肝脏海绵状血管瘤的介入治疗附32例报告

本文报道３２例经证实的肝脏海绵状血管瘤，行肝动脉插管，用碘化油，明胶海绵进行肿瘤栓塞治疗。可见肿瘤内碘油沉积，达到肿瘤血管闭塞，瘤体缩小，纤维化的目的。并对其治疗机理和疗效、Ｘ线征象和瘤体纤维化的关系进行了分析。     

肝脏巨大海绵状血管瘤碘油栓塞治疗及其血供研究

笔者在肝海绵状血管瘤血供来源研究的基础上，对４５例进行了治疗。２０例行肝动脉支插管，用明胶微球＋碘化油乳剂进行肿瘤栓塞治疗，其中８例经股动脉穿刺肝动脉支插管。均能达到碘油沉积、瘤体缩小的目的。并对其机理、疗效、Ｘ线征象和瘤体纤维化关系进行分析。     

同轴导管超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞治疗肺癌的初步研究

目的：探讨经微导管行超选择性支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞治疗肺癌的可行性，观察碘油在癌灶内的沉积情况及临床疗效。资料与方法：用同轴导管技术将微导管超选择插至17例肺癌患者（男1例，女4例，年龄41－78岁，平均59．5岁）的支气管动脉深部，插管成功者采用碘油化疗栓塞治疗，并于术后1天、1周、4周行CT复查，观察碘油在瘤体内的沉积情况。插管未成功者仅行灌注化疗。结果：超选择插管成功13例（76．5％），术后1天碘油沉积0级1例，Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级7例，Ⅲ级2例。碘油在肺癌组织内沉积多可持续4周以上。治疗后4周有8例肿瘤缩小50％以上，4例缩小25％－50％，1例大小无明显变化。均未出现与栓塞有关的并发症。结论：采用微导管同轴导管系统行超选择性支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞治疗肺癌是一种安全有效的治疗方法，在临床上具有可行性。CT能清楚显示碘油在瘤体内的沉积情况。     

双途径注药术治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的疗效评价

目的探讨经肝动脉栓塞结合经皮瘤体内直接注射治疗肝血管瘤的疗效和价值。资料与方法采用Seldinger技术行肝动脉插管至血管瘤供血动脉,对32例肝海绵状血管瘤注入平阳霉素碘油乳剂(PLE)至血管瘤体大部分充填,用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞供血动脉;对碘油空虚区域再行经皮瘤体内直接注射PLE。定期观察瘤体碘油充填情况,瘤体大小和并发症。结果经肝动脉栓塞结合经皮瘤体内直接注射治疗肝血管瘤后,碘油沉积好,血管瘤体积明显缩小,无严重并发症。结论经肝动脉栓塞结合经皮瘤体内直接注射治疗肝血管瘤具有疗效好,并发症少等优点。     

原发性肝癌腹壁转移的介入治疗

目的探讨对原发性肝癌腹壁转移灶采用介入治疗的方法和疗效。方法对8例原发性肝癌腹壁转移患者行动脉插管灌注化疗、栓塞治疗,或经皮穿刺瘤内无水乙醇注射术。结果7例患者行动脉插管化疗栓塞术获得技术成功,术后5例患者腹壁转移灶内碘油沉积良好;2例患者部分瘤灶内碘油沉积不满意,行分次瘤体内无水乙醇注射术;1例患者动脉插管未能找到供血动脉,单纯采用经皮穿刺瘤体内无水乙醇注射。所有患者瘤灶处腹壁疼痛缓解或消失,3例腹壁体表肿块隆起者,肿块变小,变软。7例AFP升高患者,术后有不同程度下降。1例隆起肿块发生破溃、感染,其他患者未发生严重并发症。结论对原发性肝癌腹壁转移灶采用动脉插管灌注化疗、栓塞治疗,结合经皮穿刺瘤体内无水乙醇注射,对控制肿瘤生长、缓解疼痛,提高生存质量是可行方法之一。     

选择性肝动脉造影联合栓塞治疗肝血管瘤

目的 探讨肝血管瘤的选择性肝动脉造影表现及栓塞的治疗效果.方法　对49例肝血管瘤患者采用平阳霉素-超液化碘油乳剂行超选择性动脉插管行栓塞治疗,观察治疗前和治疗后6、12个月时患者临床症状、血管瘤大小的变化以及出现的并发症.结果 所有患者在术后6、12个月复查CT,见瘤体血供消失,其内碘油沉积良好,并出现瘤体缩小、碘油聚集征象.血管瘤直径由术前为(9.3+2.2)cm到术后6、12个月时分别为(4.2+1.5)cm和(2.0+1.3)cm.治疗前的临床症状治疗后均获缓解或消失.术后均未出现胆囊坏死、胆管狭窄和肝坏死等严重并发症.结论 超选择肝动脉插管平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞治疗巨大肝血管瘤是一种疗效肯定、相对安全较为理想的治疗方法.     

平阳霉素碘油乳剂超选择硬化性栓塞治疗肝血管瘤

目的 总结平阳霉素碘油乳剂行肝动脉硬化栓塞术(TAE)治疗的肝血管瘤的疗效和优缺点.方法 对150例肝血管瘤患者,采用平阳霉素碘油乳剂超选择性动脉插管行硬化栓塞治疗,观察治疗前和治疗后 3、6个月时患者临床症状、肿瘤大小的变化以及出现的并发症.结果 所有患者在术后3、6个月复查 CT,见瘤体血供消失,其内碘油沉积良好,...     

肝血管瘤的选择性动脉造影及栓塞治疗

目的：探讨肝血管瘤的DSA表现及瘤血管栓塞的治疗价值。方法：经股动脉穿刺、插管，选择性或超选择性肝动脉造影后，用超液化碘油加平阳霉素制成的乳剂行瘤血管栓塞治疗肝血管瘤26例，随访6—24个月。结果：瘤体形态呈“爆米花状”、“半弧形”及“环行”，染色时间呈“早出晚归”征象；栓塞治疗后随访21例，12例缩小50％以上；7例缩小50％以内；2例大小无变化，复查彩超瘤体内血流信号均减弱。有效率100％所有患者术后反应轻、并发症少。结论：选择性肝动脉造影及瘤血管栓塞是一种理想的肝血管瘤的诊断和治疗方法。     

介入治疗肝血管瘤的临床研究

目的：探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂超选择栓塞治疗肝血管瘤的临床疗效和治疗体会。方法：对23例肝血管瘤患者,采用平阳霉索碘油乳剂超选择性动脉插管行栓塞治疗,观察治疗前和治疗后6个月、12个月时患者临床症状、肿瘤大小的变化以及出现的并发症。结果：所有患者在术后6个月和12个月复查CT,见瘤体血供消失,其内碘油沉积良好,并出现瘤体缩小、碘化油聚积征象。术前血管瘤直径为（8．1±2．2）cm,术后6个月血管瘤直径为（5．4±1．3）cm,术后12个月血管瘤直径为（3．4±1．2）cm。治疗前有临床症状者治疗后缓解或消失。术后均未出现胆囊坏死、胆管狭窄和肝坏死等严重并发症发生。结论：超选择性肝动脉插管平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞治疗巨大肝血管瘤是一种疗效肯定、相对安全较为理想的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜射频消融治疗肝脏海绵状血管瘤39例临床观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜射频消融治疗肝脏海绵状血管瘤的可行性及实用性。方法：39例共64个瘤体全麻气管插管后，腹腔镜下行射频消融治疗，其中10例同时行胆囊切除术。结果：全部病例治疗效果满意，术后无残留病灶，无明显并发症。结论：腹腔镜射频消融治疗肝脏海绵状血管瘤安全可行，治疗彻底，是一项微创治疗新技术。     

CT manifestations of a ruptured hepatic tumor after transcatheter arterial embolization

There are few reports of the radiologic diagnosis of ruptured hepatic tumors. In a patient with right upper abdominal pain and impending shock, angiography demonstrated a hypervascular hepatic tumor, and CT imaged an extrahepatic mass suggestive of a hematoma. Following transcatheter arterial embolization with Lipiodol Ultrafluide and gelatin-sponge, multiple contiguous CT sections revealed numerous lipiodol droplets adjacent to a lipiodol-containing hepatic tumor, clearly outside the liver. These findings were indicative of a ruptured hepatic tumor. After embolization, the patient's condition improved and he was discharged.     

Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver: a case report

A very rare case of primary carcinoid tumor of the liver that underwent hepatic artery embolization is reported. Computed tomography showed a low-density tumor with little contrast medium enhancement, whereas angiography revealed a slightly hypervascular mass in the liver. The computed tomography findings after hepatic artery embolization showed a marked decrease in attenuation and gas formation.     

无水乙醇-碘化油乳剂栓塞治疗肝脏血管瘤(附八例报告)

目的　探讨无水乙醇碘化油乳剂经导管血管内栓塞（ＴＡＥ） 治疗肝脏血管瘤的方法和效果。方法　回顾性分析８ 例肝脏血管瘤病例,以１∶１ 无水乙醇与碘化油乳剂５ ～２０ ｍｌ 行肝动脉栓塞。结果　所有病例均成功实施了栓塞治疗,其中,５ 例行肝右动脉分支栓塞,１ 例行肝左动脉栓塞,２ 例行肝固有动脉栓塞。栓塞后临床症状减轻、肿瘤血供中断、瘤体缩小及肿瘤内碘化油均匀聚集。结论无水乙醇碘化油乳剂治疗肝脏血管瘤可导致肿瘤完全坏死,疗效肯定,可达到外科手术切除的效果。     

白细胞介素2葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞治疗肝癌的动物实验

目的观察白细胞介素2(IL-2)葡聚糖微球并碘油经肝动脉栓塞后、实验兔肝种植瘤灶的坏死程度及其免疫功能的改变。方法20只肝脏载瘤兔,经肝动脉注入IL-2葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞,栓塞前、后取血测IL-2和sIL-2R,栓塞后1周处死实验兔取瘤灶,进行光、电镜病理学检查,并以空白葡聚糖微球并碘油栓塞行对比观察。结果用药组术后IL-2血浓度明显升高,sIL-2R则明显下降,1周后瘤结节完全坏死,假包膜形成。对照组术后IL-2血浓度回升,sIL-2R下降,瘤结节中心性部分坏死,无假包膜形成。结论IL-2葡聚糖微球组与空白葡聚糖微球组各观察指标的对比分析表明,前者在肿瘤坏死程度、免疫功能促进方面明显优于后者。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节硬化的影像诊断和介入治疗

目的：探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（HAML）合并结节硬化的影像诊断、鉴别诊断和介入治疗。方法：分析2例HAML合并结节硬化的临床表现、影像学表现和介入治疗方法。结果：HAML合并结节硬化具有以下表现;（1）女性2例,无乙型肝炎及肝硬化病史,肝功能及甲胎蛋白正常;（2）超声为多发的边界清楚的强回声肿块,CT为有明确脂肪密度的肿块,DSA为血供丰富,早期肝静脉引流,肿瘤染色明显。（3）10例介入治疗,术后随访42个月病灶有所缩小,另1例肝脏病灶未处理,随访10个月,肝脏病灶无变化。结论：HAML合并结节硬化的影像学表现有一定特征性,超选择动脉栓塞是治疗HAML合并结节硬化的有效方法。     

肝动脉造影及栓塞对肝癌并下腔静脉癌栓的诊疗价值

目的:探讨肝动脉造影及栓塞对肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的诊疗价值。方法:回顾性分析10例肝癌并下腔静脉癌栓的重复肝动脉造影和栓塞的影像学表现及介入治疗意义。结果:10例均在肝动脉造影及栓塞前后显示下腔静脉癌栓血管,8例在栓塞后1~3个月内造影显示下腔静脉癌栓的供应血管增多,癌栓增大,其中2例累及心房。2例下腔静脉癌栓血管不显影。栓塞后癌栓内均见碘油沉积,部分癌栓缩小。结论:原发性肝癌之下腔静脉癌栓由肝动脉主要供血,造影有较好的诊断价值。栓塞对癌栓有一定的治疗作用,不排除有促进癌栓生长的可能。治疗上宜采用综合治疗。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis japonica; CT and angiographic features

One-hundred and fourteen cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which underwent computed tomography (CT) and angiography at the University Hospital of Yamanashi were reviewed. These included 24 cases of HCC associated with hepatic schistosomiasis japonica. Compared with the other cases, radiological features of HCC with schistosomiasis japonica were clarified. Patients with multinodular HCC were most common (13/24), followed by those with single nodular HCC (7/24), while those with massive or diffuse HCC were few (4/24). In patients with marked CT changes (grade III or IV) of hepatic schistosomiasis japonica, most of HCC nodules were disclosed as a mass with homogenous hypodensity surrounded by "shell-like calcifications". Obstruction of the portal vein or its branches due to tumor thrombus was rarely noted (4/24). These features are presumably attributed to periportal fibrosis which is characteristic of heptic schistosomiasis japonica. Because of these features, it is expected that hepatocellular carcinomas with schistosomiasis japonica can be treated by transcatheter arterial embolization more effectively than those without schistosomiasis japonica.     

Resolution of Hepatic Encephalopathy Following Hepatic Artery Embolization in a Patient with Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastatic to the Liver

Hepatic encephalopathy is considered a contraindication to hepatic artery embolization. We describe a patient with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver with refractory hepatic encephalopathy and normal liver function tests. The encephalopathy was refractory to standard medical therapy with lactulose. The patient’s mental status returned to baseline after three hepatic artery embolization procedures. Arteriography and ultrasound imaging before and after embolization suggest that the encephalopathy was due to arterioportal shunting causing hepatofugal portal venous flow and portosystemic shunting. In patients with a primary or metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor whose refractory hepatic encephalopathy is due to portosystemic shunting (rather than global hepatic dysfunction secondary to tumor burden), hepatic artery embolization can be performed safely and effectively.     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with anticancer drug in iodized oil for primary hepatic carcinoma

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using a suspension of anticancer drug in iodized oil combined with Gelfoam embolization was performed in 85 patients with advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. Long-term retention of iodized oil in the tumor was observed in 90% of the cases, and changes in tumor size were observable by abdominal X-ray film on follow-up studies. There was a decrease of tumor size in all cases and the overall 1-year survival rate was 43%. In tumors whose diameter was less than 20 cm and in patients without portal vein thrombosis the survival rate was nearly 60%. Combined treatment with anticancer drug in iodized oil and Gelfoam embolization of the proper hepatic artery was superior to use of the suspension alone. There was also better detection of small cancer nodules by the suspension as compared to conventional angiography.