HPLC 法同时测定夏枯草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定夏枯草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量。方法：色谱柱 Thermo BDS HyPersil C18（250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm）;流动相：乙腈-甲醇-0.5%乙酸铵（55∶15∶30）;流速0.8 ml／ min;检测波长210 nm;柱温：30℃;进样量：20μl。结果：熊果酸进样量在31.81~795.2μg／ ml 范围内,峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好（r =0.9998）,平均回收率为97.88%;齐墩果酸进样量在33.81~845.2μg／ ml 范围内,峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好（r =0.9999）,平均回收率为98.39%。结论：本方法可使齐墩果酸、熊果酸得到基线分离,同时测定夏枯草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量。实验结果准确,灵敏度及重复性好,分离度高,为夏枯草的质量控制与评价提供了有效的手段。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法测定扛板归不同部位中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的:建立测定扛板归不同部位中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器方法。方法:色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.5%磷酸水溶液-甲醇(10∶90),流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃。结果:齐墩果酸在0.228～2.850μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.4%,RSD为1.5%(n=6);熊果酸进样量在0.544～6.800μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为96.9%,RSD为1.2%(n=6)。结论:方法准确,操作简便,数据可靠,可用于扛板归中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定药用香薷中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的 采用超声辅助提取,建立药用香薷中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的高效液相色谱分析方法.方法 色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇∶水∶磷酸(90:10:0.1,v/v/v),流速0.8 ml/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃.结果 齐墩果酸在0.228 ～2.850μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r =0.9998),平均回收率为97.5％,RSD为1.5％(n=6);熊果酸进样量在0.544～6.800 μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r =0.9998),平均回收率为96.9％,RSD为1.2％(n=6).结论 该方法准确,操作简便,数据可靠,可用于香薷中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量测定.     

RP-HPLC法同时测定鹿蹄草中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的:建立同时测定鹿蹄草中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸(88∶12∶0.15,V/V/V),流速为0.9 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为210 nm。结果:齐墩果酸进样量在0.462⁴.620μg时,与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98,n=6),平均加样回收率为98.6%,RSD=2.1%(n=6);熊果酸进样量在1.0644.620μg时,与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98,n=6),平均加样回收率为98.6%,RSD=2.1%(n=6);熊果酸进样量在1.064¹0.640μg时,与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 99,n=6),平均加样回收率为98.5%,RSD=2.2%(n=6)。结论:该方法操作简单、结果准确、重复性好,适用于鹿蹄草中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的同时测定。     

HPLC法同时测定5种常见中药材中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的:建立测定含有齐墩果酸与熊果酸中药材的方法,并测定这些中药材中齐墩果酸与熊果酸的含量,为其品质评价提供依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Welch Materials Ultimate XB C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),检测波长为210nm,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸-三乙胺(86∶14∶0.05,V/V/V),流速为0.6mL·min-1。结果:齐墩果酸进样量在0.330～3.300μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998),平均加样回收率为98.26%,RSD=0.47%(n=6);熊果酸进样量在0.390～3.900μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9994),平均加样回收率为97.98%,RSD=0.50%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可为含有齐墩果酸与熊果酸中药材的质量控制提供方法参考,且本试验数据可为这些中药材的质量评价提供科学依据。     

蔓胡颓子根定量测定方法的研究

目的:建立蔓胡颓子根的定量测定方法.方法:根据《中国药典》2010年版,采用HPLC法测定齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量.结果:含量测定中齐墩果酸的进样量在0.3005~1.8030μg(r=0.9994)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97.0%,RSD为1.4%(n=6),含量不得少于0.10%;熊果酸齐墩果酸的进样量在0.2875~1.7250μg(r=0.9994)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97.3%,RSD为1.78%(n=6),含量不得少于0.080%.结论:建立的分析方法专属性强,可用于蔓胡颓子根的定量测定.     

RP-HPLC法同时测定蒙药复方菖蒲四味中熊果酸与齐墩果酸的含量

目的:建立同时测定蒙药复方菖蒲四味中熊果酸与齐墩果酸含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Diamosil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸水溶液(56∶28∶16),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为215nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。结果:熊果酸、齐墩果酸的进样量分别在0.9264～9.2640μg(r=0.9999)、0.8656～8.6560μg(r=0.9999)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为98.40%、99.29%,RSD分别为2.04%、1.44%(n=6)。结论:本法准确、简便、重复性好,可为蒙药复方菖蒲四味的质量控制提供依据。     

HPLC法测定岗梅中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

目的:建立岗梅中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Thermo-C18,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.1%冰醋酸(83∶5∶12,V/V/V),流速为0.7 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为210 nm,进样量为10μl。结果:熊果酸和齐墩果酸的进样量分别在0.200 4~4.008μg(r=0.999 8)、0.100 9~2.018μg(r=0.999 6)范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2%;熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均加样回收率分别为98.85%、99.44%,RSD分别为1.88%、1.83%(n均为6)。结论:该方法准确、灵敏,可为岗梅的质量控制提供参考。     

不同产地山茱萸中熊果酸与齐墩果酸含量研究

目的建立山茱萸中齐墩果酸与熊果酸的含量测定方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法进行测定。色谱柱为YMC-PACK ODS-A柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸-甲醇（40∶10∶30）,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为210.2 nm,柱温为25℃。结果齐墩果酸进样量在0.38～3.04μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,平均加样回收率为101.5%,RSD=2.94%（n=6）;熊果酸进样量在0.82～6.56μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 5,平均加样回收率为98.3%,RSD=1.08%（n=6）。结论该方法可以同时测定2个组分的含量,且简便、准确,可用于山茱萸药材及制剂的质量控制。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定柿叶和柿蒂中的熊果酸与齐墩果酸

目的:建立反相离子对高效液相色谱法( Ion-pair RP-HPLC)测定柿叶和柿蒂中的熊果酸与齐墩果酸,并考察其药用价值.方法:采用AT Lichrom C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.78％四丁基氢氧化铵水溶液(85:15)为流动相;检测波长为210 nm;流量为0.8 ml ·min-1;柱温为室温;进样量为20μl.结果:熊果酸与齐墩果酸在进样量为0.25 ～2.0μg时,线性关系良好(R2分别为0.9992,0.9994).熊果酸平均回收率为98.80％,RSD为1.34％;齐墩果酸平均回收率为100.36％,RSD为2.04％.结论:该法操作简便、准确、重现性好.     

Nephrotoxicity of chlorofluoroacetic acid in rats.

Dichloroacetic acid (DCA), chlorofluoroacetic acid (CFA), and difluoroacetic acid (DFA) are inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. DCA is used for the clinical management of congenital lactic acidosis. Glutathione transferase zeta (GSTZ1-1) catalyzes the biotransformation of DCA and CFA, and DCA is a mechanism-based inactivator of GSTZ1-1. In rodents, DCA causes multiorgan toxicities and is hepatocarcinogenic. The toxic effects of CFA, which is an excellent substrate but a poor inactivator of GSTZ1-1, have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the nephrotoxicity of CFA. Rats given a single dose of 1.5 mmol/kg CFA became anuric and died within 24 h. Urinalysis and light microscopic analysis showed that rats given 0.6-1.2 mmol/kg CFA developed polyuria, glycosuria, and renal proximal tubular damage. Electron microscopic analysis indicated a role for apoptosis in CFA-induced cell death. The nephrotoxicity of CFA was associated with a dose-dependent increase in inorganic fluoride excretion. Treatment of rats with DCA for 5 days to inactivate GSTZ1-1 failed to prevent metabolism of CFA to fluoride and did not block CFA-induced renal damage. A role for GSTZ1-1-catalyzed release of fluoride from CFA is proposed but a role for other enzymes cannot be excluded. DFA, which is not metabolized to fluoride by GSTZ1-1, was given to rats as a control and was also nephrotoxic: rats given 1.2 mmol DFA/kg/day for 5 days had normal urine volumes but showed proximal and distal tubular damage; fluoride excretion was not elevated. The mechanism of DFA-induced nephrotoxicity is not known but appears to differ from that of CFA.     

Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure during pregnancy in the mouse.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a member of the perfluoroalkyl acids that have wide commercial applications, has recently been detected in humans and wildlife. The current study characterizes the developmental toxicity of PFOA in the mouse. Timed-pregnant CD-1 mice were given 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg PFOA by oral gavage daily from gestational day (GD) 1 to 17; controls received an equivalent volume (10 ml/kg) of water. PFOA treatment produced dose-dependent full-litter resorptions; all dams in the 40-mg/kg group resorbed their litters. Weight gain in dams that carried pregnancy to term was significantly lower in the 20-mg/kg group. At GD 18, some dams were sacrificed for maternal and fetal examinations (group A), and the rest were treated once more with PFOA and allowed to give birth (group B). Postnatal survival, growth, and development of the offspring were monitored. PFOA induced enlarged liver in group A dams at all dosages, but did not alter the number of implantations. The percent of live fetuses was lower only in the 20-mg/kg group (74 vs. 94% in controls), and fetal weight was also significantly lower in this group. However, no significant increase in malformations was noted in any treatment group. The incidence of live birth in group B mice was significantly lowered by PFOA: ca. 70% for the 10- and 20-mg/kg groups compared to 96% for controls. Postnatal survival was severely compromised at 10 or 20 mg/kg, and moderately so at 5 mg/kg. Dose-dependent growth deficits were detected in all PFOA-treated litters except the 1-mg/kg group. Significant delays in eye-opening (up to 2-3 days) were noted at 5 mg/kg and higher dosages. Accelerated sexual maturation was observed in male offspring, but not in females. These data indicate maternal and developmental toxicity of PFOA in the mouse, leading to early pregnancy loss, compromised postnatal survival, delays in general growth and development, and sex-specific alterations in pubertal maturation.     

RP-HPLC法测定固公果中蔷薇酸和委陵菜酸

目的：利用RP-HPLC方法测定彝族药物固公果中蔷薇酸、委陵菜酸的量。方法：采用UltimatexB-C18（美国Welch公司,150nm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,以甲醇-1.5%磷酸水溶液（33︰67）为流动相,体积流量1.0mL/min,检测波长210nm。结果：固公果中蔷薇酸与委陵菜酸能得到很好的分离。测定线性范围分别为：蔷薇酸77.4～774.3μg/mL,r=0.9999;委陵菜酸54.7～546.9μg/mL,r=0.9999。蔷薇酸平均回收率为102.5%（n=9）,委陵菜酸平均回收率为103.7%（n=9）。结论：该法便捷、灵敏、准确,重复性好,可以控制该药材的质量。     

HPLC法测定面瘫Ⅰ号中绿原酸的含量

目的建立面瘫Ⅰ号中绿原酸的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定其中绿原酸的含量。结果绿原酸在0.039 65⁰.991 2μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线形关系,r=1(n=7),平均回收率为99.15%,RSD=1.63%(n=9)。结论所建立的方法简便、准确,专属性强,重现性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定红金耳环中马兜铃酸A的含量

目的：对红金耳环中马兜铃酸A进行定量分析。方法：采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定马兜铃酸A的含量,色谱柱：Kromasi C18（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相甲醇-水-冰醋酸（65：34：1）,流速1．0ml·min^-1,检测波长310nm,柱温25℃。结果：马兜铃酸A在0．16—0．80μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r为0．9995,平均加样回收率为98．97％,RSD为2．10％。红金耳环中马兜铃酸A的含量为0．0012％。结论：该方法简便,重现性好,可用于测定红金耳环中马兜铃酸A的含量。     

3，4－二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺对卡英酸致惊作用的影响

３，４－二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺对卡英酸致惊作用的影响刘福君，陶成（北京医科大学药理教研室，北京１０００８３）卡英酸（ｋａｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＫＡ）是一种外源性氨基酸，对哺乳动物的中枢神经系统具有很强的兴奋作用及神经毒性，可造成特定的神经元退变性组织学改变和...     

反相高效液相色谱法测定陆英中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量

目的建立陆英药材中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量的测定方法。方法选用SymmetryC18(3.9mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相甲醇-水(88∶12),检测波长220nm,流速0.6mL/min,柱温25℃。结果乌索酸的线性范围0.098~2.35μg,r=0.9999;齐墩果酸的线性范围0.099~2.38μg,r=0.9997。乌索酸和齐墩果酸平均回收率分别为97.9%(RSD为2.11%)和98.6%(RSD为1.84%)。结论本法可同时测定乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量,具有准确、灵敏、数据可靠的优点,可用于陆英药材的质量控制。     

3，4－二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺对卡英酸致惊作用的影响

３，４－二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺对卡英酸致惊作用的影响刘福君，陶成（北京医科大学药理教研室，北京１０００８３）卡英酸（ｋａｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＫＡ）是一种外源性氨基酸，对哺乳动物的中枢神经系统具有很强的兴奋作用及神经毒性，可造成特定的神经元退变性组织学改变和...     

Mitogenic signal transduction caused by monomethylarsonous acid in human bladder cells: role in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.

Previous studies have shown that human bladder cells (UROtsa), a target of arsenic-induced cancer, can biotransform arsenite to monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), which is more cytotoxic and capable of transforming the UROtsa cells following long-term, low-level exposure. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) causes hyperplasia in bladder cells and is considered a key biomarker in bladder cancer. To investigate the role of mitogenic pathway stimulation in MMA(III)-induced transformation, UROtsa cells were treated with 50nM MMA(III) for 12, 24, or 52 weeks and analyzed by Western blot for COX-2 expression. Elevations in COX-2 expression were noted following chronic MMA(III) exposure, and this induction increased with duration of exposure, suggesting that COX-2 or the signal transduction pathways responsible for COX-2 protein expression may play a role in MMA(III)-induced transformation. Acute exposure studies found MMA(III) treatment (10, 50, and 100nM, 4 h) induced COX-2 in UROtsa cells with the lowest doses (10 and 50nM) causing the strongest induction. Using pharmacological inhibitors of various pathways, it was shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK-1/-2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and src were important in the induction of COX-2 by MMA(III). ERK-2 phosphorylation was verified by Western blot analysis with a peak at 15 min, and c-jun was translocated to the nucleus following 50nM MMA(III) treatment. To determine MMA(III) targets, receptors of the erythroblastosis oncogene family (ErbB) family were further investigated. Chronic MMA(III) exposure led to upregulation of the EGFR or ErbB1. Short-term MMA(III) treatment caused the phosphorylation of ErbB2 in its autophosphorylation site. To verify the importance of these signaling pathways to the growth of the MMA(III)-transformed UROtsa cells in soft agar, various inhibitors were used to block pathways and monitor cells growth. Pathways of importance in anchorage-independent growth of UROtsa cells chronically exposed to MMA(III) are src, PI3K, and COX-1 and -2. As COX-2 is an important mediator that contributes to carcinogenesis via promotion of cell proliferation, inhibition of cell death, induction of angiogenesis, and facilitation of invasion, and it is highly upregulated both acutely and chronically in the MMA(III)-transformed cells, it is likely that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and increased COX-2 expression is a plausible mechanism for MMA(III) bladder carcinogenesis.     

Urothelial cytotoxicity and regeneration induced by dimethylarsinic acid in rats.

Inorganic arsenic is a known human carcinogen of the skin and respiratory tract. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that it is also carcinogenic to the urinary bladder and other internal organs. Lack of an animal model has limited progress on understanding the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis. It was recently reported that high doses of an organic arsenical, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), increased urinary bladder tumors in rats when administered in the diet or in the drinking water for 2 years, with the female being more sensitive than the male. We previously showed that high doses of DMA (40 or 100 ppm of the diet) fed for 10 weeks increased urothelial cell proliferation in the rat. Treatment with DMA also increased renal calcification and increased urinary calcium concentration. In 2 experiments, we examined the urothelial proliferative effects of treatment with 100 ppm DMA in the diet in female F344 rats for 2 and 10 weeks and for 6 and 24 h, and 3, 7, and 14 days. Cytotoxic changes in the urothelium were evident by SEM as early as 6 h after treatment was begun. Foci of cellular necrosis were detected after 3 days of treatment, followed by widespread necrosis of the urothelium after 7 days of treatment. The bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index was not increased until after 7 days of treatment, suggesting that administration of DMA results in cytotoxicity with necrosis, followed by regenerative hyperplasia of the bladder epithelium. Although the rat provides an animal model to study the urothelial effects of DMA, the relevance of this finding to inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis in humans must be extrapolated cautiously, due to the high doses of DMA necessary to produce these changes in the rat and the differences in metabolism of arsenicals in rodents, especially rats, compared to humans.