睾丸微石症与精索静脉曲张的关系

目的 探讨睾丸微石症的高频超声诊断及与精索静脉曲张的相关性.方法 对8351例年龄为40 d至88岁、有阴囊症状患者的阴囊超声表现进行回顾性分析.结果 在有阴囊症状的患者中睾丸微石症的检出率为2.04%(170/8351),精索静脉曲张的检出率为17.35%(144918351)睾丸微石症者及非睾丸微石症者中精索静脉曲张的发生率分别为15.88%(27/170)及17.38%(1422/8181),二者经统计学处理后差异无统计学意义(X2=0.26,P＞0.05 结论 睾丸微石症为常见病,其与精索静脉曲张之间无明确直接关系.     

Teaching about Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-examination

Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young men. Because some 5,300 new cases of this disorder may be diagnosed annually, with an accompanying 950 deaths from complications, it is important that young males become informed about this potentially dangerous condition. In an effort to meet the educational needs of school health personnel and secondary school pupils, the authors of this paper review the pathology and epidemiology of testicular cancer, the technique of testicular self-examination, and some suggestions for teaching about this subject.     

Testicular Cancer

The treatment of germ-cell tumours of the testis can be considered as a model for cancer management, representing public education, diagnosis and cure with long term follow-up. Psychosocial distress, fertility and secondary tumour induction can also be studied. The aetiology of this disease is largely unknown; however, there is an increasing incidence in several regions such as Scandinavia, the UK and the US. Thus, the institution of preventive measures is needed.At present, large scale screening of at-risk age groups is not justified because of the very low incidence of the disorder and lack of adequate screening tools.Better education regarding the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer at schools and universities, perhaps including testicular self-examination and close follow-up of particular risk groups (those with maldescended testes or orchidopexy) may need more attention.The management of the disease following orchiectomy and staging, both in the adjuvant setting and of patients with metastatic disease, has proved successful with cure rates ranging from 85 to 98% for the majority of patients. The introduction of cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy, careful surveillance and improved diagnostic tools have contributed to the successful treatment of testicular cancer. A small subgroup of patients with poor prognosis (50% cure rate) still need more intensive therapy.Treatment is successful for most patients and more time can be spent reducing acute and late toxicity in long term survivors and studying sociopsychological aspects in these men. Eventually, it may not be necessary for further randomised trials in patients with good prognosis because only minor improvements are being obtained from great efforts and costs.     

Teachers' Beliefs Concerning Teaching about Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination

ABSTRACT: This study compared high school health teachers' beliefs concerning teaching about testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE) to actual instruction. The Teachers' Testicular Cancer Beliefs Survey was developed, using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework. Multiple regression analysis of HBM subscales determined perceived seriousness of TC was the most significant predictor (p < .05) of TC instruction. Perceived barriers to teaching about TSE was the most significant predictor (p < .05) of TSE instruction. Male health educators were more likely (p < .001) than females to teach about TC and TSE. Teachers having previous preparation in TC and TSE provided more instruction (p < .001) than those without. Less than half of respondents provided TC instruction, while TSE instruction was provided by less than one-third. Comprehensive cancer prevention and early detection education, including strategies for teaching about TC and TSE, should be part of each health teacher's training.     

Testicular torsion unravelled

Testicular torsion is a true vascular emergency-prompt diagnosis and surgical management is critical. If treatment is not instigated within 4-6 hours of the onset of pain, irreversible testicular infarction may result, necessitating orchidectomy. This review presents the key features, management principles and medicolegal considerations of this serious condition.     

Testicular cancer awareness

Khadra and Oakeshott found that although awareness of testicularcancer in a GP population was reasonable, less than half