从高原进入更高海拔短期军训人员急性高原病发病调查

无论空运还是陆路运输进入高原急性高原病发病情况的调查报道都较多,发病率比较明确。高原部队为执行任务经常往返于高原高、低海拔之间,其发病情况调查报道很少,发病率尚不明确,是目前高原部队做好后勤保障急待解决的重要课题。为此,我们于1996年10月间对驻高原部队(海拔3658m)进入更高海拔(4500m)短期训练人员急性高原病发病情况作了调查,现报告如下。     

不同海拔高度及任务对官兵心理健康状况的调查

目的：探讨不同海拔高度对驻守官兵的心理健康状况的影响以及担负不同任务的高原官兵心理健康状况的差异。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对不同海拔高度且担负不同任务的336名高原官兵进行心理测量。结果海拔越高,高原官兵的SCL-90得分越高;高原驻守部队官兵SCL-90得分高于高原后勤勤务保障部队官兵。结论高海拔地区官兵的心理健康状况比低海拔地区官兵心理健康状况低,高原驻守官兵的心理健康状况比高原后勤保障官兵心理健康状况低;加强高海拔驻守官兵的心理保健,定期开展健康教育、心理疏导,对提高部队的战斗力具有重要意义。     

川藏线汽车部队和兵站疾病谱调查分析

川藏线部队分散于川藏公路沿线高海拔地区,长年在缺氧、低温的高原环境中执行任务,由于川藏线特殊的地理和恶劣的气候环境,使得川藏线部队官兵的疾病谱有别于其他部队,目前对川藏线部队疾病谱的调查还比较少,更缺乏横断面的调查。川藏线部队根据驻地和任务不同,主要分为汽车部队和沿线兵站部队。     

空降兵部队进驻高原伴随卫勤保障的思考

<正>我部由驻防的平原地区进驻高原地域执行任务,为克服高原恶劣环境带来的不利影响,圆满完成执行任务期间部队卫生防疫、防病治病等工作探讨如下。     

某部高原野外驻训伤病情况分析

高原地区的地理环境和气候条件对执行任务的部队官兵健康带来了诸多不利影响。为了解部队官兵在高原地区野外驻训时的伤病发生特点,探索改进部队卫勤保障和增进官兵健康的措施,我们对某部2012年7-9月高原野外驻训期间的发病情况进行了调查。现分析报告如下。     

初入高原地区2100名新兵心理健康状况调查分析

心理健康是指个体精神上完好状态及人对环境和社会的良好适应[1]。武警部队作为执行国家安全保卫,维护社会稳定,行使执法权利的特殊部队,担负着党政机关、国防、经济及重要目标的看护守护任务。因此,武警士兵在具备高度的政治觉悟,严明的组织纪律,过硬军事技能的同时,必须具备良好的身体素质和心理素质。为研究武警部队士兵心理健康状况水平,为提高驻高原部队士兵心理素质,减少心理性精神性疾病的发生提供科学依据,笔者对1999年度入伍到本部队的2100名新战士进行心理健康状况调查后,发现近90%的新兵在集训和下连初期,由于明显的环境、角色、…     

高原盛开“健教花”

第二炮兵某部卫生队立足现有条件,任高原执行重火军事任务中,结合高原环境艰苦、资源贫乏、保障难度大的特点,紧贴实战抓演训,探索出高原卫勤保障的新路子。他们开设了野战健康多功能室,主要开展高原防病防护知识宣教、生理心理常识宣教、战斗意志渲染、生理心理健康咨询、身体心理放松、团队心理行为训练等身心干预活动,为官兵健康服务,为提升部队战斗力服务。     

高原汽车部队值勤期间卫生防病工作的做法

青海格尔木62212部队卫生队阮宏鹏、朱绍东来稿:高原汽车部队值勤期间卫生防病工作的做法.文章说,青藏线沿途平均海拔4 500 m,自然环境恶劣,高寒缺氧、气候干燥、风速大、气压低和紫外线照射强等.官兵们首次跟车上青藏线执行运输任务,约有30%的人出现急性轻症高原病,主要表现为头晕、头痛、呕吐、胸闷、气急,以及急性高原肺水肿、血压异常等.     

高原汽车兵皮褶厚度与体脂量调查

目的：探讨高原对汽车兵皮褶厚度与体脂量的影响。方法：随机选择担负喀喇昆仑山运输任务的某汽车部队驾驶员６０名，在上高原完成全年运输任务的前、中、后进行有关测量，作方差分析ｑ检验。结果：皮褶厚度、上臂围、上臂肌围及体脂量随上高原时间的延长而减少，差别均有高度显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：高原对汽车兵皮褶厚度及体脂量影响较大。     

对执行高原任务师团职干部的保健体会

我分区常年有师团职干部到高原边防一线连队蹲点,平均3个月,海拔高度3700～5400米不等。师团职干部是单位的决策者,而高原任务有自然环境恶劣,易致机体不适、诱发身心疾病从而影响部队战斗力的特性[1]。因此,执行高原任务的师团职干部身体健康、保健管理措施显得极其重要。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

Hepatic steatosis in obesity in children

The fatty liver infiltrations of the children are not uncommon and are often seen in particular diseases, mainly related to intoxication or metabolic diseases. The authors reported a case of heterogeneous fatty liver infiltration due to obesity with a good evolution after a hypocaloric diet.