载脂蛋白E基因多态性及血脂与心肌梗死的关系

为了研究载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性及血脂与老年心肌梗死的关系,本文采用聚合酶链反应－限制片长多态性对９７例对照者和４９例心肌梗死患者载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型进行分析,同时检测血脂指标。结果发现,两组的Ｅ３／３基因型所占百分比最大,其次是Ｅ３／４基因型;对照组和心肌梗死组的ｅ２,ｅ３,ｅ４等位基因频率为０．０３０９、０．８９１８、０．０７７３和０．０３０６、０．８１６３、０．１５３１。心肌梗死组ｅ４携带者百分比大     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与高脂血症的相关性研究

选取１３３例高脂血症患者及１２２例正常对照人群，用多聚酶链反应方法快速鉴定其载脂蛋白Ｅ的基因型，结合血脂分析，研究载脂蛋白基因多态性与高脂血症的关系，结果表明，Ｅ３等位基因的分布频率在病例组中明显低于对照且，病例组中Ｅ４等位基因的分布频率明显高于对照组，表明Ｅ４等位基因与高脂血症显著相关。     

老年冠心病载脂蛋白E基因多态性相关性分析及其对血脂的影响

目的 研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性与老年冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）基因分析方法，测定１６１例老年ＣＨＤ患者和８６例同年龄对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型；血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果 本共发现５种ＡｐｏＥ基因型，分别为Ｅ３／３、Ｅ４／４、Ｅ４／３及Ｅ４／２。老年ＣＨＤ组ＡｐｏＥ４／３基因型和ε４等位基因频率均高于对     

心肌梗塞患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究及其对临床与血脂代谢的影响

目的：研究载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因多态性对心肌梗塞发生、发展及预后的作用及其对血脂水平的影响。 方法;应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性检测方法,测定１０４例心肌梗塞患者（心肌梗塞组）和１８０例正常对照者（对照组）的Ａｏｐ　Ｅ基因型;并按常规方法测定血脂水平。 结果：共检测出 ５种 Ａｐｏ Ｅ基因型,分别为 Ａｐｏ Ｅ３／３、Ａｐｏ　 Ｅ３／２、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／３、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／２及 Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／４。心肌梗塞组Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３基因型和ＡｐｏＥε４等位基因频率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;心肌梗塞组总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;心肌梗塞组泵功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者ＡｐｏＥ４／３基因型频率高于泵功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因具有升高ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用,Ａｐｏ　Ｅε２等位基因则有降低ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用。 结论：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与心肌梗塞的发生、发展和血脂的代谢水平密切相关;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因可能是心肌梗塞重要的遗传标记,Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３亦影响心肌梗塞泵功能分级。     

反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制大鼠肝细胞载脂蛋白B的表达

为研究载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性在冠心病发生发展中的作用及其对血脂水平的影响，应用聚合酶链反应－ 限制片长多态性检测法，测定２２０ 例冠心病患者和１８０ 例正常对照者的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型；并按常规方法测定血脂水平。结果发现中国汉族人群中存在５ 种载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型，分别为Ｅ３３、Ｅ３２、Ｅ４３ 、Ｅ４２ 及Ｅ４４。冠心病组载脂蛋白Ｅ４３ 基因型和ε４ 等位基因频率（ 分别为２５．０％ 和１４．３％ ） 均显著高于对照组（１３ ．３％ 和８．１％ ）（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）， 载脂蛋白Ｅ３３ 基因型频率（５９．５ ％） 则低于对照组（７０ ．０ ％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；冠心病组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）；在冠心病组的各亚型之间，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间存在统计学差异（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。上述实验结果说明，载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性与冠心病的发生发展密切相关并影响血脂的代谢水平；ε４ 等位基因可能是冠心病重要的遗传易患因素之一。     

110例心肌梗死患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性

为探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型和心肌梗死之间的关系,采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片长多态性分析１１０例心肌梗死患者和１３１例健康对照者的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型及其在两组人群中的不同分布。结果发现对照组和心肌梗死组Ｅ３／３基因型发生频率最高,占整个样本的７０％,含载脂蛋白Ｅ３的杂合子居中,占整个样本的２５．３％,Ｅ４／４基因型的发生频率最低。     

ApoE基因多态性与中国人2型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系

目的为研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性与２型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系。方法以载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因为候选基因，运用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）方法检测了１１２例２型糖尿病患者及６０例正常对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型。结果两组研究对象其ε３、ε２和ε４等位基因的分布频率分别为０．８４４，０．０９３，０．０６３和０．８６７，０．０８３，０．０５０（Ｐ＞０．０５），说明ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与中国人２型糖尿病发病无相关性，通过比较２型糖尿病患者不同ＡｐｏＥ基因型与其血脂指标的关系发现：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与血总胆固醇水平（Ｐ＝０．００２９）及血低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）Ｃ水平（Ｐ＝０．００２１）相关，携带ε４等位基因的个体具有较高的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平，而携带ε２等位基因的个体具有较低的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平。ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与２型糖尿病伴高血压无相关（Ｐ＝０．１１１）。携带ε４等位基因的患者冠心病发病率明显较携带其他等位基因患者为高（Ｐ＝０．００８）。结论ε４等位基因可能是２型糖尿病合并冠心病的一个危险因子     

心肌梗死患者载脂蛋白B基因多态性

为研究载脂蛋白Ｂ基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化的关联,选择健康体检者８４人和确诊为心肌梗死患者８４人为对象,进行载脂蛋白Ｂ基因多态性的研究。用聚合酶链反应检测心肌梗死患者和正常人的载脂蛋白Ｂ基因上３个位点的遗传多态性标记,结果显示,心肌梗死患者组载脂蛋白Ｂ基因上的ＸｂａＩ酶切位点上Ｘ＋等位基因相对频率明显高于正常组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＭｓｐＩ酶切位点的Ｅ＋和Ｍ＋等位基因相对频率与正常人组无明     

老年人血脂水平与载脂蛋白E等位基因的关系

为了解老年人血脂水平与载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性的关系，并探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ等位基因对老年人血脂水平的内在影响，利用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法测定了载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型，并用酶学方法对其血脂水平进行了测定。结果发现存在五种不同基因型：与携有ε３等位基因的人群相比，携有ε４等位基因的人群倾向具有较高的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及较低的甘油三酯水平，而携有ε２等位基因的人群则有较低的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及较高的     

痴呆患者载脂蛋白E基因型及表型的研究

目的研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）多态性与痴呆疾病的关系。方法对对照组（５３例）和痴呆组［其中包括Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’ｓ病（ＡＤ）１８例，血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）２３例和帕金森病痴呆（ＰＤＤ）１３例］的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因频率和表型多态性的关系进行了比较。结果对照组ＡｐｏＥ基因频率以ε３最为常见，占９２．５％，其表型分布以Ｅ３／３型为主（占８６．８％）；在痴呆组中，ＡＤ组ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２基因频率分别为１９．４％和１３．９％，明显多于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），而ＶＤ组和ＰＤＤ组ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２基因频率与非痴呆对照组相比差别无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＡＤ组ＡｐｏＥ表型中的Ｅ３／４型和Ｅ２／３型明显高于对照组，而ＶＤ组和ＰＤＤ组中其他各型差异均不显著。结论ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２与ＡＤ关系极为密切，与ＶＤ和ＰＤＤ的关系尚需进一步研究     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.