替罗非班治疗老年非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征的临床研究

目的 评价替罗非班治疗老年非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者的有效性和安全性.方法 将符合老年NSTEACS患者68例随机分为治疗组(n=34)和对照组(n=34),行药物保守治疗,治疗组在对照组常规治疗的基础上联合使用替罗非班.比较两组住院期间及出院后3个月内主要心血管事件(MACE)的发生率及出血...     

64-Slice CT coronary angiography in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background

A high diagnostic accuracy of 64‐slice CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has been reported in selected patients with stable angina pectoris, but only scant information is available in patients with non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Objectives

To study the diagnostic performance of 64‐slice CTCA in patients with non‐ST elevation ACS.

Patients and methods

64‐slice CTCA was performed in 104 patients (mean (SD) age 59 (9) years) with non‐ST elevation ACS. Two independent, blinded observers assessed all coronary arteries for stenosis, using conventional quantitative angiography as a reference. Coronary lesions with ⩾50% luminal narrowing were classified as significant.

Results

Conventional coronary angiography demonstrated the absence of significant disease in 15% (16/104) of patients, and the presence of single‐vessel disease in 40% (42/104) and multivessel disease in 44% (46/104) of patients. Sensitivity for detecting significant coronary stenoses on a patient‐by‐patient analysis was 100% (88/88; 95% CI 95 to 100), specificity 75% (12/16; 95% CI 47 to 92), and positive and negative predictive values were 96% (88/92; 95% CI 89 to 99) and 100% (12/12; 95% CI 70 to 100), respectively.

Conclusion

64‐slice CTCA has a high sensitivity to detect significant coronary stenoses, and is reliable to exclude the presence of significant coronary artery disease in patients who present with a non‐ST elevation ACS.Patients with a non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are usually stratified into high and low risk for progression to myocardial infarction or death on the basis of their clinical presentation, ECG changes, biomarkers, electrical or haemodynamical instability, and presence of diabetes mellitus.¹ An invasive management strategy, including conventional coronary angiography (CCA) and revascularisation, is recommended in high‐risk patients, whereas a conservative strategy with ischaemia‐guided revascularisation is recommended in low‐risk patients.^1,2,3 We investigated the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of 64‐slice CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in 104 patients with non‐ST elevation ACS as a first step to evaluate the potential decision‐making role of CT in this patient cohort.     

国产替罗非班在高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗中的应用

目的评价高龄(≥70岁)非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用国产血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的安全性和近期疗效。方法108例行PCI的非ST段抬高ACS患者按年龄分为高龄组(≥70岁,42例)和非高龄组(<70岁,66例),分析两组基础资料特征、即刻手术成功率、出血和血小板减少发生率;观察住院和随访30天期间不良心血管事件(再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭及猝死)。结果高龄组甘油三酯、脂蛋白a高于非高龄组,体重指数和吸烟比例低于非高龄组(P均<0.05);高龄组多支病变比例高于非高龄组(71%比39%,P<0.01);两组PCI即刻成功率均为100%。高龄组发生小出血5例、血小板减少6例;非高龄组小出血2例,血小板减少2例;两组均无大出血发生。高龄组血小板减少及总副反应发生率高于非高龄组(P均<0.05),小出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高龄组住院和随访期间再发心绞痛5例、心肌梗死1例、心力衰竭2例、猝死0例;非高龄组再发心绞痛7例、心力衰竭1例,无心肌梗死和猝死。两组间复合心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄非ST段抬高ACS患者PCI中应用国产替罗非班是安全的。     

非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征药物"冷却"治疗进展

非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS,包括不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死)的发病率正逐年升高,其治疗在过去10年发展迅速.治疗的主要目的包括稳定冠状动脉病变、缓解和限制残余心肌缺血及二级预防;药物斑块"冷却"治疗已成为其治疗基石.目前提倡在药物干预的前提下,对患者进行危险分层,从而决定是否早期进行介入干预.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征临床观察

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTEACS)包括不稳定型心绞痛(UA)和非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI).本文重点回顾在最近五年来本院内科收治的NSTEACS患者的临床资料中,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)以及血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)的临床疗效,为指导基层临床用药总结经验.     

Relation of C-reactive protein to extent and complexity of coronary narrowing in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. A prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory markers have been associated with adverse clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In addition, angiographic plaque morphology and extension of coronary artery disease has been related to worse prognosis in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to determine if the clinical prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, can by associated with the angiographic findings in patients with non-ST elevation ACS. METHODS: This prospective multicenter cohort study included 1253 patients with non-ST elevation ACS. CRP, which was considered positive (+) if >/=3 mg/l, was measured at a median of 9 h from symptoms onset and were kept blinded until the end of the study. Coronary angiography was performed in 633 patients (50%). The presence of complex coronary lesions (CCLs) was defined as the presence of any of the following: thrombus (+), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 相似文献   

Prognostic value of cardiac troponin I in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome

AIM: To elucidate relationship between initial blood levels of troponin I and occurrence of such events as death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, and angioplasty in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. MATERIAL: One hundred one patients aged 32-78 years admitted to coronary care unit within 24 hours after onset of pain including 69 (68.3%) with unstable angina and 32 (31.7%) with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. METHOD: Troponin I was determined by immunoassay, values below 0.4 ng/ml were considered normal. RESULTS. During 30 days of hospitalization there were 16 (35.5%) and 5 events (8.9%) events (p=0.001) among 45 patients who had elevated level of troponin I (group 1) and 56 patients with normal troponin I (group 2), respectively. By 6 months events occurred in 19 (42.2%) and 6 (10.7%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.0004). CONCLUSION: Thus elevated blood level of troponin I in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome has important value for prognosis.     

非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗的远期随访

目的　探讨非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )综合征介入治疗的远期疗效。方法　对 1991年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 2 2 4例进行冠脉介入治疗的病人进行了随访研究 ,随访时间 10～ 10 8个月 ,平均 ( 32 4± 19 5 )个月。根据临床资料分非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组 (n =12 6 )和稳定型心绞痛组 (n =98)。将全部病例的随访情况进行了对比研究。结果　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组和稳定型心绞痛组之间的胸痛 ( 0 71± 0 79和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 ) ,气急、气短 ( 0 2 4± 0 4 8和 0 13± 0 34,P >0 0 5 )和心悸症状 ( 0 89± 1 0 3和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 )的积分差异无显著性。两组间超声心动图局部室壁运动异常发生率 ( 6 5 %和 5 9% ,P >0 0 5 )和次极量负荷实验阳性率 ( 19%和 13% ,P>0 0 5 )差异无显著性 ,两组的无心脏事件生存率和死亡率差异无显著性 ( 6 2 %和 91% ,P >0 0 5 ;5 %和 1% ,P >0 0 5 )。两组患者的主观满意率分别是 84 %和 94 % (P >0 0 5 )。结论　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征的介入治疗可获得较好的远期效果 ,并与稳定型心绞痛的介入治疗效果相同。     

老年糖尿病合并非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征的急诊介入疗效观察

目的观察≥60岁老年糖尿病(DM)合并非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者急诊介入治疗的安全性及临床效果.方法选择同期行急诊介入治疗的≥60岁DM合并非ST段抬高的ACS患者63例(DM组)与≥60岁非DM合并非ST段抬高ACS患者77例(对照组),确诊后2h内行冠状动脉造影证实病变,术中仅对"罪犯"病变介入干预.残余狭窄≤20%,前向血流TIMI 3级为手术成功标准;心绞痛复发、急性心肌梗死、心源性死亡和靶病变再次血运重建为随访终点.结果DM组PTCA 支架植入71枚,对照组PTCA 支架植入71枚,直接植入支架8枚,手术成功率(93.7%对97.4%,P＞0.05);患者症状明显减轻或消失率(88.9%对94.8%,P＞0.05);无急性闭塞和死亡病例.相同方式随访DM组47例及对照组59例2～14个月,平均(8.6±3.5)个月,心绞痛复发率(48.9%对32.2%,P＞0.05);无致死性AMI及心脏性猝死发生;对DM组29例、对照组33例冠状动脉造影复查,"罪犯"病变的再狭窄率(31.0%对21.2%,P＞0.05);DM组再狭窄者6例接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),1例再次支架植入,2例继续接受药物治疗,1例因心功能恶化于介入治疗后3个月死亡;非DM组2例接受CABG,4例再次PTCA,其中3例再次植入支架,1例接受药物治疗.结论在人力和设备有保障的心脏介入中心,对老年DM合并非ST段抬高的ACS患者行急诊介入治疗,手术安全、有效;随访期内,DM组再狭窄率及靶病变再次血运重建率比对照组略高;急诊介入干预"罪犯"病变是老年DM合并非ST段抬高的ACS患者可选择的治疗策略.     

Rotational atherectomy in a patient with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome

Rotational atherectomy is a valuable technique complementary to PCI in complex calcified coronary artery stenoses. A case of a 65 year-old man with non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) treated with PCI with rotational atherectomy followed by two drug eluting stents (DES) implantation is presented.     

妊娠相关蛋白A对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者的预后价值

目的评价妊娠相关蛋白A(PAPP-A)对预测老年非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者的预后临床价值。方法选择老年NSTEACS患者455例,测定外周血PAPP-A水平,将患者分为高值组147例(PAPP-A≥23.5mU/L)和低值组308例(PAPP-A<23.5 mU/L),随访观察12个月不良心血管事件。分析PAPP-A水平与不良心血管事件关系。结果随访12个月时,高值组复合终点事件发生率高于低值组(57.7%vs24.4%,P=0.000)。PAPP-A界值23.5 mU/L时,预测不良心血管事件敏感性为66.7%,特异性为75.0%。PAPP-A升高与不良预后显著相关(OR=2.832,P=0.006);PAPP-A升高为评估不良预后的独立危险因素(HR=2.79,P=0.007)。结论 PAPP-A是评价老年NSTEACS患者预后的有效指标,PAPP-A水平升高预示未来不良心血管事件发生的风险增加,可能有助于对患者进行危险分层。     

Difference in elevation of N-terminal pro-BNP and conventional cardiac markers between patients with ST elevation vs non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and is a powerful predictor of long-term mortality. Differences in the clinical utility and pathophysiological implication of NT-proBNP and conventional cardiac markers in patients with ST elevation (STE) vs non-STE (NSTE) ACS were investigated in the present study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety consecutive patients admitted with acute chest pain and a diagnosis of unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction were analyzed. Patients with >or=Killip class II were excluded to focus on the effect of myocardial ischemia on the release of cardiac markers. The markers were measured on admission and analyzed according to the time from onset. Conventional cytosolic marker (creatine kinase-MB) and myofibril marker (troponin T: TnT) were both significantly higher in STE-ACS patients compared with NSTE-ACS patients. Conversely, NT-proBNP was significantly higher in NSTE-ACS patients than STE-ACS especially within 3 h of onset, suggesting a larger ischemic insult despite the smaller extent of myocardial necrosis compared with STE-ACS patients. There was no significant correlation between NT-proBNP level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) obtained at acute-phase echocardiography in either NSTE-ACS patients (LVEF 57.7+/-11.2%) or STE-ACS patients (LVEF 55.1+/-12.7%). Comparison between NT-proBNP and TnT levels revealed a marked difference of elevations, with significantly augmented elevation of NT-proBNP (p<0.001) in NSTE-ACS patients as compared with prominent elevation of TnT in STE-ACS patients. CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP is an early sensitive marker of myocardial ischemia that rises much higher in the earlier phase as compared with conventional markers of myocardial damage, especially in NSTE-ACS patients.     

介入治疗前用替罗非班对中高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者内皮功能的影响

目的 PCI前应用替罗非班对中高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTACS)患者临床效果和内皮功能的影响。方法 100例中高危NSTACS患者均择期接受PCI,分为术前组50例(PCI术前静脉滴注替罗非班)和术中组50例(PCI开始时静脉滴注替罗非班),观察2组病变血管血流灌注及院内、30d主要心血管不良事件发生的影响和术前术后24h血清内皮素1和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果术前组术后病变血管TIMI心肌灌注分级<3级的比例显著低于术中组(P=0.037);术前组基线血清内皮素1水平显著高于术后[(70.1±32.8)μg/L vs(55.9±29.5)μg/L,P=0.028],基线血清NO水平显著低于术后[(47.8±23.9)μmol/L vs(70.6±20.6)μmol/L,P=0.035);术前组术后血清内皮素1水平显著低于术中组[(55.9±29.5)μg/L vs(63.7±47.7)μg/L,P=0.044],血清NO水平显著高于术中组[(70.6±20.6)μmol/L vs(53.2±40.2)μmol/L,P=0.038]。2组患者院内和30d心血管不良事件比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 PCI术前应用替罗非班能部分改善中高危NSTACS患者术后病变血管血流灌注,是通过内皮保护作用实现的,但是没有实现早期心血管不良事件的减少。     

非S T段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者碎裂Q RS波的临床分析

目的：探讨碎裂QRS波（fQRS）与非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（NSTE-ACS）患者危险分层及近期预后的关系。方法随机选择NSTE-ACS 患者160例,其中高危者72例,非高危（中、低危）者88例。比较fQRS在高危及非高危NSTE-ACS 患者中的发生率,并比较fQRS组与无fQRS组NSTE-ACS患者住院期间心脏事件的发生率。结果 NSTE-ACS 高危患者中有fQRS者20例（27．78％）,非高危患者中有fQRS者12例（13．63％）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。fQRS组室性心律失常、心力衰竭（LVEF≤40％）、心源性休克、心源性死亡的发生率分别为68．75％、43．75％、18．75％和12．5％;而无 fQRS 组分别为45．31％、21．88％、5．47％和1．56％,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 NSTE-ACS高危患者fQRS发生率高。出现fQRS的NSTE-ACS患者,住院期间心脏事件发生率高,故fQRS可作为预测NSTE-ACS近期预后及筛查高危患者的新指标。     

不同时间窗干预非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征疗效观察

目的 比较非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者早期干预和延迟干预的有效性和安全性.方法 本试验为多中心随机研究,将入选的非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者分配至早期组(24 h内接受冠状动脉造影)和延迟组(36 h后接受冠状动脉造影),接受介入治疗或冠状动脉旁路移植术.主要终点是180 d随访时死亡、心肌梗死、卒中的复合终点,次要终点是180 d随访时死亡、心肌梗死、难治性缺血、卒中、再次血运重建.结果 共有815例患者入选,主要终点事件发生率早期组为9.0%,延迟组为14.6%(P=0.01).次要终点事件(180 d死亡、心肌梗死或难治性缺血复合终点)的发生率早期组为14.6%,延迟组为22.0%(P=0.01).180 d心肌梗死发生率延迟组高于早期组(10.8%比5.2%,P=0.00).另一个次要终点事件(180 d死亡、心肌梗死、难治性缺血、卒中或再次血运重建复合终点)的发生率早期组为26.7%,延迟组为30.4%(P=0.25).结论 早期干预可以减少非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者再发心肌梗死的发生率.     

心电图对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征危险分层的价值

目的探讨心电图变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者危险分层的价值。方法自2006年1月-2007年7月，在我院因急性胸痛拟诊不稳定型心绞痛及非ST段抬高心肌梗死而收入住院且记录资料完整的616例患者。人院后采集病史、查体，并在10min内完成常规18导联心电图检查，将患者人院时心电图的改变分为ST段压低组（包括伴有T波倒置者）、单纯T波倒置组、尚不能诊断的心电图组及正常心电图组；又将ST段压低组分为：胸前导联（V4-V6）ST段压低合并负向T波、胸前导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并负向T波4组。观察各组住院期主要心血管事件（心脏性死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、反复缺血性心绞痛发作），并随访1-12（7．2±3．8）个月，观察主要心血管事件变化。结果与正常心电图组比较；ST段压低组的复合心血管事件明显增多。胸前导联ST段压低合并T波倒置组的患者较其他导联ST段压低合并或不合并T波倒置组的复合心血管事件明显增多。结论．心电图的ST段变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者的危险分层及心血管事件预测均有重要价值。     

Metabolic syndrome is associated with extension of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a group of factors that are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Acute coronary syndromes account for the most important part of cardiovascular events with considerable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the association of MS with extension of coronary artery disease in patients presenting with non-ST segment elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: Three hundred and six consecutive patients (220 men, 86 women patients) with the diagnosis of NSTE ACS, who were hospitalized within the first 24 h of their chest pain in the coronary care unit, were prospectively enrolled into our study. Patients with elevation of troponins (T or I) were classified as NSTE myocardial infarction (MI) and otherwise as unstable angina pectoris (USAP). Components of MS were noted as previously identified. Coronary angiograms were evaluated by two authors, who were blinded to the study plan and each other, via Sullivan's method. RESULTS: MS was noted in 49% of all patients, and was significantly more common in women than in men (62.8 versus 43.6%, P=0.003). The mean total stenosis score of patients with MS was significantly higher than for those without MS (16+/-6 versus 12+/-5, P<0.001), and the mean extension score of patients with MS was significantly higher than for those without MS (63+/-29 versus 44+/-26, P<0.001). The presence of MS together with some clinical factors and poor total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was found to be independently predictive of extension of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a group of patients presenting with NSTE ACS. CONCLUSIONS: MS is independently associated with CAD extension, and hence, might account for poor cardiovascular outcomes through CAD extension in patients with NSTE ACS.