儿童腺样体肥大的X线诊断分析(附120例报告)

目的探讨鼻咽部侧位CR片对儿童腺样体肥大的诊断价值。方法收集经临床及手术证实的儿童腺样体肥大120例,均摄取鼻咽部侧位CR片,测量顶后壁软组织厚度(A值)和鼻咽腔宽度(N值),并计算A/N比值。结果120例儿童腺样体肥大病例鼻咽部顶后壁软组织均不同程度增厚,为13.7~27.3 mm,均值达21.9 mm,并可见鼻咽腔不同程度受压变窄,A/N比值平均比率>0.70,达0.80。结论鼻咽部侧位CR片测量,是一种简便准确可行的儿童腺样体肥大的诊断方法。     

小儿腺样体肥大的X线表现

目的：总结腺样体肥大的平片表现并介绍两种实用的测量方法。材料与方法：１３６例中,男８８例,女４８例,打鼾１３６例,张口呼吸１２６例。正常组１３２例。均常规摄吸气期鼻咽侧位平片,采用测Ａ／ｎ比值及平行曲线法阅片。结果：（１）正常组：Ａ／ｎ比值均≤０．６６,鼻咽顶部,后欠边缘不凸过（１０７例）或轻微凸入（２５例）平行曲线;（２）异常组：鼻咽顶部,后壁软组织增厚,咽腔变窄。Ａ／ｎ比值均〉０．７０,其中１     

鼻咽腺样体肥大的MR及CT诊断

目的:探讨腺样体肥大的CT及MR诊断价值及腺样体-鼻咽腔比率(A/N比值)对判断腺样体肥大程度的应用。方法:分析139例腺样体肥大患者的CT及MR表现,其中作CT矢状面图像重组或MR矢状面扫描的42例。重点观察病变部位的形态改变、邻近解剖关系及其并发症,并对其矢状面图像进行A/N比值测定。结果:腺样体肥大的CT及MR表现为鼻咽顶后壁中央弥漫性的软组织增生,呈团块状、山丘样突出或不规则增厚,咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘区均无浸润表现,邻近骨质无异常改变。腺样体肥大指数A/N比值≥0.71有33例,0.70≥A/N比值≥0.61有7例,A/N比值≤0.60有2例。结论:CT和MR的横断面图像及矢状面图像的A/N比值的测定能准确地诊断腺样体肥大,明确并发症,并能准确量化肥大程度。     

多层螺旋CT对儿童腺样体肥大的诊断价值

目的:探讨儿童腺样体肥大的多层螺旋CT表现及临床应用价值。方法:对41例患儿鼻咽部进行多层螺旋CT扫描,并进行矢状位重组,测量A/N值。结果:CT平扫所见鼻咽顶后壁软组织弥漫性增厚、鼻咽腔变窄,10例伴有鼻窦炎,6例伴有分泌性中耳炎。A/N值≤0.60者6例,介于0.60与0.70者15例,>0.70者20例。结论:多层螺旋CT检查儿童腺样体肥大有明显地优势,应作为腺样体肥大术前检查的首选方法。     

数字化摄影诊断腺样体肥大的价值(附86例分析)

目的:探讨鼻咽部侧位片对小儿腺样体肥大的诊断价值。方法:86例怀疑腺样体肥大患儿均摄鼻咽部侧位片,测量腺样体厚度、鼻咽腔宽度及后气道宽度(PAS),并计算腺样体指数A/N,以评估腺样体肥大程度。结果:A/N≤0.60者16例,0.61～0.70者14例,A/N≥0.71者56例;PAS≤5mm者36例;6～10mm者24例;≥10mm者26例。结论:X线鼻咽侧位片是诊断腺样体肥大简单、经济的一种重要检查方法。     

螺旋CT诊断儿童腺样体肥大的临床应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在诊断儿童腺样体肥大的临床应用价值。方法:对68例患儿行鼻咽部行轴位CT扫描,层厚3.75mm,行0.625mm矢状面重建,观察腺样体形态并测量A/N比值。结果:68例均为腺样体弥漫性增大并向前不同程度突入后鼻孔,伴有双侧咽鼓管口淋巴组织增生及副鼻窦炎48例、中耳乳突炎25例、扁桃体肥大33例、鼻甲肥大57例。A/N≤0.61≥0.70者28例,A/N≥0.71者40例。结论:CT检查能全面准确显示腺样体肥大及阻塞鼻咽腔的程度,同时可以显示其并发症,CT检查是腺样体肥大术前检查的首选。     

咽侧壁厚度在腺样体肥大CT诊断中的临床价值

目的 研究咽侧壁厚度在腺样体肥大CT诊断中的临床价值.方法 分析117例临床考虑腺样体肥大患者的CT表现,重点观察腺样体厚度、咽侧壁厚度,对其矢状面图像进行腺样体与鼻咽腔宽度(A/N)比值测定,探讨比值与咽侧壁厚度的相关性.结果 117例患者中,Ⅰ组A/N≥0.70,50例,咽侧壁厚度为(1.26±0.33)cm;Ⅱ组0.60   

鼻咽腺样体肥大的CT诊断

目的:探讨鼻咽腺样体肥大的CT表现及其鉴别诊断。方法:分析30例鼻咽腺样体肥大的CT表现,重点观察病变部位、咽旁软组织间隙、副鼻窦及乳突改变。结果:鼻咽顶壁和后壁软组织增厚,弥漫性向前下突出22例,呈山丘样突出8例,伴有双侧咽鼓管口淋巴组织增生及副鼻窦炎9例,伴中耳乳突炎5例,伴面骨发育障碍牙列不齐,堵塞后鼻孔2例。结论:鼻咽腺样体肥大不累及咽缝,无咽旁间隙侵犯。     

小儿鼾症鼻咽部侧位片105例X线分析

目的：通过对105例小儿鼾症鼻咽部侧位片的X线观察,探讨简便及适合基层医院的判断腺样体大小的检查方法。方法：105例小儿鼾症均照鼻咽部侧位片,采用A/N法测量及平行曲线法测量腺样体。结果：38例A/N≤0.6,59例A/N0.61~0.7,8例A/N≥0.71。结论：鼻咽部侧位片是了解腺样体大小的简便廉价有效的方法,可常规作为首选。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的X线诊断

目的:探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的病因、X线征象及其在本病中应用的价值.方法:对75例经多导睡眠检测(PSG)确诊的OSAHS儿童患者,应用仰卧位X线咽腔侧位及张口位造影片检查,观察及测量腺样体形态、厚度,扁桃体大小,咽腔宽度等.并进行统计学处理及分析.结果:单纯腺样体肥大14例(18.67%);单纯扁桃体肥大5例(6.7%);两者均大56例(74.7%);合并副鼻窦炎4例(5.3%).腺样体呈双弧形突出34例(45.3%);单弧形突出36例(48%).厚度最大26 mm,最小11.5 mm,平均17.67 mm.A/N:最大0.94,最小0.50,其中≤0.60的5例,0.60～0.70的22例,0.71～0.80的29例,＞0.80的19例,平均值0.74.扁桃体肥大,最大37 mm×18 mm,平均值24.88 mm×13.50 mm.口咽腔横径:最宽17 mm,最窄1.5 mm,平均值7 mm.单纯扁桃体肥大与单纯腺样体肥大及扁桃体肥大合并单纯腺样体肥大的AHI、鼾声指数、最低SaO2(%)、平均SaO2(%)比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);单纯腺样体肥大与扁桃体肥大合并单纯腺样体肥大比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).AHI轻、中、重度各组间扁桃体各级分布较均匀,差异无显著性意义.腺样体各级分布差异有显著性意义.扁桃体、腺样体均达到Ⅲ、Ⅳ的AHI轻度组为23.0%,中度为58.3%重度为75.6%,轻度与重度组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论:OSAHS的的主要原因为腺样体、扁桃体肥大,腺样体肥大与OSAHS之间有相关性,扁桃体作用不明显,同时存在可产生相加效应.X线在本症诊断中具有较高的诊断及应用价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.