非甾体类抗炎药与消化性溃疡

非甾体类抗炎药(non-steroidal antiinflamma-tory drugs,NSAID)是世界上应用最广泛的一类药物,被用于抗炎镇痛、风湿性疾病、骨关节炎、心血管疾病等,然而它具有多种不良反应,其中常见的是消化性溃疡.因使用NSAID引起的胃肠道溃疡称NSAID相关性溃疡或NSAID溃疡.     

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative risk for peptic ulcer disease that is associated with the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Tennessee Medicaid program. PARTICIPANTS: Medicaid enrollees 65 years of age or older were included in the study. The 1415 case patients had been hospitalized for confirmed peptic ulcer disease at some point from 1984 through 1986. The 7063 control persons represented a stratified random sample of other Medicaid enrollees. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The estimated relative risk for the development of peptic ulcer disease among current users of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, compared with that among nonusers, was 4.1 (95% CI, 3.5 to 4.7). For current users, the risk increased with increasing dose, from a relative risk of 2.8 (CI, 1.8 to 4.3) for the lowest to a relative risk of 8.0 (CI, 4.4 to 14.8) for the highest dose category. The risk was greatest in the first month of use (relative risk, 7.2; CI, 4.9 to 10.5). If the association is fully causal, 29% of peptic ulcers in the study sample resulted from the use of these drugs, and the excess risk associated with such use was 17.4 hospitalizations for ulcer disease per 1000 person-years of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These data support other findings indicating that a clinically significant risk for serious ulcer disease is associated with the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The data show that this risk increases with dose and recency of use and that use of these drugs may be responsible for a large proportion of peptic ulcer disease among elderly persons.     

Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risk for peptic ulcer disease that is associated with the use of oral corticosteroids. DESIGN: A nested case-control study. SETTING: Tennessee Medicaid program. PARTICIPANTS: The case patients (n = 1415) were hospitalized between 1984 and 1986 for gastric or duodenal ulcer or for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage of unknown cause. The controls (n = 7063) were randomly selected from Medicaid enrollees not meeting the study criteria for inclusion as case patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The estimated relative risk for the development of peptic ulcer disease among current users of oral corticosteroids was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.0). However, the risk was increased only in those who concurrently received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); these persons had an estimated relative risk associated with current corticosteroid use of 4.4 (CI, 2.0 to 9.7). In contrast, the estimated relative risk for those corticosteroid users not receiving NSAIDs was 1.1 (CI, 0.5 to 2.1). Persons concurrently receiving corticosteroids and NSAIDs had a risk for peptic ulcer disease that was 15 times greater than that of nonusers of either drug. CONCLUSION: Discrepant findings among earlier studies regarding steroids and the risk for peptic ulcer disease could in part be due to differences in the use of NSAIDs among study participants. The high risk for peptic ulcer disease associated with combined use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids indicates the need to prescribe this drug combination cautiously.     

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Although the increased need for studies assessing the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of all drugs has been emphasized, relatively little is known about NSAIDs in the elderly. The pharmacokinetics of some NSAIDs have been examined in elderly subjects; unfortunately, recent data indicate that much of the earlier information may be incomplete or even misleading. Many studies report the disposition of only total NSAIDs. Since all of the NSAIDs are highly protein bound, it is the unbound, pharmacologically active, fraction that is most important. Few studies have quantified the pharmacokinetics of unbound NSAID in any age group, much less in elderly patients. Also, it is now apparent that studies of the propionic acid derivatives and other drugs with chiral centers must assess the disposition of the active S-enantiomer. Finally, studies of NSAIDs that form acylglucuronides are confounded by the reversion of these metabolites to active drug. Reduced renal elimination of these metabolites may be greater in elderly persons. Studies that account for these features of NSAIDs will provide necessary data for safe and effective use of NSAIDs in the elderly.     

非甾体类抗炎药物与消化性溃疡出血的关系

目的探讨非甾体类抗炎药物(NSAIDs)诱发消化性溃疡出血的临床流行病学特点。方法回顾分析1991~2004年我院诊治的消化性溃疡出血的临床资料,并用电脑数据库处理分析。结果在694例消化性溃疡并出血患者中,26.80%近期内有服用NSAIDs史。服用NSAIDs组与未服用NSAIDs组比较,服用NSAIDs组前驱症状(腹痛、消化不良等)发生率较低(30.65%比61.42%P<0.01);平均年龄较大[(44.16±13.25)岁比(35.23±11.49)岁,P<0.05];女性比例相对较多(26.34%比15.55%,P<0.01);胃溃疡比例较高(28.50%比20.67%,P<0.01);外科手术率无明显差别(P>0.05);结论NSAIDs是诱发消化性溃疡出血的一常见原因,应加强对NSAIDs胃肠毒副作用的防治。     

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activate quiescent inflammatory bowel disease

Four patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease had prompt exacerbations when given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can have noxious effects on the distal intestine as well as on the proximal gut. Eight previous cases of exacerbation of ulcerative colitis have been reported, as have instances of de-novo colitis and ileitis in persons treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs who did not have preexisting inflammatory bowel disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. These drugs should be administered to patients with inflammatory bowel disease only after consideration of their possible harmful effects.     

非甾体类抗炎剂致上消化道溃疡的临床特点

[目的]研究非甾体类抗炎剂（NSAIDs）相关胃、十二指肠溃疡的临床特点。[方法]统计2001年1月～2006年1月消化病专家门诊及住院患者的临床资料。根据胃镜检查前1周内有无服用NSAIDs史，将138例患者分为A（服NSAIDs，41例）、B（未服NSAIDs，97例）组，对2组患者的临床症状、胃镜、活检结果进行比较。[结果]饱胀、烧心、恶心、腹痛4项主症中前3项A组均高于B组，但腹痛B组高于A组（P〈0．05）。A组中胃溃疡（GID占80．5％（多发性为24．4％），十二指肠球部溃疡（DID为19．5％（多发性4．9％）；B组分别为48．5％（12．4％）、51．5％（11．3％）。活动性溃疡A组占63．4％，溃疡灶〈10mm占80．5％；B组分别为42．3％、62．9％，2组间比较P〈0．01。幽门螺杆菌检出率A组63．4％，B组81．3％，B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）。[结论]提高临床医师对NSAIDs相关溃疡临床特点的认识，加强对必须服用NSAIDs者的防治及医学指导，尽量减少其不良反应。     

非甾体抗炎药相关性溃疡并出血的临床分析

目的 探讨非甾体抗炎药相关性溃疡并出血的临床及内镜特点。方法 对196例消化性溃疡并出血病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据出血前1周内是否服用NSAIDs分为NSAIDs组(55例)和非NSAIDs组(141例)，并进行分析比较。结果 NSAIDs组与非NSAIDs组在年龄、溃疡类型、溃疡数目、临床症状及Hp感染等方面均有显著差异。结论 加强对非甾体抗炎药相关性溃疡并出血的认识，并采取相应措施，以减少非甾体抗炎药对胃肠道产生的毒副作用。     

The association of Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic ulcer disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects 10% of the world population. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) are the principal factors associated with PUD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a cohort of patients with PUD and determine the association between H pylori infection and NSAID use. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical charts of patients with endoscopic diagnosis of PUD were retrospectively reviewed from September 2002 to August 2003. Patients were divided into three groups according to ulcer etiology: H pylori infection (group 1); NSAID use (group 2); and combined H pylori infection and NSAID use (group 3). RESULTS: One hundred two patients were evaluated: 36 men (35.3%) and 66 women (64.7%). Forty patients had H pylori infection, 43 had used NSAIDs and 15 had combined H pylori infection and NSAID use; four patients with ulcers secondary to malignancy were excluded. The frequency of women was significantly higher in group 2 (P=0.01). The mean age of patients in group 1 was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P=0.003). PUD developed earlier in group 3 than in group 2 (5.0+/-4.7 months versus 1.4+/-2.1 months, respectively, P=0.018). Thirty-two patients (32.7%) had bleeding peptic ulcer. Group 2 had a higher risk of bleeding peptic ulcer than the other two groups (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The development of PUD was observed earlier in the combined H pylori and NSAID group than in patients with only NSAID use. This suggests a synergic effect between the two risks factors in the development of PUD.     

大黄治疗非甾体抗炎药相关消化性溃疡疗效观察

[目的]观察大黄对非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)相关消化性溃疡的疗效.[方法]将NSAIDs相关消化性溃疡96例,分为大黄治疗组(48例)和对照组(48例),对照组采用基础治疗,方法为口服奥美拉唑和清除幽门螺杆菌;大黄治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加大黄粉口服.观察并比较2组的疗效.[结果]大黄治疗组痊愈19例(39.6％),好转26例(52.4％),无效3例(6.2％),总有效率93.8％;对照组痊愈16例(33.3％),好转22例(45.8％),无效10例(20.8％),总有效率79.2％;经x2检验,2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]大黄粉与西药结合治疗NSAIDs相关消化性溃疡疗效更优.