老年非结核分枝杆菌肺病的高分辨率CT表现

目的 探讨老年人非结核分枝杆菌肺病的高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月北京老年医院经实验室检查确诊的非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病患者65例,按照年龄分为2组:老年组(年龄≥60岁)31例,中青年组(年龄＜60岁)34例。总结分析31例老年组NTM肺病患者的一般资料及HRCT影像特征,同时对老年组和中青年组NTM肺病患者临床资料进行对照分析。采用SPSS 22.0 软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用例数(百分率)表示,组间比较采用χ²检验。结果 老年组31例NTM肺病患者中,男性20例(64.5%),病变累及5个肺叶22例(71.0%),支气管扩张26例(83.9%),条索影26例(83.9%),肺结节25例(80.6%),胸膜增厚16例(51.6%),肺内空洞14例(45.2%)。老年组NTM肺病患者男性数量明显少于中青年组,差异有统计学意义[20(64.5%)和29(85.3%),χ²=3.773,P=0.049];老年组NTM肺病患者右肺中叶支气管扩张、全肺叶支气管扩张、肺内钙化灶、胸腔积液、纵膈淋巴结钙化或密度增高及肺间质纤维化发生情况分别为16例(51.6%)、6例(19.6%)、18例(58.1%)、11例(35.5%)、13例(41.9%)、5例(16.1%),均高于中青年组[7例(20.6%)、0例(0.0%)、10例(29.4%)、2例(5.9%)、5例(14.7%)、0例(0.0%)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.826、15.660、5.429、7.127、6.004、5.941;均P＜0.05)。结论 老年NTM肺病累及范围广,肺内表现多样,全肺叶支气管扩张为主要特征性表现,右肺中叶支气管扩张常见。     

特发性肺间质纤维化X线及HRCT的诊断价值分析

目的分析胸部X线及高分辨CT(HRCT)在特发性肺间质纤维化(IPF)诊断中的价值。方法 58例IPF患者分别行胸部X线和HRCT影像学检查,并随访分析其动态变化与临床疗效及患者预后之间的关系。结果 IPF患者胸部X线主要表现:在两肺基底部的周边出现磨玻璃阴影,网状、网结状阴影为特征,常为双侧,不对称,伴肺容积减少。IPF患者HRCT主要表现:①磨玻璃样影及实变影;②囊状、蜂窝征;③胸膜下线影、网状影;④结节影;⑤小叶中心型肺气肿;⑥两下肺牵拉性支气管柱状及囊状扩张。结论特发性肺间质纤维化HRCT不仅能显示胸片无法显示的特殊表现,还能动态性观察和判断临床疗效及疾病预后。     

类风湿性关节炎累及胸部的CT诊断价值

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）合并肺间质病变的临床特点及CT表现。方法回顾我院2006年10月—2010年12月36例RA并发肺间质病变的临床及CT改变。结果 36例患者胸部X线平片主要表现为：两肺纹理增粗,肺间质及胸膜改变不明显;常规CT扫描表现为：肺间质的改变及胸膜病变;肺高分辨CT〈HRCT〉可见到更丰富的影像学改变,主要有肺磨玻璃样变,小蜂窝样囊腔改变,小叶间隔增厚,网格影及胸膜下微结节和小结节。结论 RA引起的肺部换害,特别是间质性肺病,由于早期症状还明显,在临床工作中易被忽视或延误诊断,因此有必要提高临床医生和患者对RA所致肺损害的认识,提示临床医生对相关因素的RA患者尽早作胸部CT扫描,特别是肺HRCT检查,以早期了解RA浸润肺部的程度及估计预后。     

继发于干燥综合征的间质性肺病21例临床分析

目的探讨继发于干燥综合征(Sjogren′s syndrome,SS)的间质性肺病(interstitial lung disease ILD)的诊断治疗方法。方法对21例继发于SS的ILD患者的临床表现、肺部X线、HRCT、肺功能、实验室检查及治疗情分析。结果本组继发于SS的ILD患者的主要临床症状为咳嗽、气促。肺部HRCT主要表现为肺容积缩小、网格影、毛玻璃影、胸膜下小叶间隔增厚、胸膜下弧线影、牵拉性小支气管扩张、胸膜增厚粘连,在诊断方面优于胸部X线。肺功能检测异常主要为弥散功能降低和限制性通气障碍。实验室检查多见血沉增快,自身抗体阳性,免疫球蛋白升高。经糖皮质激素单用或联合细胞毒性药物治疗,临床症状有改善。结论继发于SS的ILD的诊断主要包括:临床表现、肺功能、肺部影像学、相关实验室检查。糖皮质激素和细胞毒性药物对继发于SS的ILD患者有良好疗效。     

并殖吸虫病患者不同临床时期的胸部CT表现及其临床意义

目的 探讨并殖吸虫病不同临床时期的胸部CT表现及其临床意义.方法 收集2000年11月至2007年12月上海市肺科医院实验室检查证实为并殖吸虫病的患者48例,男30例,女18例.年龄9～66岁,平均31.4岁.均行胸部CT平扫,部分加增强扫描.结果 48例并殖吸虫病患者的胸部CT表现为支气管周围炎样改变9例;肺浸润性改变13例,胸部CT表现为单侧或双侧斑片状影,边缘模糊,部位及形态易变,少数病例可见特征性的"隧道"征;结节和肿块11例;囊状影及空洞6例;胸腔积液9例.并殖吸虫病患者不同临床阶段的胸部CT表现不同,感染早期表现为支气管周围炎样及浸润性改变,并出现胸腔积液;中期表现为结节、肿块、囊肿及空洞;稳定期表现为附壁结节、空腔、胸膜增厚或钙化.结论 并殖吸虫病患者不同时期的胸部CT表现不同.并殖吸虫病的诊断需密切结合临床资料和CT表现.     

系统性硬化症肺部高分辨率CT影像学表现分析

目的探讨系统性硬化症(SSc)肺部高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像学特征。方法回顾性分析2013-02~2017-04该院临床确诊15例SSc肺部HRCT影像学表现。结果 15例SSc患者肺部正常4例,表现以两肺外围分布为主的间质性纤维化11例。HRCT主要表现支气管血管束扭曲变形、小叶间隔增厚,可见条索状影、胸膜下线及弧形线9例,呈网格状改变7例。沿支气管血管束及小叶间隔分布小结节状影,胸膜下见小结节影10例。单纯以磨玻璃样改变5例,轻度胸膜增厚或少量胸腔积液9例。小片状实变影及蜂窝肺4例。结论 HRCT显示SSc的间质性细微病变,在SSc的诊断和随访治疗中具有重要价值。     

肺结核患者咯血责任血管及其相关胸部CT表现的分析

目的分析肺结核患者咯血责任血管及其相关胸部CT表现,以期提高支气管动脉介入栓塞(BAE)的治疗效果。方法收集我院2017年10月至2020年10月在本院行胸部CTA及BAE治疗的94例患者的临床及影像资料。总结肺结核不同胸部CT表现与咯血责任血管之间的关系。结果94例患者经CTA检查共发现187支咯血责任血管,其中支气管动脉(BA)124支,非支气管性体动脉(NBSA)63支(多位于肋间动脉及锁骨下动脉);DSA发现咯血责任血管192支,以DSA为诊断“金标准”,CTA对咯血责任血管的检出率为97.4%;35例(占37.2%)病灶周围可见支气管动脉分支局限性迂曲、扩张,供血支气管动脉平均内径为(2.0±0.7)mm;肺结核伴咯血患者胸部CT发现病灶多位于多肺叶,病灶以弥漫性分布为主,多无胸腔积液,此外伴空洞、钙化、支气管扩张及淋巴结钙化等,均与咯血责任血管来源无明显相关性(P>0.05),病灶性质、胸膜增厚程度及结核病灶与增厚胸膜之间关系与咯血责任血管来源明显相关(P<0.05),其中咯血责任血管来源于BA的肺结核伴咯血患者,病灶病变以增殖、渗出为主,邻近胸膜增厚程度多较轻微或没有增厚且增厚胸膜无或轻度黏连者居多,而咯血责任血管来源于BA合并NBSA的肺结核伴咯血患者肺部病变以纤维化为主,邻近胸膜增厚明显,且肺部病灶与增厚胸膜紧密粘连者居多。结论肺结核伴咯血胸部CT表现与咯血责任血管来源关系紧密,可通过胸部CT表现提示咯血责任血管是否源于NBSA,可帮助提高BAE的治疗效果。     

肺结核患者咯血责任血管及其相关胸部CT表现的分析

目的分析肺结核患者咯血责任血管及其相关胸部CT表现,以期提高支气管动脉介入栓塞(BAE)的治疗效果。方法收集我院2017年10月至2020年10月在本院行胸部CTA及BAE治疗的94例患者的临床及影像资料。总结肺结核不同胸部CT表现与咯血责任血管之间的关系。结果94例患者经CTA检查共发现187支咯血责任血管,其中支气管动脉(BA)124支,非支气管性体动脉(NBSA)63支(多位于肋间动脉及锁骨下动脉);DSA发现咯血责任血管192支,以DSA为诊断“金标准”,CTA对咯血责任血管的检出率为97.4%;35例(占37.2%)病灶周围可见支气管动脉分支局限性迂曲、扩张,供血支气管动脉平均内径为(2.0±0.7)mm;肺结核伴咯血患者胸部CT发现病灶多位于多肺叶,病灶以弥漫性分布为主,多无胸腔积液,此外伴空洞、钙化、支气管扩张及淋巴结钙化等,均与咯血责任血管来源无明显相关性(P>0.05),病灶性质、胸膜增厚程度及结核病灶与增厚胸膜之间关系与咯血责任血管来源明显相关(P<0.05),其中咯血责任血管来源于BA的肺结核伴咯血患者,病灶病变以增殖、渗出为主,邻近胸膜增厚程度多较轻微或没有增厚且增厚胸膜无或轻度黏连者居多,而咯血责任血管来源于BA合并NBSA的肺结核伴咯血患者肺部病变以纤维化为主,邻近胸膜增厚明显,且肺部病灶与增厚胸膜紧密粘连者居多。结论肺结核伴咯血胸部CT表现与咯血责任血管来源关系紧密,可通过胸部CT表现提示咯血责任血管是否源于NBSA,可帮助提高BAE的治疗效果。     

隐源性机化性肺炎随访期影像学演变23例分析

目的回顾性分析隐源性机化性肺炎(COP)采用或未采用糖皮质激素治疗随访期影像学的改变。方法选择南京中医药大学中西医结合鼓楼临床学院2004年11月至2011年7月收治的有临床表现、实验室检查、经活检诊断、影像学表现支持的COP患者42例,分析其中有随访期影像学检查资料的23例的影像学及临床改变演变特征。结果 23例COP患者中男12例,女11例,年龄16～80岁,平均51岁,随访时间平均为6.2个月,最短30 d,最长14个月。在起始的高分辨CT(HRCT)中,常见的肺部异常表现为多发性斑片状、气腔实变影、网状影,实变影主要分布在胸膜下区和双肺下叶,沿支气管血管束分布或随机分布,多数伴有磨玻璃影,牵拉性支气管扩张及条索状影,部分病例有病灶游走的表现。糖皮质激素治疗20例,1例病灶完全吸收,17例实变影、磨玻璃影等高密度影在一定范围内缩小,3例网格状阴影范围缩小,1例网格状阴影没有改变,2例出现双肺野的网格状阴影,2例复发。未用激素治疗3例,3例病灶均明显缩小。结论 20例(91%)COP对激素治疗有良好反应,大部分的患者(82%)在随访的CT中有剩余病灶,部分未采用激素治疗病例可自然缓解。随访期胸部CT追踪检查有利于了解治疗效果及预后。     

低剂量薄层MSCT与直接HRCT在间质性肺疾病检查中的对比研究

目的对比研究低剂量薄层MSCT与直接HRCT在间质性肺疾病检查中的临床应用价值。方法选取2017年8月-2018年10月医院诊治的100例间质性肺疾病患者,分别行胸部直接HRCT检查和低剂量薄层MSCT检查,对比分析两种检查方法的扫描时间和辐射剂量间的差异,及两种检查方法在观察间质性肺疾病CT征象方面的差异及一致性。结果低剂量薄层MSCT组的扫描时间和辐射剂量显著低于直接HRCT组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);低剂量薄层MSCT下双肺内磨玻璃样密度影、蜂窝状影、肺大泡、肺实变、小结节及含气囊腔等CT征象与直接HRCT基本一致;对于微小结节、线样影像征象,如:胸膜下弧线影、网格状影、牵张性毛细支气管扩张影、支气管血管束增粗,低剂量薄层MSCT图像显示清晰度略低于直接HRCT,但不影响诊断。结论间质性肺疾病患者采用低剂量薄层MSCT检查诊断效果理想,能够满足临床需求,可基本取代直接HRCT作为诊断间质性肺疾病的主要手段。     

An elderly case with nontuberculous mycobacteria acompanied by unilateral massive pleural effusion following the video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer

We report an elderly case with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Four years after left lung upper lobectomy due to lung cancer by the video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), an 81 year-old patient complained of general fatigue and appetite loss. Although he did not exhibit fever or respiratory tract symptoms, a Chest X ray film revealed unilateral massive pleural effusion in the left lung. NTM (Runyon classification type II) was grown in the sputum culture. Neither mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA nor M. avium-intracellulare complex DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was 127.6U/l. NTM was considered as the most probable diagnosis. After admission his condition and appetite improved. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed reduction of left pleural effusion, but another pulmonary nodule lesions were sustained. Although the abnormal findings on chest CT did not totally resolve, we did not prescribe antituberculosis drugs, based on the comprehensive assessment of his NTM disease state. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of HTM in elderly cases was discussed.     

结核性胸膜炎发病早期的CT征象及其动态变化特点的分析

目的 分析结核性胸膜炎发病早期的CT征象及其动态演变的特点,提高诊断准确率。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院于2015年3月至2017年2月确诊为结核性胸膜炎的38例患者的影像资料。研究对象中包括男16例,女22例;年龄21~61岁,平均年龄为(35.74±11.92)岁;所有患者均在初次发病7~10d内就诊。分析研究对象发病早期的CT检查资料,提取CT表现特点及征象。结果 38例研究对象中,发生于单侧胸膜病变者34例。其中,病变位于左侧胸膜者18例,位于右侧胸膜者16例,双侧同时出现病变者4例;累及纵隔胸膜者14例(累及左侧纵隔胸膜者6例,累及右侧纵隔胸膜者8例),累及叶间裂胸膜者34例;出现包裹性胸腔积液者38例,出现胸膜下小叶间隔增厚者24例,出现胸膜下条索状影者24例。CT动态随访过程中,37例患者胸膜增厚程度减轻;1例患者在开始治疗6个月复查时增厚程度加重,最厚约1.1cm,12个月再次复查增厚的胸膜较前吸收减轻。随访过程中所有患者胸腔积液均表现吸收减少,胸膜下小叶间隔增厚表现为吸收减少,胸膜下条索状影亦逐渐减少、减薄。另有22例患者在随访中出现胸膜结核瘤。结论 结核性胸膜炎发病早期行CT检查可发现单侧胸膜增厚且不光滑、叶间裂受累伴多发粟粒状改变及微结节,以及包裹性胸腔积液、胸膜下小叶间隔增厚及条索状影等征象,可作为其诊断依据。     

Pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease: comparison of characteristics in patients with AFB smear-positive sputum.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive sputum specimens. DESIGN: The initial clinical and radiographic features of 229 PTB patients were compared with those of 70 patients with NTM lung disease. The most commonly involved organisms in the NTM lung disease cases were Mycobacterium avium complex (n = 38, 54%) and M. abscessus (n = 26, 37%). RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic findings that were more common in patients with NTM lung disease than in PTB patients were: older age (P < 0.001), non-smoker (P < 0.001), history of previous TB treatment (P < 0.001), absence of pleural effusion (P = 0.017), involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones (P = 0.007), and bilateral disease (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (> or = 40 years), non-smoker, previous TB treatment, absence of pleural effusion and involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones were significant independent predictors for NTM lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable overlap in the clinical and radiographic appearances of PTB and NTM lung disease. The isolation and identification of causative organisms are mandatory for a correct diagnosis in patients with AFB-positive sputum specimens.     

A case of pulmonary mycobacterium intracellulare infection complicated with pneumothorax and pleurisy

A 74 year-old female complaining of increased cough and sputum was admitted to our hospital on June 14th 2004. She had been diagnosed as Mycobacterium intracellulare (M. intracellurare) infection since 2002 and had been treated from March to October 2003 in the Department of General Medicine in our hospital. Chest CT on admission showed diffuse small nodular shadows in the lung, a cavity, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion in the right lung. The sputum smear was positive for acid-fast bacilli and sputum PCR examination was positive for M. intracellulare. She was diagnosed as the recurrence of non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection and treatment of NTM infection was started. No other infections were suspected and the pneumothorax and pleural effusion gradually improved with the treatment. We concluded that the pneumothorax and pleural effusion were caused by NTM infection. Since pneumothorax is an extremely rare complication in NTM infections we thought it is worth-while to report our case.     

Intrathoracic Involvements of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Sclerosing Disease

To investigate clinical and radiological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) patients with intrathoracic involvement.A prospective cohort study was performed and IgG4-RD patients were enrolled from January 2011 to March 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, in which the clinical and radiological characteristics of IgG4-RD patients with intrathoracic involvement were summarized.Out of total 248 cases with IgG4-RD, 87 cases had intrathoracic lesions, including 58 male cases and 29 female cases, with average age of 54.19 ± 13.80 years. Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were the most common manifestations of IgG4-related intrathoracic disease, accounting for 52.9% (46/87). Other imaging findings of pulmonary disease included: solid nodular (25.3%), round-shaped ground-glass opacities (9.2%), alveolar-interstitial type (20.7%), bronchovascular type (23.0%), pleural effusion (4.6%), and pleural nodules or thickening (16.1%). Only 27 patients presented with respiratory symptoms, including cough, breathless, chest pain, and asthma. Compared with patients without intrathoracic disease, IgG4-related intrathoracic disease had higher IgG4 and C-reactive protein level, and higher incidence of allergy, fever, and multi-organ involvement. Most of lung interstitial disease, mediastinal mass, and bronchial thickening were sensitive to corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy, while 36.3% (8/22) of solitary nodular lesions were unresponsive to treatment. Eight patients were on no treatment, with 5 cases remained stable, 2 patients improved spontaneously, and 1 patient was lost follow-up.Intrathoracic lesions are not rare in patients with IgG4-RD, involving bronchial thickening, nodules, ground glass opacity, pleural thickening/effusion, lymphadenopathy, etc. Efficacy of corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy were noted in most of patients with lung interstitial disease, mediastinal mass, and bronchial thickening.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液的临床特征分析

目的:分析恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液(TPE)患者的临床特征,以加强对该类疾病的认识,减少误诊误治。方法:收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2012年2月至2020年2月MPM并肺结核/TPE患者病例资料14例,回顾性分析其临床症状、体征、实验室检查,胸部影像特征等,以总结其特点。结果:剧烈且进行...     

High-resolution computed tomography in cases with environmental exposure to asbestos in Turkey

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although all parts of the lung can be affected as a consequence of asbestos exposure, most CT protocols tend to scan only the middle and lower parts of the thorax. The aim of this study was to investigate parenchymal and pleural lesions of persons exposed to environmental asbestos, using a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) protocol scanning the whole thorax. Methods: We analyzed the chest radiographs and HRCT scans of 26 patients who presented bilaterally with multiple pleural plaques related to environmental asbestos exposure. RESULTS: Twenty-four cases (92%) had an abnormal HRCT suggestive of asbestosis. Apart from common HRCT changes related to asbestosis, we detected apical pleural thickening (APT) in 9 cases as well as a coarse honeycomb pattern adjacent to APT in 7 of these cases. Cavitary lesions due to pulmonary tuberculosis were observed on HRCT scans from 4 patients in total. Neither apical pulmonary fibrosis nor cavitary lesions were visible on chest radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the HRCT protocol for examining asbestos-exposed individuals with pleural plaques on chest X-rays should include the whole thorax, since the asbestos-related pathologies may involve all parts of the lung.     

Evaluation of pleural disease with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to distinguish between benign and malignant disease in exudative pleural effusions and pleural thickening. DESIGN: Prospective study of 98 consecutive patients presenting with either pleural thickening or an exudative pleural effusion. SETTING: Department of pulmonary medicine of a university hospital. METHODS: FDG-PET was performed on each subject before invasive procedures were used to determine the etiologic diagnosis. FDG-PET data were analyzed by visual interpretation. RESULTS: Sixty-three of 98 patients were found to have malignant pleural disease after histologic analysis. Sixty-one of 63 patients with histologically confirmed malignant disease showed FDG uptake within the area of pleural thickening. Uptake was graded as intense in 51 cases and moderate in 10 cases. Only two patients with malignant pleural disease did not show increased FDG uptake. FDG-PET imaging showed an absence of FDG uptake, and correctly classified 31 of 35 benign lesions. For the remaining four lesions, intense FDG uptake was seen in one case of parapneumonic effusion, while moderate and localized uptake was observed in one parapneumonic, one tuberculous, and one uremic pleurisy. The sensitivity of the method to identify malignancy was 96.8% with a negative predictive value of 93.9%, while its specificity was 88.5% and its positive predictive value was 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that FDG-PET is an effective tool for differentiating between benign and malignant pleural diseases.     

外科手术在非结核分枝杆菌肺病治疗中的作用探讨

目的 探讨外科手术治疗非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病患者中的作用与疗效。方法 收集2009年1月至2017年12月广州市胸科医院收治的24例NTM肺病患者作为研究对象。其中,男9例,女15例;年龄范围20~73岁,年龄中位数(四分位数)为44.50(30.75,55.00)岁;NTM肺病病程0~6年,病程中位数(四分位数)为1.0(0.5,3.8)年。回顾性分析研究对象病历资料,包括基础疾病、发病特点、临床症状、分枝杆菌培养和菌种鉴定结果、胸部CT扫描结果、手术情况及治疗结果等。 结果 24例患者中鸟-胞内分枝杆菌(MAC)肺病患者11例(45.8%),龟-脓肿分枝杆菌肺病患者13例(54.2%)。患者术前接受了3~18个月的化疗,其中,痰菌阴转1例(4.2%),反复痰菌阳性未阴转者23例(95.8%);肺部病灶反复进展与好转交替/病灶恶化13例(54.2%),空洞增大或未愈且多伴有复合病变17例(70.8%),23例(95.8%)并存以右中叶、左上叶舌段囊、柱状支气管扩张;病灶分布侵犯肺叶1~6个不等,侵犯肺叶中位数(四分位数)为4.0(3.3,5.0)个。所有患者术中和术后均无死亡,其中,全肺切除1例(4.2%)、单肺叶切除术12例(50.0%)、复合肺叶切除11例(45.8%)。术后连续随访1年,19例患者治愈和治疗成功(79.2%);5例治疗失败(20.8%),该5例患者病变侵犯范围在5个或6个肺叶。手术并发症发生率为33.3%(8/24),包括手术残端肉芽组织增生、干酪样坏死2例;胸腔出血、感染5例、伤口愈合不良1例。20例切除病灶患者的分枝杆菌培养阳性14例,阴性6例,术后痰菌阴转并治愈分别为11例和6例,差异无统计学意义(χ ²=0.30,P=0.585)。MAC肺病和龟-脓肿分枝杆菌肺病患者手术治愈分别为9例和10例。结论 手术联合化疗治疗NTM肺病能够提高患者痰菌阴转率及治疗成功率。     

肺淋巴管癌病

目的探讨肺淋巴管癌病（ＰＬＣ）的临床特征，分析相关诊断方法的特点，提高对ＰＬＣ的认识及其诊断水平。方法结合文献资料回顾分析４例临床病例。结果ＰＬＣ在临床上主要表现为咳嗽、气短；肺功能呈正常或限制性通气功能障碍；Ｘ线胸片常见双肺弥漫性网状、网状结节状或结节状等间质纤维样改变，并合并胸腔积液、高分辨ＣＴ可发现小叶间隔的不均匀增厚，不均一的支气管血管束结节状增厚，胸膜不规则增厚，纵隔淋巴结肿大等；胸膜肺组织病理可见胸膜下、肺内淋巴管内癌细胞生长。结论对双肺呈类间质纤维化改变，同时合并胸腔积液和纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者，应进一步行高分辨ＣＴ及胸膜肺组织病理活检，以期排除ＰＬＣ之诊断。