全膝关节置换术后异位骨化的形成及对临床效果的影响

目的探讨全膝关节置换术后异位骨化的产生、转归、相关因素及其对临床效果的影响.方法对248例(264膝)接受全膝关节置换术的患者进行3个月～2年的随访,119膝采用了保留后十字韧带型假体,145膝采用不保留后十字韧带的后稳定型假体.142例(150膝)患者术后两周内连续服用消炎痛,106例(114膝)患者未服用任何非甾体类抗炎药.术前X线片测量关节间隙骨赘的大小并分为1～3度.术后3、6、12、24个月拍摄X线片,根据异位骨化形成情况分级0级,无异位骨形成;Ⅰ级,骨化物＜2 cm;Ⅱ级,骨化物＞2 cm;Ⅲ级,骨化物＞5 cm.手术前后测量关节活动度,按照美国膝关节协会评分标准(KSS)评价膝关节功能.结果共有27膝(10.23%)膝关节发生了异位骨化,Ⅰ级13膝,Ⅱ级8膝,Ⅲ级6膝.Ⅲ级异位骨化患者术后12个月KSS评分(83.1±1.5)分,对照组(0级)(94.3±3.1)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Ⅲ级异位骨化患者术后12个月关节活动度88.2°±4.1°,对照组(0级)101.5°±4.8°,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术前关节2度、3度增生患者异位骨化的发生率高于1度增生患者(P=0.014,P=0.007).术后服用消炎痛患者异位骨化发生率低于未服用者(P＜ 0.01).使用保留后十字韧带型假体患者与使用后稳定型假体患者的异位骨化的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论全膝关节置换术后Ⅲ级异位骨化可引起临床症状和关节活动度受限.术前严重的增生会增加异位骨化的发生率.术后服用非甾体类抗炎药可降低异位骨化的发生率.异位骨化的发生与所用假体没有关系.     

全膝关节置换术后严重异位骨化与关节僵硬

[目的]探讨全膝关节置换术后严重异位骨化与关节僵硬的关系。[方法]对420例接受全膝关节置换术的患者随访,其中9例出现了Ⅲ级异位骨化,分别测量并记录该9例患者术后2周、12个月的疼痛评分和膝关节活动度,拍摄X线片,测量异位骨的大小。随机抽取9例无异位骨化的关节置换术后患者作为对照组,并测量疼痛评分及活动度。分别将异位骨化组和对照组的结果进行对比。[结果]关节置换术后Ⅲ级异位骨化的发病率为2.1%,X线片显示异位骨>5 cm,侵及股四头肌,引起关节疼痛。异位骨化组术后2周疼痛评分平均25.6分,关节最大伸直角度平均1.1°,最大屈曲角度119.1°,与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异位骨化组术后12个月疼痛评分平均15.56分,低于术后2周(P<0.01),与对照组术后12个月(25分)比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。关节活动度:伸直6.1°,屈曲91.7°与术后2周和对照组术后12个月比较均有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]全膝关节置换术后Ⅲ级异位骨化可以导致关节疼痛和活动度受限,是术后关节僵硬的原因之一,严重影响置换术后临床效果。     

ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期随访病例的异位骨化情况分析

【摘要】目的：观察ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期影像学随访结果。方法：2006年6月～2008年11月我院骨科行单节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗患者中,36例患者获得中长期随访,男22例,女14例,平均年龄44.7±8.1岁（27~62岁）。所有患者过伸过屈位X线片上采用McAfee分级评估假体置换节段异位骨化发生情况和异位骨化位置,采用White方法测量术前和末次随访的置换节段活动度,侧位X线片上采用Kellgren-Lawrence分级评估手术节段术前退变情况,分析其与末次随访时异位骨化的关系。结果：平均随访时间为108.6±27.0个月。36个手术节段术前活动度为9.0°±3.6°,末次随访时活动度为6.4°±3.2°,较术前明显降低（P＜0.05）。36个手术节段中有25个（69.4%）节段出现异位骨化,根据McAfee异位骨化分级,其中Ⅰ级异位骨化1个节段,Ⅱ级6个节段,Ⅲ级14个节段,Ⅳ级4个节段。出现异位骨化的25个节段中,异位骨化主要位于假体后方者11例,异位骨化主要位于假体前方者14例。手术节段术前退变Kellgren-Lawrence分级与异位骨化无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。结论：ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期随访异位骨化发生率高,降低了置换节段的活动度。     

Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化形成的临床因素分析

目的:分析Brvan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化形成的临床相关凶素.方法:回顾分析我院自2003年12月至2007年1月接受单节段Bryan人工颈椎问盘置换术的51例患者,使用Logistic回归分析术前病变节段椎间隙前方纤维环或前纵韧带钙化或骨化情况,术前病变节段椎间隙高度,围手术期非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)、激素的使用情况,术中出血量,术前、术后置换节段活动度以及手术前后脊柱功能单位(functional spine unit,FSU)高度变化等冈素与异位骨化形成的关系;并分析置换节段术后不同活动度(≤6°及＞6°)与异位骨化形成的关系.结果:本组中单节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后17例发生异位骨化,发生率为33.3%.所研究的相关因素中,仅术前病变节段椎间隙高度与相邻节段椎间隙高度的比值、术后手术节段活动度两项与术后异位骨化的形成具有显著相关性(P＜0.05).所有患者术前病变节段椎间隙高度与相邻节段椎间隙高度比值的平均值为0.86,出现异位骨化组的平均值为0.80.置换节段活动度术前平均7.6°,术后平均8.8°,术后异位骨化形成与术后置换节段活动度减少程度有关.术后置换节段活动度≤6°者11例,其中8例出现异位骨化形成;术后置换节段活动度＞6°者40例,其中9例发生异位骨化形成.两组间具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:术前病变节段椎间隙高度、术后手术节段活动度与术后异位骨化形成有关,术前节段椎间隙高度丢失＞20%者不适合行Bryan人工椎间盘置换术.     

腰椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘退变性疾病的中长期疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：评定腰椎人工椎间盘置换术（TDR）治疗腰椎间盘退变性疾病的中长期疗效。方法： 1999年12月~2006年12月应用Charite SB Ⅲ假体进行腰椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘退变性疾病患者65例,其中随访时间≥5年的患者48例,共52个假体。均在术前和末次随访时进行疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评定,测量术前及末次随访时手术节段的活动度和椎间隙高度。对上述数据进行统计学分析。结果: 随访时间≥5年但＜10年患者（A组）33例,≥10年者（B组）15例。术前、末次随访时疼痛VAS评分,A组分别为94.0±6.3分、23.0±3.1分,B组分别为92.0±5.8分、21.0±2.2分,每组末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前、末次随访时ODI,A组分别为（66.0±4.2）%、（12.0±2.9）%,B组分别为（65.0±7.8）%、（9.0±2.8）%,每组末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前、末次随访时手术节段活动度,A组分别为5.0°±2.3°、6.0°±1.1°,B组分别为4.0°±3.8°、6.0°±2.2°,每组末次随访时与术前比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;末次随访时3例患者手术节段基本丧失活动度（平均为1.2°±0.4°,术后5年1例,术后7年2例）,其余患者保留了2°~10°的活动度,平均为6.5°。48例患者中,出现相邻节段退变4例,其中1例患者术后8年出现腰痛,影像学检查发现手术相邻上位节段椎间盘退变并膨出,行手术治疗;1例患者术后7年手术相邻上位节段椎间隙高度较术前降低＞2mm,2例（术后5年、8年各1例）患者手术相邻上位节段椎体前缘骨赘高度＞3mm。2例出现假体移位（分别于术后5年和6.5年）,3例出现异位骨化（分别于术后6年、7年和9年）,均未出现临床症状。结论：腰椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘退变性疾病的中长期疗效较为满意。     

腰椎间盘人工髓核置换术后中期疗效分析

目的探讨人工髓核（prosthetic disc nucleus，PDN）置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中期疗效，初步评价PDN置换术的实用价值。方法自2002年2月至8月采用单枚PDN假体置换术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者28例，术后随访48个月者22例。临床疗效评价内容包括：术后的主观症状改善情况、手术节段活动度、手术节段椎间隙高度变化，观察并统计手术并发症发生情况，并与同期行单纯髓核摘除术者进行对照研究。结果PDN组除2例假体脱出再次手术取出外，其余患者术后临床症状均明显缓解。Oswestry功能障碍指数显著改善，术前平均为53％，术后第24个月为15．5％，第36个月为16％，第48个月为15％。Prolo评分术前为4．3分，术后第48个月为8．7分。腰椎活动度术后第24个月平均为12．0°，第36个月为12．5°，第48个月为12．0°。手术节段椎间隙高度有不同程度地降低，较术前平均降低约18％。主要并发症包括：术后早期一过性腰痛18例，假体脱出2例，术后48个月随访时发现假体下沉12例，软骨终板损伤15例。术后临床疗效与单纯髓核摘除组比较大致相当。结论单枚PDN置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效肯定，能有效地保持腰椎功能，但仍不能有效地维持手术节殷椎阁隙高席．尚存存一此较为严重的并发痒．因此府严格掌握手术活席证．慎莺开展此项手术。     

连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的长期研究

【摘要】 目的：对连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的长期观察研究。方法：回顾性分析我科2004年1月~2011年12月行连续双节段人工颈椎间盘置换术的患者21例,其中男性15例,女性6例;年龄33~72岁,平均50.4±8.8岁。C3/4、C4/5间盘置换5例,C4/5、C5/6间盘置换14例,C5/6、C6/7间盘置换2例。随访时间96~156个月,平均随访116.5±19.6个月。记录患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时改良日本骨科协会评分（modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association,mJOA）、视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,末次随访时在颈椎动力位X线片中测量人工颈椎间盘活动度,颈椎侧位X线片中测量颈椎曲度,采用McAfee分级法在颈椎侧位及动力位X线片上对人工颈椎间盘的异位骨化情况进行评估。结果：患者术前mJOA评分14.0±2.0分。术后3个月时mJOA评分15.2±1.8分,末次随访时mJOA评分16.8±1.2分,均较术前有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前VAS评分5.1±1.7分。术后3个月时VAS评分1.9±1.4分,末次随访时VAS评分0.9±0.8分,均较术前有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前颈椎曲度为平均16.7°±6.6°,末次随访时颈椎曲度为15.7°±7.3°,无统计学差异（P=0.25）。上位节段活动度为6.23°±10.13°,下位节段活动度为3.76°±4.81°,有统计学差异（P=0.025）。至末次随访时16例发生异位骨化,发生率为76.2%。根据McAfee分级,21例患者42个节段中,Ⅰ级5个节段,Ⅱ级5个节段,Ⅲ级14个节段,Ⅳ级7个节段,发生Ⅲ级以上HO的概率为50%,上位节段发生Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级HO的概率为38.0%,下位节段发生Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级HO的概率为61.9%。结论：长期随访发现行连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化发生率较高,且下位节段发生严重HO的概率明显增加。     

连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的长期研究

【摘要】 目的：对连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的长期观察研究。方法：回顾性分析我科2004年1月~2011年12月行连续双节段人工颈椎间盘置换术的患者21例，其中男性15例，女性6例；年龄33~72岁，平均50.4±8.8岁。C3/4、C4/5间盘置换5例，C4/5、C5/6间盘置换14例，C5/6、C6/7间盘置换2例。随访时间96~156个月，平均随访116.5±19.6个月。记录患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时改良日本骨科协会评分（modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association，mJOA）、视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale，VAS）评分，末次随访时在颈椎动力位X线片中测量人工颈椎间盘活动度，颈椎侧位X线片中测量颈椎曲度，采用McAfee分级法在颈椎侧位及动力位X线片上对人工颈椎间盘的异位骨化情况进行评估。结果：患者术前mJOA评分14.0±2.0分。术后3个月时mJOA评分15.2±1.8分，末次随访时mJOA评分16.8±1.2分，均较术前有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前VAS评分5.1±1.7分。术后3个月时VAS评分1.9±1.4分，末次随访时VAS评分0.9±0.8分，均较术前有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术前颈椎曲度为平均16.7°±6.6°，末次随访时颈椎曲度为15.7°±7.3°，无统计学差异（P=0.25）。上位节段活动度为6.23°±10.13°，下位节段活动度为3.76°±4.81°，有统计学差异（P=0.025）。至末次随访时16例发生异位骨化，发生率为76.2%。根据McAfee分级，21例患者42个节段中，Ⅰ级5个节段，Ⅱ级5个节段，Ⅲ级14个节段，Ⅳ级7个节段，发生Ⅲ级以上HO的概率为50%，上位节段发生Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级HO的概率为38.0%，下位节段发生Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级HO的概率为61.9%。结论：长期随访发现行连续双节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化发生率较高，且下位节段发生严重HO的概率明显增加。     

全髋关节置换术后异位骨化的临床研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后异位骨化的发生率,以及假体类型和手术入路对异位骨化发生的影响。方法对245例(262髋)患者行全髋关节置换术,男115例,女130例;骨水泥型假体178髋,非骨水泥型假体84髋,采用改良直接外侧入路227髋,后外侧入路35髋。观察末次随访X线片假体周围异位骨化的范围,并按Brooker分型分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ型。结果全髋关节置换术后异位骨化的发生率为11.1%;男性和女性患者术后异位骨化的发生率分别为13.0%和10.8%,异位骨化在骨水泥型和非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后的发生率分别为11.2%和10.7%,在后外侧入路和改良直接外侧入路的发生率分别为2.86%和12.3%,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。轻度(BrookerⅠ、Ⅱ型)和重度(BrookerⅢ、Ⅳ型)异位骨化的平均Harris评分分别为(90.47±3.76)和(81.35±2.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论异位骨化是全髋关节置换术后常见的并发症之一,在不同性别间的发生率相近。采用不同的手术入路、不同类型的髋关节假体,术后异位骨化的发生率无明显差异。严重的异位骨化将限制术后髋关节的功能。     

人工颈椎间盘置换术后早中期临床疗效及并发症评价

目的 观察采用Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症术后2-5年并发症的发生情况及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析45例颈椎间盘突出症患者,年龄31～59岁,平均46岁.临床症状以脊髓压迫为主者19例,神经根性症状为主者26例.单节段置换39例,双节段置换6例,共置人51个Bryan椎间盘假体.术后定期随访,摄颈椎动态X线片,部分患者完成MRI检查.观察置入假体位移、假体周围骨吸收、异位骨化、假体活动度及颈椎生理曲度变化.依照JOA评分(17分)和Odom标准评定神经功能改善,采用NDI(颈椎残障功能量表)评定术后临床症状改善和日常功能状态.结果 本组45例共置换51个节段.术后随访无一例假体前后位移大于2 mm,假体与椎体上、下终板无X线透光线存在,3例在置换节段上位椎体前下缘有轻微骨吸收,1例该处吸收接近2.5mm,1例随访出现自发性融合,1例置换节段发生Ⅲ度异位骨化,2例置换节段发生Ⅱ度异位骨化.术后置换假体活动度平均为9.1°,颈椎生理曲度有明显改善或恢复正常.患者神经功能有明显改善,以神经根性症状为主的患者上肢根性痛全部缓解.JOA评分由术前10.1分增加到终末随访时的15.2分.NDI评分从术前的42.5分降低到终末随访的29.5分,Odom评分临床成功率达到88.9%.结论 人工颈椎间盘置换术后早中期并发症少,具有良好的稳定性和活动度,术后神经功能恢复良好,但应设计更加完善的假体型号,以更好地适应国人的解剖参数.     

Heterotopic ossification after cervical disc replacement: clinical significance and radiographic analysis. A prospective study

Limited data is available regarding heterotopic ossification (HO) after cervical disc replacement (CDR). The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of HO after CDR with the Mobi-C artificial disc to identify the risk factors for HO, and to investigate whether HO affects clinical outcome and range of motion (ROM). Seventy one patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up was 21 months. Radiological evaluation included grading of HO and assessment of ROM for each level treated. HO was detectable in 23 treated segments (27.7%). The mean ROM was 8.1 degrees preoperatively and increased to 10.2 degrees at the last follow-up visit. Nevertheless, HO did not appear to affect clinical outcomes. HO appears to be a common complication after CDR. No specific risk factors have been clearly identified in our study. Long-term follow-up will be needed to assess the clinical significance of HO.     

单节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的发生率和疗效观察

目的评估单节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化发生情况,分析异位骨化对术后疗效影响。方法回顾分析2005年10月-2007年10月48例行单节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术患者临床资料。男27例,女21例;年龄33～51岁,平均40.5岁。脊髓型颈椎病8例,神经根型颈椎病27例,混合型颈椎病13例。病程2～14个月,平均10.3个月。病变节段:C3、43例,C4、56例,C5、630例,C6、79例。术后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、置换节段活动度评价疗效;并将患者按术后是否发生异位骨化分为两组,比较术后1、2、3、4年以上各指标差异。结果患者术中及术后均无严重并发症发生。48例均获随访,随访时间48～72个月,平均56.6个月。术后各时间点VAS评分及NDI均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);除术后3 d,其余各时间点置换节段活动度与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后4年共13例(27.08%)发生异位骨化,其中1级8例,2级3例,3级2例。异位骨化组和无异位骨化组患者术后各时间点置换节段活动度及VAS评分、NDI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单节段Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化发生率相对较高,异位骨化对人工颈椎间盘置换节段活动度影响较小,对术后疗效无明显影响。     

Long-term flexion-extension range of motion of the prodisc total disc replacement

The rationale for total disc replacement is avoidance of the junctional degeneration seen after arthrodesis by preservation of segmental motion. To justify the use of disc prostheses, it is essential to document maintained range of motion (ROM) and sagittal alignment at long-term follow-up. This is a retrospective radiographic study of 42 patients who had placement of 58 first-generation Prodisc prostheses at a mean follow-up of 8.7 years. Flexion-extension ROM was measured by Cobb's method. Junctional levels were evaluated for junctional degeneration. Pre- and postoperative global and segmental lordosis were measured. Prognostic patient factors predicting ROM of <2 degrees were evaluated. We observed ROM of at least 2 degrees in 66% of Prodisc prostheses at 8.7-year follow-up, although ROM was less than that reported in asymptomatic normal individuals. Mean ROM for disc prostheses with motion was 7.5 degrees at L3-L4, 6.2 degrees at L4-L5, and 4.1 degrees at L5-S1. Mean ROM for all prostheses was 3.8 degrees. The incidence of radiographic junctional degeneration was 24%, although no patients required surgery for symptomatic junctional degeneration. Mean ROM of prostheses below a degenerated junctional disc was 1.6 degrees compared with 4.7 degrees below a normal junctional disc (P < 0.035). Females were 3.5 times more likely to have ROM of <2 degrees. This is the longest published follow-up study of a lumbar disc replacement. The data show that ROM is preserved at long-term follow-up in the majority of patients. Global and segmental sagittal alignment improve after surgery. Furthermore, there is an association between ROM of disc prostheses and the development of junctional degeneration.     

Effect of heterotopic ossification after bryan-cervical disc arthroplasty on adjacent level range of motion: A finite element study

BackgroundQuantitative bone re-modelling theories suggest that bones adapt to mechanical loading conditions. Follow-up studies have shown that total disc replacement (TDR) modifies stress patterns in the bones, leading to heterotopic ossification (HO). Although there are a few studies on HO using finite element models (FEM), its effect on the adjacent levels and change in range of motion (ROM) have not been adequately investigated. This study interfaces the HO using bone re-modelling algorithm with a finite element solution and investigates the subsequent changes in segmental ROM.MethodsA FEM of the human cervical spine (C3–C7) was developed for this study, with material properties obtained from literature. The motion of the segments in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes under combined loading conditions of 1 Nm moment and 73.6 N compression were validated against experimental corridors. The natural disc between the C5–C6 segment was replaced with the Bryan artificial cervical disc, and changes in sagittal ROM were compared before and after HO. The process of HO was simulated using a bone remodelling algorithm using strain energy density (SED) as the mechanical stimuli.Results and conclusionOur study demonstrates the feasibility of using SED calculations from the flexion-extension loading conditions for prediction of HO after ADR. The current findings suggest that the nature of trabecular stresses, and the subsequent rate and location of HO formation could differ based on the geometric design and nature of constraint for different artificial discs. The Bryan disc significantly reduced ROM at the implanted level in flexion. However, in extension, ROM increased at the implanted level and decreased slightly at the adjacent levels. After HO, ROM drastically reduced at the implanted level in both extension and flexion, and showed a minor increase in the adjacent levels, indicating that biomechanical behavior of high-grade HO is similar to a fused segment, thereby reducing the intended and initial motion preservation.     

The factors that influence the postoperative segmental range of motion after cervical artificial disc replacement

Background contextAdvantages of cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR) are to preserve segmental range of motion (ROM) and avoid adjacent segmental disease. To achieve successful outcome after cervical ADR, ROM maintenance is important, but few authors have investigated the factors that influence the postoperative segmental ROM.PurposeTo evaluate the factors that influence the postoperative segmental ROM after cervical ADR.Study design/settingA retrospective clinical study.Patient sampleForty-one consecutive cervical ADR cases were analyzed.Outcome measuresDisc height, segmental and overall ROM, and clinical parameters checked with Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) in neck and arm pain were assessed.MethodsThere were 21 men and 20 women with a mean age of 45 years (range, 27–61 years). All cases were followed up for more than 2 years (range, 24–54 months; average, 31 months). Angles of the inserted implant on the immediate postoperative lateral radiographs, segmental and overall ROM (full flexion angle?full extension angle), disc height increment (immediate postoperative disc height?preoperative disc height), and adjacent segment changes at cephalad and caudal disc space were measured. Correlations between the factors and segmental ROM at last follow-up were analyzed.ResultsMean preoperative NDI was improved from 61.0 preoperatively to 11.5 at last follow-up, and mean VAS in the neck pain decreased from 56.8 preoperatively to 11.8 postoperatively and arm pain decreased from 68.1 to 18.0. The mean preoperative segmental ROM changed from 7.4±3.2° preoperatively to 10.4±5.9° at last follow-up, and mean preoperative disc height increased from 6.4±1.0 (4.1–8.4) mm preoperatively to 7.9±1.0 (6.3–9.9) mm postoperatively. The segmental ROM at last follow-up was not significantly correlated with preoperative segmental and overall ROM, angle of inserted implant, VAS, or age (p>.05). However, the segmental ROM at last follow-up was significantly correlated with the disc height increment (p=.046, r=0.374) and preoperative NDI (p=.026, r=0.412). The patient group with the postoperative segmental ROM greater than 10° had a significantly lower mean preoperative disc height than the group with the segmental ROM less than 10° (p=.050).ConclusionsAt a minimum of 2 years after cervical ADR, clinical outcomes were satisfactory in terms of function and pain scores. Within our results, the segmental ROM was not affected by preoperative ROM but postoperative disc height increment positively and preoperative disc height negatively.     

人工颈椎间盘置换术适应证及疗效探讨

目的 依据影像学评价标准及颈前路手术减压方式的选择探讨颈椎人工椎间盘置换手术的适应证.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年7月具有完整资料的175例行颈前路手术的颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症病例,行融合手术145例,人工椎间盘置换术30例.依据术前影像学评价标准对患者进行不同手术:(1)椎间隙减压融合术;(2)游离型椎间盘突出超过相邻椎体后缘高度1/2者,先通过椎间隙摘除游离的间盘组织碎块,再通过椎体次全切除确认是否将游离的间盘组织碎块完全摘除;(3)椎体次全切减压融合术;(4)ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术.单节段病变的脊髓型颈椎病按融合术及人工椎间盘置换术分组,比较两组日本矫形外科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)脊髓功能评分,评价两种手术方式疗效;统计并分析术前和术后1、3、6、12个月人工椎间盘置换节段运动范围.结果 单纯椎间盘突出、轻度椎间盘钙化、椎体后缘有较小骨赘形成的颈椎病可以通过椎间隙达到彻底减压行人工椎间盘置换术.椎体后缘有巨大骨赘形成、严重椎间盘钙化、相应椎间隙严重狭窄或融合、后纵韧带骨化、广泛的椎管狭窄需行椎体次全切除才能达到彻底减压.JOA评分平均改善率:融合术者为66.05%,人工椎间盘置换术者为67.13%,差异无统计学意义;人工椎间盘置换节段术后1、3、6、12个月运动范围与术前相比差异无统计学意义.结论 颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症,只要能通过前路椎间隙达到彻底减压就可行人工椎间盘置换术.单节段脊髓型颈椎病行人工椎间盘置换术和前路植骨融合内固定术近期手术疗效均良好,但人工椎间盘置换术使置换节段的运动范围得到保留.     

Heterotopic Ossification Negatively Influences Range of Motion After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) varies and is of unclear clinical significance. This study aimed to identify the incidence of HO in patients undergoing revision TKA for either stiffness or aseptic loosening/instability and determine if the presence of HO is associated with inferior absolute range of motion (ROM) and ROM gains.MethodsEighty-seven patients were prospectively enrolled and separated into 2 cohorts to evaluate ROM after revision TKA (2017-2019). Group 1 (N = 40) patients were revised for stiffness, while group 2 (N = 47) patients were revised for either aseptic loosening or instability. Goniometer-measured ROM values were obtained preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Statistical analysis included a Fisher’s exact test to assess for an association between preoperative HO and final ROM at 1 year after revision TKA.ResultsHO was identified on preoperative radiographs in 17 patients (20%). There was a significantly higher rate of preoperative HO in patients revised for stiffness compared to patients revised for instability or loosening (30% vs 11%; P = .03). Five cases of HO qualitatively identified as most clinically severe were associated with lower ROM at each time point compared to the remainder of HO cases in this study cohort (P < .02).ConclusionThe presence of HO is greater in patients undergoing revision TKA for stiffness. Additionally, HO severity appears to have a major effect on preoperative and postoperative ROM trajectory. This information should help guide patient expectations and highlight the need for a comprehensive, standardized classification system for HO.     

多件式人工颈椎间盘置换在神经根型颈椎病中的应用及疗效观察

目的 探讨前路人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2009年11月,共67例神经根型颈椎病患者采用Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘假体行颈前路人工间盘置换术,术后3 d、3、6个月、1年及以上进行随访观察,采用SF-36健康调查评分(SF-36)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估临床疗效.术前及术后行颈椎正侧位及动力位X线片检查观察手术节段的椎间高度、活动度(ROM)和异位骨化的情况.结果 67例患者,随访51例,失访16例,随访时间13～31个月,平均19.7个月.所有患者临床症状均明显改善,术前及术后SF-36评分6个维度及VAS评分差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).VAS颈痛由术前4.6±0.4减少至术后的2.0±0.5,VAS臂痛由术前6.5±0.4降低至术后的1.3±0.4.椎间隙高度术前为(6.5±1.1)mm,末次复查为(7.7 ±0.9)mm,两者间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术节段ROM术前为7.2°±3.1°,术后末次随访为8.1°±3.2°,两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).24例(47.0%)患者术后1年出现手术节段异位骨化(McAfee Ⅰ级17例,Ⅱ级7例),但无相应临床症状,未见其他手术相关并发症发生.结论 人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗神经根型颈椎病能有效的改善神经功能及临床症状,并可维持颈椎活动度、恢复椎间高度和颈椎生理弧度,近期疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C prosthesis for treatment of cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy.Methods From March 2008 to November 2009,a group of 67 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were analyzed retrospectively.The short form-36 physical component summary(SF-36)and visual analogue scale(VAS)score were used to compare clinical outcome pre-and postoperatively.The follow-up was performed at 3 d,3 months,6 months and 1 year postoperatively.Static and dynamic radiography were taken to evaluate height of disc space,range of motion(ROM)and heterotopic ossification(HO)of index levels.Results Fifty-one cases were followed up,16 cases were lost.Average follow-up was for 19.7 months(13-31 months).All of patients had improvement for clinical symptoms.There was a significant difference on SF-36 between pre-and postoperatively.The significant difference was found in VAS score in which neck pain was decreased from preoperative 4.6 ± 0.4 to postoperative 2.0 ± 0.5(P＜0.05),arm pain was decreased from preoperative 6.5 ± 0.4 to postoperative 1.3 ±0.4(P ＜0.05).There was a significant difference in height of disc space which was increased from preoperative(6.5 ± 1.1)mm to(7.7 ± 0.9)mm(P ＜0.05).ROM was increased from preoperative 7.2°±3.1° to latest follow-up 8.1°±3.2°,however,no significant difference was found concerning ROM pre- and postoperatively(P＞0.05).No other complications were met during follow-up period other than the 17 cases of heterotopic ossification in Class Ⅰ ,the 7 cases in Class Ⅱ in 1 year postoperatively,but no any correlation were found between the radiographic finding in HO and clinical symptoms.Conclusions Cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C could improve neurofunctional symptoms,maintain ROM of index level and height of disc space.For accurate patient selection,long term follow-up is still needed in prospective randomized study.     

Measurement of total disc replacement radiographic range of motion: a comparison of two techniques

OBJECTIVE: Current methods used to measure total disc replacement (TDR) radiographic range of motion (ROM) have not been previously evaluated. Sagittal ROM is measured by determining the change in the Cobb angle of the prosthesis from the flexion to the extension radiographs. Either the metallic endplates or the keels of the TDR prosthesis can be used as radiographic landmarks in measuring ROM. We hypothesized that use of the prosthesis keels as radiographic landmarks, when compared with the use of prosthesis endplates, might lead to more precise measurements of TDR sagittal ROM. METHODS: Two observers (a fifth-year orthopedics resident and an attending orthopedic spine surgeon) measured the ROM of 51 Prodisc II TDRs on standard flexion and extension lumbar spine radiograph sets. Repeated measurements were made on two occasions using either the keels or the endplates as landmarks. Precision was defined as the mean of the absolute differences between measurements. RESULTS: For observer A, the mean absolute difference between two measurements was 1.4 degrees with the keel method compared with 3.0 degrees with the endplate method (P < 0.001). For observer B, the mean absolute difference between two measurements was 1.8 degrees with the keel method and 3.3 degrees with the endplate method (P < 0.001). When the interobserver differences were examined, the mean absolute difference was 1.8 degrees with the keel method and 3.3 degrees with the endplate method (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the use of TDR prosthesis keels as radiographic landmarks, when compared with the use of prosthesis endplates, yields greater precision in ROM measurement. For TDR prostheses with a keel, we recommend using the keel to measure ROM.     

Comparison of elbow contracture release in elbows with and without heterotopic ossification restricting motion

We compared 16 patients with post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) restricting elbow motion (but not complete bony ankylosis) after elbow trauma with 21 patients with capsular contracture alone to test the hypothesis that HO is associated with diminished motion after release. Patients with burns or head injury were excluded. The preoperative flexion arc averaged 59 degrees in the HO cohort and 52 degrees in the capsular contracture cohort. The mean flexion arc after the index surgery improved by 54 degrees to a mean arc of 113 degrees in the HO cohort and by 35 degrees to a mean of 87 degrees in the capsular contracture cohort (P = .02). After all subsequent procedures (including procedures to address residual stiffness in 1 patient in the HO cohort and 4 patients in the capsular contracture cohort), the flexion arc averaged 116 degrees in the HO cohort and 98 degrees in the capsular contracture cohort (P = .19). Open release of post-traumatic elbow stiffness is more effective when HO hindering motion is removed than when there is capsular contracture alone.