Effect of dimethylsulfate on the structure and cytoarchitectonics of rat thymus

Changes of structure and cell ratios of different functional zones in the thymus under conditions of long-term dimethylsulfate administration at 0.1 and 2.0 mg/m³ on the organism are studied morphometrically on histological preparations from Wistar rats. Cyclic reactions of the thymus to the toxic substance are found to be due to compensatory processes. It is shown that the nature of the reaction does not depend on the concentration of toxic substance but that the extent of changes is a function of the dimethylsulfate concentration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 96–100, January, 1995     

Correlation between the temperature and morphological asymmetry of human ears and its relation to the mnestic pattern

A correlation is found between the temperature and morphological asymmetry of human ears and the mnestic pattern. The temperature asymmetry at the anterior surface of the ear is more pronounced for brain injury. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 97–98, July, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Chemiluminescence study of the contents of the products of Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation in different fractions of human blood lipoproteins

It is demonstrated that the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation reaches the maximum after about 1-h incubation with Cu²⁺ and then declines. At a Cu²⁺ concentration of about 10–15 μM, the content of lipid peroxidation products is maximal; it does not rise with a further increase in the Cu²⁺ concentration. Comparison of the kinetics of lipid peroxidation in different lipoprotein fractions shows that low density lipoproteins are much more strongly oxidized than high density lipoproteins. A strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the chemiluminescence burst and the diene conjugate content is established in 79 independent measurements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 144–148, February, 1995     

Seasonal dynamics of serotonin in the duodenum of hibernating animals

A correlation is shown between the duodenal content of serotonin in the red-cheeked souslik and the period of hibernation. The serotonin concentration in the tissue is maximal at the beginning of the hypothermia period and minimal at the end of this period. During spontaneous awakening (winter normothermia) the necessary amount of amine is produced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 511–513, November, 1994 Presented by Yu. P. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Metabolic types of regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver of intact animals

A possible relationship between metabolic types of regulation of liver oxidative enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the blood level of cortisol and insulin in intact animals is explored. The liver enzyme activity is found to depend on the initial physiological state of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 421–422, April, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Individual resistance of the organism and nerve cell to hypoxia

The correlation between the pattern of a neuron's reaction to acute hypoxia and individual resistance to oxygen deficit is studied on ratsin vivo as well as on surviving slices of their cerebellumin vitro. According to the survival time in a pressure chamber simulating an altitude of 11 km all the rats were divided into groups of high resistance, medium resistance, and low resistance to hypoxia. Survival time was 4.2 times longer in the high resistance group than in the low resistance group. In the cerebellar slices of high resistance animals 61.5% high-resistance neurons and 38.5% low-resistance neurons were recorded. On the other hand, in the high resistance animals the percentage of high-resistance neurons and low-resistance neurons was 31.2 and 68.8, respectively. The period of hypoxia development was 4.32 times longer in the high-resistance neurons as compared to low-resistance neurons. It is speculated that individual differences in the resistance to O₂ deficit are of a hereditary nature and manifest themselves not only on the level of the whole organism, but also in the individual nerve cell. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 454–457, November, 1994     

Correlation of prolactin concentration with levels of other hormones and with ultrastructural morphometric parameters of the testes in the human fetus

Consideration is given to the correlations between variations of the prolactin concentration and other hormonal parameters in the human embryonic period. The interrelation between the prolactin concentration and ultrastructural parameters of the testes is also traced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 654–656, June, 1995 Presented by O. V. Volkova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural stereological analysis of absolute parameters of cardiomyocytes exposed to contrasting temperature effects

It is shown that moderate low and superlow temperatures as well as general overheating of the organism cause a marked decrease in the total volume of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic matrix in cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle. These alterations develop in all cases and do not depend on changes (an increase or decrease) in the heart mass. The most pronounced alterations in the total volume and area of the main organelles of cardiomyocytes are noted after general cooling of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp 437–441, October, 1995 Presented by V. V. Lyakhovich, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Corrective effect of the bronchodilatatory drugs salbutamol and troventol on the regulatory function of lymphocytes from atopic bronchial asthma patientsin vitro

It is shown that salbutamol and troventol possess bronchodilatatory and immunocorrective effects in bronchial asthma when the intracellular ratio of cyclic nucleotides in the organism is normalized. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 146–149, February, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Activity of NO-synthase and radical formation in rat brain compartments: Age dependence

The relationship between age and the activity of NO-synthase and generation of free radicals in different compartments of the brain was studied in male Wistar rats. No-synthase activity was highest in the cerebellum and lower in the cerebral cortex. It increased with age in the cerebellum and remained unchanged in the cortex, being virtually the same in the right and left hemispheres. Radical generation was much higher in the cerebellum than in the cortex and, as a rule, was age-dependent. The ratio of NO-synthase activity to radical generation was age-dependent: a tendency toward a positive linear correlation was observed in young animals, no correlation could be traced in adults, and a negative one was observed in old rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 54–56, July, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of paraoxon and sulfhydryl reagents on3H-quinuclidinol benzoate and3H-methylscopolamine with synaptic membranes of rat brain

Paraoxon is shown to reduce the density of M-choline receptors in the cortex of rat brain. Inhibition of³H-QNB is noncompetitive and reversible in nature. Sulfhydryl reagents do not affect this process. The mechanism of action of PO is thought to include direct effects on brain muscarine receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 51–53, July, 1994     

EDTA-blood filtration: A positive correlation with lymphocyte number

Blood is filtered through nuclear filters with pore diameter 5 μ under a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm² and 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm². Correlation analysis of the dependence of blood filterability on blood cell count and blood cell adhesiveness is performed. There is a negative correlation between the erythrocyte count and the number of adherent granulocytes. A significant positive correlation is established between blood filterability and the lymphocyte count at a pressure of 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm² but not at a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm². Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 262–264, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. M. Lopukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Comparison of the blood level of endogenous paramagnetics in health and pathology using proton magnetic relaxation

An experimental study is made of the longitudinal proton relaxation timeT ₁ in human serum in health and pathology as a function of the protein concentration using partially lyophilized samples. A comparison of the results with those obtained with modeled aqueous protein solutions and extrapolation of the dependences to the zero concentration demonstrate that the concentration of paramagnetic admixtures is the same in groups of healthy subjects and patients with malignant neoplasms who have reliably differentT ₁ values in native samples. There is no difference in the longitudinal proton relaxation time of the nonaqueous component of the serum between these groups. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 557–560, November, 1995     

Effect of pulsed infrared laser radiation on DNA synthesis in tissues of intact rats and during strenuous physical exercise

The motor zone of the rat brain cortex is subjected to pulsed infrared (0.89 μ) laser radiation, which is found to stimulate DNA synthesis both in intact animals and after strenuous physical exercise (swimming). Preliminary laser irradiation exerts a stress-limiting effect on cells of the brain cortex and thymus but does not prevent swimminginduced reduction of³H-thymidine incorporation in nuclear DNA of muscles. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 625–627, June, 1995 Presented by V. M. Bogolyubov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Specific morphofunctional features of the parietal cells of hibernating rodents in different physiological states

Low pH values of the stomach contents and activation of the parietal cells are revealed during the spontaneous awakening-associated normothermia of red-cheek sousliks. These factors help maintain the acid-base balance in the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 103–106, July, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Accessory groups of nonapeptidergic neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus and adjacent regions of the brain in rats under conditions of dehydration

Study of the hypothalamus and adjacent areas of the brain in adult rats revealed that, along with the osmosensitivity of neurosecretory cells, the transport of vasopressin and oxytocin along their axons and their release from the terminals into the bloodstream are impeded. This is due to the absence of axonal bonds between the accessory groups of neurosecretory cells and the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 268–270, March, 1996     

Comparative study of transport of exogenous radioactive histone administered by various routes

Accumulation of radioactive label in olfactory bulbs is found to outstrip the label content in the blood of animals to which histone is administered intranasally. The concentration of the label in the blood is highest after intraperitoneal injection, but shortly afterwards radioactive histone is detected in the brain as well. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 484–486, May, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Measurement of glucose concentrations in human blood sera with a bacterial biosensor

A laboratory model of a bacterial sensor based on Clarke's electrode is used to measure the glucose concentration in human blood, serum. The results of the measurements are compatible with the data of standard blood glucose measurement using the color reaction with orthotoluidine, which is used in medical biochemical laboratories, and with the results of measurements by means of the commercial glucose analyzer Eksan-G. The coefficients of correlation with the data of the glucose analyzer and of the routine method of glucose measurements were 0.97 in both cases. The accuracy of glucose measurement by the bacterial sensor is within 2%. Translated fromByulleten's Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 218–221, August, 1995     

Damage to the internal organs of experimental animals infected with Marburg's virus

It is shown that in grivets and guinea pigs Marburg's virus reproduces in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in hepatocytes, and in a few endotheliocytes. Marked pathological changes develop in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. A peculiarity of infection in monkeys is the entire absence of morphological manifestations of an inflammatory reaction and of immune system activation. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are thought to play a crucial role in the development of pathological changes in the organism of infected monkeys and guinea pigs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 430–434, April, 1994     

Immunoglobulins of the tumor-bearing host as potential regulators of the tumor recurrence rate and metastasis development: a study on the model of ehrlich carcinoma

On the model of Ehrlich carcinoma transplanted in mice it is shown that following the removal of the primary tumor the organism of operated mice produces factors enhancing the rate of relapses and metastasis. The tumor cells are shown to fix on their surface immunoglobulins capable of enhancing tumor development in the mice. The serum-derived tumor-enhancing immunoglobulins undergo active pinocytosis by the tumor cells. The fall in the level of these immunoglobulins is accompanied by a reduction of the rate of tumor growth. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 62–64, January, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences