门静脉支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗门脉癌栓12例

目的 介绍用门静脉支架联合125I粒子条对合并门脉癌栓的肝癌患者的综合治疗方法.方法 汇集自2014年以来中国医科大学附属盛京医院放射科收治的肝癌合并门脉癌栓的患者12例,分析其临床、影像、实验室检查资料,完成经皮经肝门静脉穿刺及支架联合125I粒子条植入术,统计手术的可行性、安全性及并发症,讨论支架的通畅情况及患者的生存情况.结果 手术成功12例(100％),2例支架未开通,其中1例并发穿刺点出血,1例并发呕血.10例患者接受随访,平均随访时间8.0个月(2～15个月),平均生存时间8.0个月(2～15个月).术后3、6和9个月及1年生存率分别为7/9、7/9、5/8和3/6.门脉支架平均通畅时间7.5个月(0～15个月).术后3、6和9个月、1年门静脉通畅率分别为7/9、6/9、5/8和3/6.随访期内共8例患者行后续TACE治疗,共行TACE 18例次,术后肝功能稳定.结论 门静脉支架联合125I粒子条植入可以降低癌栓分级、维持支架通畅、保证门脉供血、扩大TACE适应证,对合并门脉癌栓的肝细胞癌患者具有较大的综合治疗价值.     

经导管动脉化疗栓塞术联合经皮 125I粒子植入序贯治疗肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓

目的评价经导管动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合经皮125I放射性粒子植入序贯治疗肝癌伴门脉主干瘤栓的临床疗效及安全性。 方法2010年1月至2012年3月48例确诊为肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓患者,TACE术后1周进行经皮门脉瘤栓125I放射性粒子植入序贯治疗。随访时间12-24月,对比序贯治疗前后各项临床指标、影像学的变化,以评价其疗效及安全性。 结果48例患者共接受215次TACE治疗,平均每例患者4.5次,每例患者平均植入粒子数16枚,技术成功率100%,全组未出现治疗相关性死亡,肝内病灶客现缓解率为37.3%（18/48）。瘤栓3个月后影像复查平均回缩3.9mm,完全缓解（CR）15例,部分缓解(PR)25例,稳定（SD）6例,进展（PD）2例,总有效率（CR+PR）为83.3%。门脉主干内径恢复大于80%共41例（85.4%）。1年生存率和2年生存率分别为47.9%,33.33%,中位生存时间为15.8月。48例患者术后3个月患者的肝功能、血常规与术时比较,P=0.028,差异均无统计学意义。 结论TACE联合经皮125I放射性粒子植入序贯治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓是一种有效安全的方法。     

125I粒子条联合门静脉支架及化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

目的 评估125I粒子条联合金属支架门静脉内植入+动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓的疗效.方法 选取17例原发性肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓患者,行125I粒子条联合门静脉内支架+TACE.粒子植入数量17～23粒(6711型,0.7 mCi/粒),第1个半衰期组织内平均吸收剂量为73.51～76.22 Gy.疗效和不良反应评价指标包括:术后并发症,肝肾功能及血常规改变等.采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者的生存时间、支架通畅时间、累积生存率和累积支架通畅率.结果 所有患者门静脉支架和125I粒子条均成功植入,未发生手术相关严重并发症.术后随访2～13个月,12例存活,5例死亡(肝功能衰竭4例,多发转移1例).60、180和360 d的累积支架通畅率为94%、94%和94%;累积生存率为87%、65%和53%.结论 125I粒子条联合金属支架门静脉内植入+动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓可以提高支架通畅率,延长生存时间.但远期效果尚需进一步观察.     

125I粒子植入联合动脉化学栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

目的 探讨125I粒子结合动脉化学栓塞治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析不能行手术治疗的原发性肝癌伴Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型门静脉癌栓的23例患者的临床资料,男20例、女3例;年龄34 ～ 70岁,平均(56±8)岁;肝内原发肿瘤1～15个(中位数为4个).23例门静脉癌栓的平均直径为(20.5±1.5) mm,平均长度为(37.4±2.6) mm.所有患者均行动脉化学栓塞治疗肝内原发病灶,同时经皮穿刺门静脉癌栓内125I粒子植入治疗门静脉癌栓.通过治疗计划系统计算出处方剂量、所需粒子数、粒子的空间分布、粒子放射性活度、匹配周边剂量等参数,然后在CT监视下,依次在肿瘤的不同层面及位置植入125I粒子.结果 每例患者动脉化学栓塞治疗次数1.0～6.0次,平均(3.1±0.4)次;门静脉穿刺粒子植入次数1.0 ～2.0次,平均(1.4±0.5)次;植入粒子数4～ 17枚,平均(7±1)枚.患者生存期3～24个月,中位生存期18个月.患者3、6和12个月生存率分别为91.3％ (21/23)和69.6％( 16/23)和60.9％( 14/23).所有患者均未见与治疗相关的严重并发症发生.结论 125I粒子植入联合动脉化学栓塞治疗,可以显著延长伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌患者的中位生存期.     

CT引导下125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓的疗效评价

目的探讨CT引导下^125I放射性粒子植入联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的疗效。方法回顾性分析原发性肝癌合并PVTT患者58例,A组（26例）行TACE结合CT引导下^125I放射性粒子植入局部放射治疗;B组（32例）单纯行TACE。对比两组疗效。结果 A组1、2年生存率分别为42.3%、23.0%,平均生存期15.5个月,完全缓解（CR）3例,部分缓解（PR）9例,总有效率（CR＋PR）为46.2%（12/26）。B组1、2年生存率分别为21.9%、6.3%,平均生存期7.5个月CR2例,PR6例,CR＋PR为25.0%（8/32）。A组的生存率及总有效率显著高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论 TACE联合CT引导下^125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝癌门脉癌栓能明显提高其疗效,并具有创伤少,并发症少等优点。     

125I粒子植入联合高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床价值

目的 探讨125I粒子植入联合高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年10月19例125I粒子植入联合HIFU治疗的肝癌PVTF患者(男17例,女2例,平均年龄50岁;Ⅰ～Ⅲ级分别为8、7和4例)的临床特征及生存资料,125I剂量为90～ 120 Gy,单个粒子活度为18.5 MBq;HIFU参数:频率0.85 mHz,总治疗时间33～70 min,平均辐照功率300～ 400 W.随访评估疗效及不良反应(3～ 24个月),观察治疗前后癌栓大小的变化、术后并发症及患者生存率等;采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者生存率.结果 19例患者均顺利完成治疗,未发生严重并发症.术后1个月复查,癌栓均有不同程度缩小.术后1个月随访,19例中PR 9例,SD 4例,PD 6例.随访3～24个月,平均生存期为(11.6±3.0)个月,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级中位生存期分别为13.5、7.0和4.0个月;1年和2年生存率分别为47.4％与7.9％.结论 125I粒子植入联合HIFU治疗肝癌PVTT,局部疗效肯定,创伤小且并发症发生率低.     

门脉粒子支架联合载药微球栓塞治疗肝癌7例

目的 探讨门静脉放射性粒子支架植入联合载药微球经肝动脉化学栓塞术(DEB-TACE)治疗肝细胞肝癌(HCC)伴门静脉主干癌栓(MPVTT)的可行性和安全性.方法 前瞻性单臂研究,7例确诊患者顺序入组接受治疗,比较门静脉支架植入前后门静脉压力变化,术前和术后1～3 d、4d和5～7 d肝功能变化的差异,总结并发症发生情况.结果 7例患者均为BCLC-C期,Child-Pugh A～B级.均为巨块型肝癌,左肝1例,右肝6例,门静脉左支癌栓1例,右支癌栓6例,均伴有MPVTT.所有患者均顺利进行放射性粒子支架门静脉内植入联合DEB-TACE治疗.支架植入前后门静脉平均压力分别为15.3和10.2 cmH20,压力下降明显.血清总胆红素(TB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)术后一过性增高,3～4 d后逐渐下降,TB恢复较ALT、AST慢.2例患者伴心肌损害,2～3 d后逐渐恢复.结论 联合应用放射性粒子支架门静脉内植入和DEB-TACE治疗HCC合并MPVTT是安全可行的,远期疗效需进一步研究.     

CT引导下I125粒子组织间植入治疗难治性肝癌

目的评估CT引导下125I粒子组织间植入治疗难治性肝癌的安全性和疗效。方法 40例经临床或病理确诊局部未控难治性肝癌患者,其中原发性肝癌27例(门静脉癌栓2例),转移性肝癌13例,在CT导向下行125I粒子组织间植入术。术前采用治疗计划系统(TPS)计算布源,125I粒子活度为0.6~0.8 m Ci,外周匹配剂量(MPD)100~140 Gy。粒子植入手术均在局麻下进行,采用经皮肝穿刺,利用单针或多针技术,平行于肿瘤/癌栓长轴方向,间隔0.5~1 cm逐一植入。采用m RECIST评估近期疗效。KaplanMeier法分析中位肿瘤进展时间(m TTP)和中位总生存时间(m OS)。结果手术操作成功率100%。肿瘤直径1.5~12.0 cm(平均4.0 cm),共植入125I粒子1 748枚(平均每例植入44枚)。近期有效率37.5%(CR 8例,PR 7例),SD 37.5%(15例),疾病控制率(DCR)75%。m TTP 7.0个月(95%CI:4.524~9.476个月),m OS10个月(95%CI:6.901~13.099个月),手术相关不良反应包括,包膜下少量出血2例(5%),粒子肝内游走2例(5%),肝区疼痛不适1例(2.5%),均无需特殊处理;1例(2.5%)术后3 h出现寒战高热,给予对症解热处理。结论 CT引导下125I粒子永久性组织间植入补救治疗难治性肝癌不仅安全,且有效,值得临床进一步推广。     

恶性上腔静脉综合征的综合介入治疗

目的 评价介入法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析20例SVCS患者的临床资料.男12例,女8例,年龄35～63岁.20例患者均伴有颜面、上肢水肿等临床表现.全部患者使用支架置入,治疗前后测量梗阻流入端血管内压力.4例患者随后行CT导向下125I粒子植入术,2例行支气管动脉化疗灌注术.结果 20例患者均完成支架置入术.术后症状均有明显改善.支架置入术后梗阻流入端静脉压力由(35.48±7.65) cmH2O降至(7.53±2.30) cmH2O,其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).6例患者术后行125I粒子植入术或支气管动脉化疗灌注术,复查提示完全缓解1例,部分缓解3例,稳定2例.结论 支架置入术是一种安全、有效治疗SVCS的方法,介入治疗能够参与原发病灶的治疗.     

TACE+门静脉支架联合血管内植入碘-125粒子链治疗肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合门静脉支架及血管内植入碘-125粒子链治疗肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓患者的临床疗效.方法 选取120例接受TACE治疗的肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予TACE+门静脉支架+腔内植入碘-125粒子链治疗,对照组给予TA-CE+门静脉支架治疗.观察两组患者的技术成功情况,不良事件发生情况及术后的生存情况、支架通畅情况;两组间比较采用卡方检验或t检验.结果 两组患者的技术成功率均为100％.观察组和对照组的中位生存期分别为14.5个月(95％CI 9.1 ～20.4个月)、8.2个月(95％CI 5.1 ～14.9个月),差异具有统计学意义(t=3.485,P＜0.05);观察组1年的累积生存率为41.7％ (25/60),对照组为15.0％ (9/60),差异具有统计学意义(x2=5.403,P＜0.05);观察组和对照组支架中位通畅期分别为15.2个月(95％ CI 10.5 ～ 22.7个月)、7.7个月(95％ CI 5.2 ～15.3个月),差异具有统计学意义(t=2.925,P＜0.05);观察组1年的支架累积通畅率分别为56.7％(34/60),对照组为25.0％ (15/60),差异具有统计学意义(x2=3.974,P＜0.05).结论 TACE+门静脉支架+血管内植入碘-125粒子链治疗肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓可显著延长患者生存时间,提高生存率,具有良好的临床应用前景.     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。