多溴联苯醚的环境暴露及健康危害

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为阻燃剂广泛用于家庭消费品中,是正在受到全球关注的新环境污染物。人类主要通过食物、室内空气污染等暴露PBDEs。过去30年,环境中与人体内的PBDEs水平不断增高。实验研究资料显示,PBDEs具有内分泌干扰作用,影响甲状腺激素和性激素。PBDEs具有肝脏毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性、发育毒性,但毒作用机制不明确。人群研究资料非常匮乏。环境监测资料表明中国存在PBDEs环境暴露,而我国在PBDEs健康影响方面的研究几乎空白,应该引起重视。     

人体内多溴联苯醚暴露水平及主要来源的研究进展

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为性能优良的阻燃剂得到了广泛的应用，但是毒理学研究发现，PBDEs具有生殖毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰作用，环境和人体PBDEs暴露水平的增加已引起了越来越多的关注。现有的研究发现，不仅人体血清、母乳及脂肪组织都存在着可检测的PBDEs，而且浓度较30年前呈现出明显的上升趋势，婴儿和儿童的暴露量更是高达成人的数倍。PBDEs的职业暴露多来自于从事电子电器加工及生产的相关工作，而室内灰尘则是儿童暴露的主要来源。     

室内环境中多溴联苯醚污染及人体暴露研究进展

多溴联苯醚作为一种性能优异的溴代阻燃剂广泛添加于各类室内消费产品中,但是在产品使用过程中多溴联苯醚会被不断释放进入室内环境,从而危害人体健康。本文通过综述国内外相关研究,从室内空气及尘土中多溴联苯醚的污染分布特征和人体暴露水平两个方面阐述室内环境多溴联苯醚污染对人体健康的影响,并提出未来可能的关注点。     

多溴联苯醚致癌效应研究进展

作为一种新型持久性有机污染物,多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)广泛存在于大气、水、土壤等多种环境介质中,能够通过食物链在生物组织中富集,对神经、生殖、免疫等多种器官产生毒性作用,其环境影响和毒性效应已引起国内外研究学者的高度关注。尤其PBDEs的潜在致癌性将对动物和人类造成难以想象的威胁。本文主要对PBDEs的分类组成、性质等做了概述,重点介绍了PBDEs致癌效应及机制研究,并对PBDEs致癌机制的研究方向进行了展望。     

室内环境中多溴联苯醚污染及人体暴露研究进展北大核心CSCD

多溴联苯醚作为一种性能优异的溴代阻燃剂广泛添加于各类室内消费产品中,但是在产品使用过程中多溴联苯醚会被不断释放进入室内环境,从而危害人体健康。本文通过综述国内外相关研究,从室内空气及尘土中多溴联苯醚的污染分布特征和人体暴露水平两个方面阐述室内环境多溴联苯醚污染对人体健康的影响,并提出未来可能的关注点。     

多溴联苯醚健康效应的研究进展

多溴联苯醚是一种在消费品中广泛应用的溴系阻燃剂,由于其具有亲脂性、持久性、远距离迁移性和生物富集等特点,容易在环境和人体中聚积,对人产生健康危害,主要有肝脏毒性、内分泌干扰作用、生殖毒性、免疫毒性和神经毒性等.该文主要从实验研究和人群流行病学调查两方面对近年来国内外关于PBDEs健康效应研究进行综述.     

多溴联苯醚污染对母婴健康影响研究进展

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)因工业生产导致其在环境中广泛存在, 并可以通过食物链在生物体内蓄积。妇女儿童通过消化道摄入该物质, 可导致癌症、内分泌紊乱、神经损伤等疾病, 并且影响妇女生殖健康和儿童生长发育。由于多溴联苯醚在生物体内代谢的复杂性, 其在人体内的代谢过程和毒性作用机制尚不明确, 还有待于进一步研究证实。     

深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平和特征及人体呼吸暴露分析

目的 揭示深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平和特征,并初步分析当地人群的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)呼吸暴露量.方法 采用大流量主动采样装置,利用同位素稀释的高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用(HRGC/HRMS)方法,对6个行政区域、11个采样点位中的大气(含颗粒和气相)中7种多溴联苯醚单体浓度(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-153,BDE-154,BDE-183)进行检测分析,并采用呼吸速率、肺泡中气体交换的空气比率等参数,对当地人群的多溴联苯醚呼吸暴露量进行分析.结果 深圳市大气中∑7PBDEs的浓度范围为8.28 ～ 168.86pg/m,平均浓度为29.03 pg/m.丰水期和枯水期样品浓度存在季节差异,丰水期多溴联苯醚的浓度高于枯水期.BDE47和BDE-99在两个时期均是丰度较高的构型,但在枯水期所占比例有所下降,单体分布趋于平均化.深圳市民多溴联苯醚的日呼吸暴露量成人为4.72 pg/kg,儿童为10.74 pg/kg.结论 深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平高于英国、韩国、日本的大阪和京都的城市水平;但是低于国内的广州、北京等城市已经报道的水平.儿童多溴联苯醚的呼吸暴露量明显高于成人,应该引起足够的重视.     

多溴联苯醚神经发育毒性的研究进展

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是溴系阻燃剂的一种,广泛应用于工业生产中。近年来,环境与人体组织、血液、母乳中的PBDEs水平逐年增高。动物实验证实孕鼠暴露于PBDEs可以引起子代小鼠学习和记忆能力改变,PBDEs可以影响内分泌系统和产生氧化应激作用,进而影响神经系统的发育。本文基于相关研究资料探讨了PBDEs的神经发育毒性。 更多还原     

多溴联苯醚对甲状腺激素干扰毒性的研究进展

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为阻燃剂广泛用于工业产品和家庭消费品中,是正在受到全球关注的持久性有机污染物。过去25年,环境中及人体内的PBDEs水平不断增高,尤其是乳汁和居住环境灰尘中含量较高,是婴幼儿暴露的主要途径。PBDEs可引起实验动物循环甲状腺激素水平降低、甲状腺细胞形态结构改变等甲状腺毒性。其毒作用机制可能涉及PBDEs对甲状腺激素转运蛋白、甲状腺激素代谢及甲状腺激素受体的影响。本综述基于国内外对PBDEs分子毒理学的研究成果,在扼要介绍其性质的基础上,综合论述PBDEs产生甲状腺激素干扰毒性以及可能的生物学毒性机制,并分析目前PBDEs毒理学研究中存在的问题,展望未来PBDEs分子毒理学的研究方向。     

Neurodevelopment of Infants with Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

The study aimed to examine the impact of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on infant neurodevelopment. PBDEs levels in 36 cord blood samples were analyzed with a high-resolution-gas-chromatograph/high-resolution-mass-spectrometer and infant neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The mean and median of Σ(11)PBDEs were 6.63 and 4.63?ng/g lipid, respectively. As compared to the lower PBDEs group (Σ(11)PBDEs??4.63?ng/g lipid) had a significantly higher actual odds ratio (OR?=?1.13, p?相似文献   

多溴联苯醚的胚胎毒性

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一种非常优质的阻燃剂,在日常生活中有广泛的应用,但由于PBDE及其代谢产物OH-PBDEs具有扰乱甲状腺素作用而被研究学者关注。本文对PBDEs和OH-PBDEs引起的早期胚胎毒性及对去碘酶的影响作了相关综述。     

多溴联苯醚的环境分布

持久性有毒物质（PTS）与臭氧层破坏和温室效应一样并称为21世纪影响人类生存与健康的三大环境问题。多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为PTS的一种由于其对人体健康造成的危害日益引起各国科学家的关注。该文就PBDEs在世界范围内各种环境介质中的含量及分布情况作一综述。     

多溴联苯醚的神经毒性作用机制研究进展

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一种重要的工业阻燃剂,广泛存在于环境介质和生物体内.有研究表明,PBDEs对动物神经系统有毒性作用,能影响神经内分泌激素的释放、干扰信号转导通路、影响神经递质传递、改变神经系统发育关键蛋白的表达、诱导神经细胞凋亡.环境监测资料表明中国存在PBDEs环境暴露,而我国在PBDEs对神经系统影响方面的研究十分有限,应该引起重视.该文从神经内分泌激素、信号转导通路、神经递质受体、神经系统发育关键蛋白、神经细胞凋亡5个方面对多溴联苯醚的神经毒性机制进行概述,并对今后相关领域研究方向提出思考.     

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Serum of Pregnant Women: Levels,Correlations, and Potential Health Implications

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of flame retardants, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analysed in serum samples of pregnant women from Denmark to provide information about their exposure and to study indications of common exposure pathways. The main BDE congener was the fully brominated BDE-209 with a median value of 7.5 ng/g lipid (46 pg/mL; 9.8 pmol/g lipid). Other BDE congeners decreased in the order BDE-47 > BDE-99 > BDE-153. The summed concentration of tri- to hepta-BDEs was 7.7 ng/g lipid, i.e. in the higher end of previously reported concentrations from Europe, including plasma samples of pregnant Danish women. Total lipid contents were relatively low, on average 5.9 g/L (9.0 mmol/L). The main PFAS compound was perfluorooctane sulfonate with a median concentration of 8.4 ng/mL. Other PFASs decreased in the order perfluorooctanoic acid > perfluorononanoic acid > perfluorodecanoic acid > perfluorohexane sulfonate and resulted in a ΣPFAS of 12 ng/mL. Within each group, compounds were highly intercorrelated with the exception of BDE-209, which was not correlated with any of the other compounds. No correlations were found either between PFASs and PBDEs suggesting different sources of exposure and/or pharmacokinetic and metabolisation processes. PBDE and PFAS concentrations were in the range associated with adverse effects in some epidemiological studies.     

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Human Serum and Sperm Quality

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants; currently, they are identified as ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Several studies indicate that PBDEs might affect male fertility. We present the results of a pilot study on the relationship between human serum PBDEs and sperm quality. The PBDE levels in Japan are comparable to those found in European countries. Strong inverse correlations were observed between the serum concentration of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether and sperm concentration (r = -0.841, p = 0.002) and testis size (r = -0.764, p = 0.01). Extensive studies on the relationship between PBDEs and sperm quality are required.     

Lactational Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Its Relation to Social and Emotional Development among Toddlers

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. PBDEs have been linked to adverse neurodevelopment in animals and humans.Objectives: We investigated the association between breast milk PBDE levels and social and emotional development in toddlers.Methods: The Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition (PIN) and PIN Babies studies followed a cohort of North Carolina pregnant women and their children through 36 months of age. Breast milk samples obtained at 3 months postpartum were analyzed for PBDEs. The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) was completed by mothers when children were approximately 30 months of age (n = 222). We assessed the relationship between breast milk concentrations of five PBDE congeners—BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153—and children’s social and emotional development, adjusting for other factors.Results: A small, imprecise, yet consistent positive association was apparent between BDEs 47, 99, and 100 and increased externalizing behaviors, specifically activity/impulsivity behaviors. Externalizing domain T-scores ranged from 30 to 87 with a mean of 47.8. Compared with those with BDE-47 concentrations below the median, adjusted externalizing behavior domain scores were 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): –1.2, 4.4] and 2.8 (95% CI –0.1, 5.7) points higher for children born to women with breast milk concentrations in the 3rd and 4th quartiles, respectively. PBDEs were not associated with other social and emotional developmental domains.Conclusions: Our results, although imprecise, suggest a subtle association between early-life PBDE exposure and increased activity/impulsivity behaviors in early childhood. Confirmation of these results is needed in other longitudinal studies.