体腔引起葡萄膜炎及继发性青光眼需再次行后段玻璃体切割。58只眼人工晶状体囊袋内固定，3只眼睫状沟固定。结论：对后极性白内障行超声乳化手术时，谨慎处理后囊下混浊斑块，可以减少术中、术后的并发症，明显提高患者的术后视力。眼科学报2003；19：92-94     

玻璃体切除手术后的白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术探讨

目的:评价玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)后白内障的超声乳化(phacoemulsification,Phaco)联合人工晶状体植入术(intraocular lens implantation,IOL)的临床疗效,并讨论手术技巧。方法:所有41例42眼PPV后白内障患者行激光联合超声乳化白内障手术(phacoemulsification and intraocularlens,Phaco+IOL),其中11例11眼采用玻璃体腔液体灌注+Phaco+IOL,30例31眼行Phaco+IOL,观察比较术后视力、并发症等。结果:术后1mo时矫正视力(correctedvisualacuity,CVA)较术前CVA有统计学意义的提高(P=0.002),术中玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA与非玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA比较无统计学差异(P=0.052),术后39眼CVA有不同程度的提高,术后1moCVA<0.3者19眼主要与原有眼底病有关;42眼超声乳化同期植入后房型人工晶状体,所有患者手术中均有不同程度前房深度的大幅度变化伴随瞳孔直径变化,术中发现悬韧带断裂5眼,术中后囊破裂6眼,晶状体物质掉入玻璃体腔3眼,术中发现晶状体物质与后囊紧密粘连4眼;术后并发症包括角膜水肿23眼,后发性白内障4眼,视网膜再脱离2眼。结论:在PPV后白内障行Phaco+IOL术是目前理想的手术方法,对于有复杂超声乳化因素的病历,有复杂玻璃体和眼底病史的病历,超声乳化中放置后节眼内灌注是安全而有效的。     

糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除术后的白内障手术

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除术后白内障手术的特点,及其临床疗效的观察.方法 对26例糖尿病视网膜病变已做过玻璃体切除术的白内障患者,手术时首先建立玻璃体腔灌注系统,以维持眼内压力,然后施行白内障超声乳化手术,手术切口全部采用巩膜隧道切口.玻璃体腔硅油充填眼先施行白内障超声乳化手术,然后行眼内硅油取出术.非硅油眼术中可以见到前房的深浅出现异常变化.手术中为减轻前房深度的异常变化,应控制灌注压力及抽吸负压.对白内障核的超声乳化操作与后囊膜保持一定的距离,或先进行充分地水分离将白内障核脱出囊袋后再进行超声乳化.所有术眼均植入后房型人工晶体.术后随访时间4～27个月.结果 26例(26只眼)均成功地进行白内障超声乳化手术及后房型人工晶体植入手术.并发症主要有短暂角膜轻度水肿、一过性高眼压、个别病例玻璃体少量出血及脉络膜水肿等.最后一次随访时,22只眼视力较术前有不同程度改善,其中8只眼视力＞0.3.未发生角膜失代偿、爆发性出血及视网膜脱离等严重并发症.术后视力改善不明显的病例均存在糖尿病黄斑病变及视神经病变.结论 糖尿病视网膜病变曾施行玻璃体切除术的白内障患眼,由于玻璃体被广泛切除和眼球内微血管的异常,手术中的低眼压甚至发生眼球塌陷,将可能导致严重眼内出血等危险.因此,术中建立玻璃体腔液体灌注系统以维持术中的眼内压,手术结束时保持住眼内压,对减少术中及术后并发症的发生至关重要,使手术更安全、可靠.患者术后视力有不同程度改善.     

无灌注前段玻璃体切割在超声乳化手术中晶状体不全脱位的应用

目的 观察无灌注前段玻璃体切割术处理超声乳化手术中出现晶状体不全脱位的效果及安全性。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 20例（20眼）超声乳化手术中出现晶状体不全脱位患者。方法 手术中应用黏弹剂注入晶状体下的玻璃体腔内及晶状体核裂缝内,用无灌注20 G玻璃体切割头从透明角膜主切口进入,在囊袋内切割、抽吸晶状体核、皮质及脱入前房的玻璃体;其间在晶状体下及囊袋内补充黏弹剂,直至完全清除晶状体核、皮质及脱出的玻璃体。17眼脱位范围超过2个象限,行折叠三片式后房型人工晶状体（PC-IOL）双襻睫状沟固定术;3眼脱位范围在2个象限以内,行囊袋张力环植入并后房型人工晶状体（CTR+PC-IOL）植入。主要指标 眼压,视力,并发症。结果 20例患者术中未出现核下坠、眼内明显出血等严重并发症,均植入PC-IOL。术后第1天7例患者眼压升高,应用降眼压药物治疗后恢复正常。术后1个月患者视力较术前提高2~8行,10例（50%）患者视力≥0.5。结论 无灌注前段玻璃体切割术可较好地处理超声乳化手术中出现的晶状体不全脱位,为术中处理此类并发症提供了一个新的选择。（眼科, 2012, 21: 90-92）     

超声乳化术中人工晶状体前囊夹持植入的临床观察

目的:观察超声乳化术中人工晶状体前囊夹持植入法的临床效果。方法:对白内障超声乳化术中撕囊口过小21例21眼、后囊破裂6例6眼、囊袋宽松1例2眼采用前囊夹持法植入后房型人工晶状体,术后观察视力、人工晶状体位置及后发性白内障情况,术后随访6～24mo。结果:术后3mo视力0.3以上6眼,0.5以上13眼,0.8以上10眼,人工晶状体位置稳定,后发性白内障发生率与囊袋内植入相近,未发现其它与固定有关的并发症。结论:白内障超声乳化术中采用前囊夹持法植入后房型人工晶状体效果良好,是超声乳化术中出现撕囊口过小、后囊膜破裂等并发症的一种有效补充手段。     

晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中植入囊袋张力环的临床观察

目的：探讨晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中植入囊袋张力环的疗效.方法：对15例（15眼）晶状体半脱位白内障患者行超声乳化吸出术＋囊袋张力环＋后房型人工晶状体植入术.结果：15例（15眼）晶状体半脱位白内障患者,均顺利植入了囊袋张力环及后房型人工晶状体.术后患者视力均得以提高,人工晶状体位正,后囊膜平整,无皱缩,混浊,无明显手术并发症.结论：在晶状体半脱位白内障患者中植入囊袋张力环可提高手术的安全性,防止术后人工晶状体偏位,降低了后发性白内障的发生率.     

玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊术治疗晶状体脱位

目的探讨玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊术治疗晶状体脱位的临床疗效。方法选取晶状体脱入玻璃体内的患者30例(30眼),其中眼球钝挫伤引起的晶状体全脱位25眼,针拨白内障术后晶状体全脱位2眼,白内障摘出术中晶状体核脱入玻璃体内3眼。根据脱入玻璃体内的晶状体核硬度不同采用不同的手术方法,行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除及人工晶状体悬吊植入术,必要时行硅油填充。术后随访0.5～1a,观察视力、眼压及并发症等情况。结果本组患者行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除及人工晶状体悬吊植入术19例(19眼);玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊植入术10例(10眼);玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及硅油充填术1例(1眼)。术后视力:0.1～0.3者16眼,0.3～0.5者9眼,0.5以上者5眼;术后继发青光眼3眼,经降眼压治疗后恢复正常范围。术后随访期间未发现视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血、人工晶状体偏位等并发症。结论玻璃体切割联合超声乳化及人工晶状体悬吊植入术治疗晶状体脱位是一种安全、有效的方法。     

状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法　对16例患者行晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果　3～10个月随访中,所有患者术后视力都有不同程度提高,视力05以上者6例(375%),02～04者7例(4375%),01以下者3例(1875%)。结论　玻璃体切割术中行晶状体超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,能够获得良好视力而无严重并发症,是治疗白内障合并眼后段病变一种较理想的手术。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.