部分脾动脉栓塞术对肝硬化脾功能亢进患者免疫功能的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）对肝炎肝硬化脾功能亢进（脾亢）患者免疫功能的影响。方法 收集2016年7月至2019年5月昆明医科大学第一附属医院收治70例肝炎肝硬化并脾亢行PSE术患者,采集外周血分析PSE术后机体细胞免疫及体液免疫的变化。结果 ①脾亢后机体CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK及B细胞均低于正常值下限,但CD4+/CD8+值位于正常值范围内。②PSE术后1、3、6和12个月CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、B及NK淋巴细胞较术前明显增高（P＜0.05）,但CD4+/CD8+值仍位于正常值范围内。③PSE术后1、3、6和12个月IgA、IgM、IgG较术前无明显变化（P＞0.05）。结论 脾亢后机体免疫功能是处于平衡状态;PSE术对机体免疫功能（细胞免疫及体液免疫）无明显影响。     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进患者后免疫变化研究进展

【摘要】 部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进（脾亢）的临床效果确切,但其对患者免疫功能的影响仍存在争议。该文主要对脾脏解剖与其免疫功能、脾亢病理改变与免疫、脾亢后免疫功能变化以及PSE对机体免疫功能的影响等方面研究进展进行综述。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术支架选择和释放位置研究进展

【摘要】 门静脉高压症是终末期肝病的血管并发症。经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）通过支架植入建立分流道降低门静脉压力,其安全性和有效性已经证实。目前TIPS术有多种支架可供选择,释放位置也不相同。该文就支架直径,裸支架、覆膜支架类型,是否充分扩张,初始支架位置及穿刺位置等研究进展作一综述,以期对临床实践有一定指导意义。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝性脑病研究进展

【摘要】 经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）已在临床上大规模应用。TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压所致并发症效果显著,但术后肝性脑病（HE）发生率高。该文就TIPS术后HE发生机制、分型和分级、危险因素及治疗作一综述。     

采用专用覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术2年随访观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨专用覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗肝硬化的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月至2018年12月在南方医科大学南方医院接受Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗的连续117例肝硬化患者临床资料。其中男86例,女31例;年龄25～75岁,平均（50.89±11.26）岁。手术前后门静脉压力梯度（PPG）比较采用t检验,GraphPad Prism 8.0软件分析术后分流道累计通畅率、累计生存率、肝性脑病累计发生率和肝癌累计发生率。 结果 支架植入成功率为100%。术后患者PPG由术前平均（23.19±5.92） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）降低至平均（10.19±3.81） mmHg（P＜0.05）。围手术期死亡4例（3.4%）。113例患者随访3～36个月,平均（23.16±7.65）个月。随访期分流道再狭窄发生率为2.7%（3/113）;总体肝性脑病发生率为15.9%（18/113）,显性肝性脑病为5.3%（6/113）;病死率为8.0%（9/113）;肝癌发生率为6.2%（7/113）。2例接受肝移植术。 结论 采用Viatorr支架行TIPS术治疗肝硬化安全有效,中期分流道通畅率高,肝性脑病发生率较低。     

早期经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血患者的meta分析

【摘要】 目的 meta分析比较早期经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）和内镜治疗（ET）对肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血（AVB）患者的治疗价值。方法 检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库,纳入建库至2020年2月1日有关早期TIPS和ET治疗肝硬化AVB对照试验研究,采用Stata 16.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 共检索相关文献893篇,最终纳入6项研究,涉及1 806例患者,其中TIPS组424例,ET组1 382例。TIPS组控制肝硬化AVB患者5 d内出血显著低于ET组（Log OR=－2.00,95%CI=－2.89～－1.12,P＜0.05;I2=0%,P=0.75）,早期（5 d至6周）再出血显著低于ET组（Log OR=－1.47,95%CI=－1.99～－0.94,P＜0.05;I2=0%,P=0.59）,1年病死率显著低于ET组（Log OR=－0.69,95%CI=－1.32～－0.07,P=0.03;I2=52.79%,P=0.08）,非严重并发症发生率较ET组低（Log OR=－0.89,95%CI=－1.62～－0.17,P=0.02;I2=0%,P=0.40）。结论 早期TIPS治疗肝硬化AVB患者的有效性和安全性均优于ET,可推荐用于治疗大部分肝硬化AVB患者。     

经颈静脉行肝内门体分流术患者的护理

门静脉高压症是肝硬化失代偿期的表现之一,可引起食道、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血危及患者生命.经颈静脉行肝内门体分流术(TIPSS)与双囊三腔管压迫、药物及内窥镜下注射硬化剂等止血方法相比能降低门静脉压力,具有创伤小,适应症广、并发症少等优点.现将护理体会介绍如下:     

经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝细胞癌临床应用评价

目的 探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)后肝细胞癌(HCC)的安全性和近期效果.方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年12月在徐州医科大学附属医院接受TACE治疗的41例HCC患者临床资料.其中20例TACE术前存在TIPS治疗患者为观察组,同期21例TACE术前无TIPS治...     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术前外周血炎症指标对术后肝性脑病的预测价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨基于全身炎性反应相关血液指标评分系统预测经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）后肝性脑病（HE）的价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年2月至2019年12月在四川省人民医院接受TIPS治疗的106例肝硬化患者临床资料。将TIPS术前患者超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、全身免疫- 炎性指数（SII）、改良Glasgow预后评分（mGPS）纳入单因素分析,获取有统计学意义的变量及临床认为与HE发生密切相关的变量后,进行二元logistic回归多因素分析。结果 多因素分析结果显示,hsCRP（P=0.025）、门静脉压力梯度下降百分比（PPG%）（P=0.022）与TIPS术后HE密切相关。NLR、PLR、SII、mGPS与TIPS术后HE均无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。联合hsCRP与PPG%构建的预测模型曲线下面积（AUC）为0.723。 结论 除PPG%外,hsCRP是TIPS术后HE的独立危险因素。     

原发性肝癌伴门脉高压的肝脾联合栓塞对肝功能的影响

目的　分析经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE)及部分脾栓塞术 (PSE)联合治疗对原发性肝癌 (HCC)患者的肝功能影响。方法　原发性肝癌合并门脉高压及脾功能亢进患者 85例 ,4 5例经TACE及PSE联合治疗 ,4 0例单纯行TACE治疗。治疗前后观察肝功能指标及Child Pugh评分变化。结果　术前 ,A、B两组患者的TBIL、ALT、ALB及Child Pugh评分比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,术后 1周与术前比较 ,两组均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ;长期观察 ,TACE加PSE组治疗前后肝功能改善较单纯TACE组明显。结论　TACE联合PSE是治疗肝癌合并门脉高压及脾亢患者安全、有效的方法。     

部分脾脏栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的临床研究

目的 :探讨部分脾脏栓塞术对肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的治疗价值。方法 :应用PVA颗粒 ,对 4 6例门脉高压肝硬化合并脾脏机能亢进的患者施行经脾动脉部分脾脏栓塞术 ,随访术后不同时间窗内疗效并对比研究了栓塞前后的门静脉和脾静脉血流速度的变化。结果 :4 6例患者成功施行了经脾动脉栓塞技术 ,达到了临床预期的治疗目标 ,消除了脾机能亢进的症状 ,无严重并发症发生 ,白细胞和血小板术后 2 4h即有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,4周后恢复正常水平保持平稳。脾静脉和门静脉血流速度手术后明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随访 6～ 2 1个月 ,脾机能亢进的症状未复发。结论 :部分脾脏栓塞术简便微创安全 ,治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并脾机能亢进疗效好 ,值得临床推广应用。     

The outcome of partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism in the cirrhotic patients

Background

Although partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been widely used for treatment of leucocytopaenia and thrombocytopaenia in cirrhosis, only few studies evaluate both benefits and complications of it.

Objective

To evaluate outcome of partial splenic embolization benefits on both platelet and leukocytes counts and its complications in treatment of cirrhotic patients.

Patients and methods

Cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism-induced thrombo-cytopenia underwent partial splenic embolization (PSE). From All patients complete history and full clinical examination were taken and subjected to Laboratory investigations. After PSE was performed, the precise extent of embolization was calculated on CT examinations 2 weeks after PSE. Prophylactic antibiotics was given for 5 days after PSE. All patients were then followed up at the outpatient clinic. Peripheral blood cell parameters including white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were monitored prior to PSE, on the 3rd, 14th, 30th day after PSE, and subsequently at 3-month intervals during the 2-year follow-up period. The complications associated with PSE were appropriately recorded. All patients underwent abdominal CT scanning before and 2 weeks after PSE.

Results

Twenty three patients were included in this study. 13 (57%) males and 10 (43%) females with mean age 42.37 years. PSE was successfully performed in all 23 patients. Post-embolization syndrome 91.3% (21/23) was the most frequent side effect. Other minor complications as puncture site hematoma occurred to one patient at site of femoral artery. Severe complications occurred in eight patients (34.8%). two patients had a large amount of pleural effusion and ascites. One patients developed bacterial peritonitis and died of septicemia. One patient complicated by splenic abscess. One patient had recurrent thrombo-cytopenia and treated by PSE. Portal vein thrombosis was found in one patient. One patient presented with huge splenomegaly and improved after splenectomy. Post-PSE, the platelets and leukocytes counts showed increase in the number. Best results obtained with larger splenic infarction area but in the expense of more major complications.

Statistical analysis

Blood parameters were compared using paired t test. P < 0.05 means significant differences.

Conclusion

PSE is a useful treatment in patients with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis. PSE is safe in advanced disease patients, not suitable for splenectomy, with good long-term effect on the hematological parameters and a reduction in bleeding episodes from esophageal varices.     

肝移植急性排异患者外周血Th17及调节性T细胞的特征及意义

目的 探讨肝移植术后急性排异患者外周血中Th17细胞、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)的变化特征及临床意义.方法 2011年1-9月解放军302医院肝移植研究中心收治的肝移植术后患者25例,根据移植组织穿刺活检病理结果分为急性排异组(排异组,12例)和非排斥稳定组(稳定组,13例),另选取13名健康体检者作为对照.采用流式细胞分析法检测外周血中Th17、Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例,观察Th17/Treg比值变化及其与肝脏损伤的关系.结果移植术后排异组外周血中Th17占CD4+T细胞的比例(3.50％±0.86％)明显高于稳定组(2.10％±0.52％)和对照组(1.79％±0.42％,P＜0.01),稳定组和对照组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).排异组和稳定组患者外周血中Treg占CD4+T细胞的比例(分别为0.90％±0.25％、1.51％±0.23％)明显低于对照组(2.57％±0.79％,P＜0.01),且排异组明显低于稳定组(P＜0.05).排异组Th17/Treg比值(4.20±1.69)明显高于稳定组(1.43±0.47)及对照组(0.75±0.28,P＜0.01),且稳定组明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).Th17/Treg比值与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酸转氨酶(GGT)水平呈正相关(分别为r=0.5023,P=0.0105; r=0.4561,P=0.0219;r=0.4393,P=0.0280; r=0.5516,P=0.0043).结论 肝移植术后急性排异反应患者外周血中存在Th17/Treg失衡,且与肝脏损伤有一定关系.Th17/Treg失衡可能参与了肝移植术后急性排异反应的发生发展过程.     

微波消融治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的并发症分析及其防治

目的 分析肝硬化脾功能亢进微波消融(MWA)治疗所致的并发症及预防、治疗.方法 选择40例于2016年6月到2018年12月治疗的肝硬化脾功能亢进患者,共进行了41例次MWA治疗.术后观察分析与MWA治疗相关的并发症及预后.结果 40例患者中出现严重并发症3例,其中脾脏出血1例,急性溶血致肾衰竭1例,皮肤烫伤致腹壁脓肿...     

Small-diameter TIPS combined with splenic artery embolization in the management of refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients

PURPOSEMaximally decreasing portal pressures with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is associated with improved ascites control but also increased encephalopathy incidence. Since splenic venous flow contributes to portal hypertension, we assessed if combining small-diameter TIPS with splenic artery embolization could improve ascites while minimizing encephalopathy.METHODSFifty-five patients underwent TIPS creation for refractory ascites. Subjects underwent creation of 8 mm TIPS followed by proximal splenic artery embolization (group A, n=8), or of 8 mm (group B, n=6) or 10 mm TIPS (group C, n=41) without splenic embolization. Data were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTSIn group A, median portosystemic gradient decreased from 19 mmHg to 9 mmHg after TIPS, and 8 mmHg after subsequent splenic artery embolization. In groups B and C, gradient decreased from 15 mmHg to 8 mmHg and 16 mmHg to 6 mmHg. All patients except for one in group A and two in C had greater than 50% reduction in the number of paracenteses in 3 months. Any postprocedural encephalopathy incidence was 62%, 50%, 83% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Overall, 20% of subjects with 10 mm TIPS required TIPS reduction/closure compared to 7% of subjects with 8 mm TIPS.CONCLUSIONWe found that 8 mm diameter TIPS provided similar ascites control compared to 10 mm TIPS regardless of splenic embolization. While more patients with 10 mm TIPS required reduction/closure for severe encephalopathy, the study was underpowered for definitive assessment. Splenic embolization might have the potential to further decrease portosystemic gradient and ascites as an alternative to dilation of TIPS to 10 mm minimizing the risk of encephalopathy, but larger studies are warranted.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement to manage refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis is effective and associated with increased survival (1–3). This, however, comes at the cost of increased hepatic encephalopathy (3). While maximizing shunting with larger diameter stent-grafts (for example 10 mm) is associated with higher incidence of encephalopathy (4, 5), smaller stent-grafts (such as 8 mm) may be insufficient to fully control ascites (6). Optimal shunt diameter therefore remains controversial.Since ascites is directly related to increased portal pressure (7, 8), other options to decrease it might be considered in addition to TIPS placement, rather than increasing shunt diameter. Proximal splenic artery embolization has been demonstrated to lower portal pressure (9) and therefore could also help managing refractory ascites. We hypothesize that the addition of proximal splenic artery embolization to 8 mm diameter TIPS has the potential for improving ascites control while minimizing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Avoiding overshunting from TIPS could also minimize the risk for cardiac and hepatic decompensation considering the interplay between decompensated cirrhosis and associated cardiac dysfunction (10).This exploratory study describes the experience of combining 8 mm TIPS with proximal splenic artery embolization for managing refractory ascites and compares it to controls that had 8 mm or 10 mm TIPS placement with no splenic embolization.     

Evaluation of liver parenchymal blood flow with contrast-enhanced US: preliminary results in healthy and cirrhotic patients

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine whether changes in hepatic parenchymal blood flow in cirrhotic patients can be evaluated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) after Levovist administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten normal volunteers, 16 Child A and 16 Child C cirrhotic patients were evaluated with contrast-enhanced US. Frames obtained at progressively increasing pulse intervals of 2, 4, 7, and 10 seconds in the same scan plane during infusion of Levovist (300 mg/mL, 150 mL/h) have been digitally recorded. Pulse intervals versus signal intensity (PI-SI) plots were fitted to a straight line whose slope is proportional to the speed of blood in the liver parenchyma. Enhancement differences in late phase have been evaluated measuring the SI after 7 minutes from the beginning of the infusion. RESULTS: The slope of the PI-SI plot of the Child A cirrhotic patients was significantly lower than the slope of the normal controls (P < 0.05); conversely, no significant differences were found between the slope of the patients with Child C cirrhosis and that of the normal controls. In comparison with the normal subjects, the average SI at late phase decreased significantly both in patients with Child A (P < 0.05) and Child C (P < 0.001) cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: Microbubble contrast agents could provide a noninvasive tool to detect and monitor hemodynamic changes that occur in the cirrhotic liver. Changes in the hepatospecific properties at late phase have also been demonstrated.     

高压氧对脊髓损伤患者外周血CD34+细胞及白细胞的影响

目的 观察高压氧治疗对脊髓损伤患者外周血CD34+细胞及白细胞的影响.方法 将符合研究标准的21例脊髓损伤患者分为2组,对照组10例,高压氧组11例.对照组行常规治疗(手术治疗、营养神经等药物治疗及针刺),高压氧组在常规治疗基础上加高压氧治疗,1次/d,连续20d.2组于治疗前及治疗后第5、10、20天取静脉血,分别行外周血白细胞及CD34+细胞绝对值检测.结果 高压氧治疗后外周血CD34+升高(P＜0.05),白细胞计数无显著变化(P＞0.05).外周血CD34+细胞绝对值轮廓图显示2组变化趋势不同,高压氧组有明显升高趋势,而对照组无明显变化.结论 多次高压氧治疗可动员脊髓损伤患者的骨髓干细胞释放至外周血,使外周血CD34+细胞绝对计数保持在较高水平;而对白细胞计数无明显影响.