儿科过敏的个案报道

Introduction Allergic diseases are unfortunately on the increase. This is due to the massive exposure to chemicals and pollutants contained in the air we breathe, in the food we eat and in the water we drink. This is also due both to the stressful life we lead nowadays, which causes energetical unbalances in our immune system, and to the contact with unfamiliar allergens coming from foreign Countries.     

基于“滞伤脾胃，百病乃生”观探析现代过敏性疾病的防治

花粉、粉尘、食物、药物及寄生虫等抗原物质刺激机体引起的组织损伤或生理功能紊乱，称作过敏性疾病（Allergic disease）。皮肤过敏、耳鼻喉过敏、呼吸道过敏、消化道过敏、血管变态过敏、其他系统过敏及过敏性休克等是最常见的过敏性疾病。过敏性疾病往往是内外因相合而发病，即在“现代”“三因”致病因素的长期反复作用下，最终出现脾胃虚弱，脾胃气机升降失常，从而产生水湿、痰饮、湿毒、浊毒、瘀血、血热，导致各种过敏性疾病的发生。现代过敏性疾病与中医脾胃功能失常密切相关，由此，我们提出“滞伤脾胃，百病乃生”是过敏性疾病基本病机，从“脾胃虚滞”论治过敏性疾病。进一步探讨和研究“滞伤脾胃，百病乃生”理论及从“脾胃虚滞”论治现代过敏性疾病，对过敏性疾病及脾胃相关病的防治具有重要的临床指导意义。     

New insights into roles of basophils in initiating T helper type 2 immunity

Allergic diseases, mainly mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) immunity, have become a worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in treating and preventing allergic symptoms. As the new target of anti-allergy TCM, basophils, after approximately 140 years since their discovery, are just now gaining respect as important contributors in the pathogenesis underlying allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to their role as effector cells, basophils can release early IL-4, migrate from circulatory system into draining lymph nodes, present antigen to naive CD4+ T cells, and promote the differentiation of Th2 cells. Herein, we briefly summarized the recent research advances of the essential contributions of basophils in the initiation of Th2 immune responses.     

New insights into roles of basophils in initiating T helper type 2 immunity

Allergic diseases, mainly mediated by T helper type 2(Th2) immunity, have become a worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has long been used in treating and preventing allergic symptoms. As the new target of anti-allergy TCM, basophils, after approximately 140 years since their discovery, are just now gaining respect as important contributors in the pathogenesis underlying allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to their role as effector cells, basophils can release early IL-4, migrate from circulatory system into draining lymph nodes, present antigen to naive CD4~+T cells,and promote the differentiation of Th2 cells. Herein, we briefly summarized the recent research advances of the essential contributions of basophils in the initiation of Th2 immune responses.     

A MISDIAGNOSED CASE OF SACROILIAC JOINT INJURY AND MALPOSITION

Sacroiliac joint malposition is one of the main causes evoking lumbocrural pain. Because its clinical symptoms are similar to those induced either by lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion or by ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at the early stage, and because X-ray results taken at its early stage were not evident for differentiating the diseases, misdiagnosis may occur in some doctors due to lack of experience. The authors treated several cases of pain in hip joint, which had been diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis.     

整脊治疗骶髂关节损伤与错位误诊案例

Sacroiliac joint malposition is one of the main causes evoking lumbocrural pain. Because its clinical symptoms are similar to those induced either by lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion or by ankylosing spondylitis （AS） at the early stage, and because X-ray results taken at its early stage were not evident for differentiating the diseases,     

Advances in anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine

Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.     

基于临床用药特点的儿科中成药思考

儿科常见的疾病主要有呼吸系统感染、消化系统疾病、免疫系统疾病、皮肤系统疾病等4大类。支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺炎等呼吸系统疾病是儿科常见病,这3种疾病多以发烧、咳嗽、流鼻涕等现象为主,并多与儿童体质弱有关;儿童消化系统疾病以厌食、呕吐、腹泻、便秘为主;皮肤系统疾病有如头癣、足癣、皮肤癣等癣类疾病,荨麻疹、湿疹等过敏性疾病,痱子、晒伤等皮肤病等。儿童是特殊的用药群体,身体正处于生长发育阶段,各器官发育尚未成熟,具有对疾病的易感性强,应激能力低,对药物反应不敏感等特点,故对药品的用法和用量有其特殊要求。儿童是祖国的未来,然而儿科用药问题重重,儿科用药值得深思。中成药是根据中医药的理法方药和辨证施治的规律及历代治疗经验总结出来的有效方剂经加工而成的丸、散、膏、丹、口服液等中药制剂,多为复方制剂,是经过千百年的医疗实践总结的精华。目前常用的中成药剂型以片剂、丸药、胶囊、口服液、散剂为多。儿科中成药有药性平和、使用方便、含量稳定、量效可控、疗效确切等优点,临床应用广泛。为了确保应用儿科中成药的有效性和安全性,针对儿科患者的特殊性,严格把握儿科中成药的一些注意事项,本文通过分析儿科中成药应用中存在的问题及相应的对策规范保障儿科中成药,提高儿童用药的可及性。     

中医“以饮论治”鼻鼽的理论浅述

鼻鼽,又称"鼽嚏",为中医耳鼻咽喉科疾病。祖国医学对本病的认识由来已久,在历代医家经过长期的实践后,对本病的认识逐渐深刻,尤其在临证方面亦积累了丰富的经验。近年来,导师根据本病的发病特点和诊治规律,首次提出"以饮论治"鼻鼽的学术观点,是对中医论治鼻鼽理论体系的丰富和延展。笔者试从理、法、方、药角度,来浅述中医"以饮论治"鼻鼽的理论内涵。     

Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic–immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system. In the chronic inflammation microenvironment, the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes, which interfere with the normal function of immune cells. Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs, such as the stomach, liver, and colorectum. This metabolic–immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories of “yin-yang disharmony” and “disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.” The metabolic–immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting “treatment of different diseases with the same method,” in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions. In the TCM treatment process, it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function, thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy. Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic–immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic–immune dysregulation, pattern identification, and treatment method. They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of “treating different diseases with the same method.     

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Intestinal Diseases

Although irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are clinically common diseases with unclear pathogenesis, both of them are related to the immune system. With progress in studies on their pathogenesis, the two diseases are currently believed to be associated with the presence of intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal immune disorder. In recent years, a new approach for the prevention and treatment of chronic intestinal disease is to protect the complete structure and normal immunity of the intestinal mucosal barrier during the treatment of intestinal diseases. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may have more advantages in regulating the imbalance of the intestinal immune microenvironment, as various single herbs and compounds of TCM have been investigated from the perspective of immune regulation. The use of TCM is prevalent in China. The effectiveness of these therapies appears to be supported by preliminary evidence and clinical experience, although the mechanisms that underlie these effects will require further research. In this paper, with common chronic bowel diseases including IBS, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease as the research objects, the relationship between TCM and immunity was explored from the perspectives of the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosal immune injury, the correlation between TCM syndromes and immune disorders, and TCM immune regulation. Moreover, the problems and limitations of the present study were pointed out, and several suggestions were proposed. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential mechanism of TCM on intestinal mucosal immunity in chronic intestinal diseases.     

基于中医体质理论的脱敏止嚏汤对变应性鼻炎Th1/Th2平衡调控机制探讨

变应性鼻炎（AR）,顽固难愈、复发率高,严重影响患者的生活质量。中医体质学认为AR等过敏性疾病与自身体质密切相关,过敏体质人群机体免疫调适能力低下、对外界致敏原反应增强是导致AR的根本原因。全国名老中医药专家王琦教授从调体入手自拟脱敏止嚏汤,临床观察可有效防治AR。现代免疫学理念认为Th亚群极化后的细胞因子类型决定了机体免疫系统对致敏原的应答状态,鼻腔黏膜Th2极化趋向是AR发生的关键环节,也是干预的重要切入点。前期研究亦发现过敏体质人Th亚群细胞因子调节紊乱。由此提出：Th亚群极化异常是过敏体质的主要分子机制,也是脱敏止嚏汤调体治疗AR的主要作用机理,通过调节Th1/Th2平衡可以从根本上阻断AR的发生发展。     

蛇床子素药理作用及相关机制研究进展

蛇床子属于伞形科植物蛇床的干燥成熟果实,为传统中药,临床上主要以外用为主,其主要化学成分为蛇床子素。蛇床子素又名甲氧基欧芹酚,是中药蛇床子的主要化学成分之一,也是蛇床子的主要药理活性成分,属于香豆素类化合物。目前研究已发现蛇床子素具有较强的药理学活性,对心脑血管系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统疾病等多种疾病均具有显著的治疗作用。     

The potential role of B5: A stitch in time and switch in cytokine

The wound healing process is a multifaceted sequence of activities associated with tissue restoration. Novel approaches for the perfection of wound healing have been determined as a stitch in time saves nine. Dysregulation of the immune response is a key element in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and serves as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies. Vitamin B5 (VB5), also known as pantothenate or “anti‐stress vitamin,” is the precursor of coenzyme A, which is essential in every micro‐organism. Many pantothenic acid amides acquire persuasive antimicrobial activity. Pantothenic acid improves surgical wounds healing with moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. Its deficiency leads to reduced cortisol production, increased arthritic pain, myalgia, fatigue, headache, depression, insomnia, and widespread “proinflammatory” effects on the immune‐system. VB5 triggers immune cells to produce cytokines and is multifunctional. The paradoxical effect of VB5 on the switch of anti‐inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines has been revealed. This review aims to present the long research journey of B5 as it is becoming a forerunner in the healing of wounds and in enhancing the immune function, thus providing potentially important therapeutic implications. As its role in healing a wound stitch is promising, amending the immune system damage too is a hopeful target.     

六味地黄方对中枢神经系统疾病药理作用的研究进展

中枢神经系统疾病给患者和社会都造成了巨大痛苦，但是依旧缺乏令人满意的治疗方法。中枢神经系统处于神经内分泌免疫网络（NIM）之中，受到免疫系统以及内分泌系统的影响。中医“肾虚”的概念与NIM紊乱相关。六味地黄方常被用来治疗“肾阴虚”，其作用机制与NIM密切相关。六味地黄方在临床上也可以被用来治疗中枢神经系统疾病，不仅用于治疗阿尔兹海默症、帕金森症、脑卒中、围绝经期伴随的焦虑抑郁，更被应用于精神分裂症的治疗。总结了六味地黄方如何从神经系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统3个层次发挥了对中枢神经系统疾病的治疗作用，以期挖掘出六味地黄方在神经发育障碍疾病及其他中枢神经系统疾病的潜在治疗可能性。     

综合按摩疗法治疗过敏性鼻炎

过敏性鼻炎是引起鼻不通的常见原因之一。它又称变态反应性鼻炎,分常年性和季节性。起病原因复杂,与很多因素有关,如内分泌失调、神经精神因素、抗原一抗体反应以及遗传因素等。     

药食同源植物多糖与肠道菌群互作并改善炎症性肠病研究进展

肠道是人体最大的免疫系统,肠道菌群能够产生大量维持机体健康的代谢产物,如短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸等,调节宿主生理活动和改善疾病状态。多糖为药食同源植物的主要药理活性物质,由于其具有易溶、毒性低等优点,近年来受到广泛关注。药食同源植物多糖进入生物体内不易被胃肠道消化吸收,但可被肠道菌群分泌的多糖降解酶降解,具有潜在的益生元特性。药食同源植物多糖通过调控肠道菌群结构和功能介导炎症性肠病的发生,并作为益生元与益生菌形成合生元改善炎症性肠病。对药食同源植物多糖与肠道菌群的互作机制、介导肠道菌群并作为益生元改善炎症性肠病的研究进展进行综述,以期为治疗炎症性肠病药物的开发和应用提供参考。     

针灸与先天性免疫

针灸作为一种调节人体功能的手段,除了作用于神经系统之外,很多研究结果显示:针灸也作用于免疫系统,尤其是先天免疫系统。先天性免疫系统由细胞因子、补体和产生细胞因子的免疫细胞组成,其核心是由细胞因子形成的相互作用的复杂网络。免疫细胞通过细胞因子的相互促进和抑制,从而达到调节炎性反应/抗炎、疼痛/抑制疼痛、细胞繁殖/细胞凋亡等多种目的。另外,先天免疫与神经系统相互依存,相互作用,不同细胞因子对外周神经和中枢神经的许多疾病过程起着诱导或治疗的作用;同样,神经系统则通过迷走神经、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴对不同的免疫细胞所产生的细胞因子功能起着抑制或促进作用。针灸对细胞因子的影响已有不少报道,它们为针灸对先天免疫功能的调节提供了一些证据。为了进一步了解针灸是如何调节免疫功能的,本文提出一个细胞因子的系统检测方法。此法选取炎性反应/抗炎、生长因子和金属蛋白酶等有代表性的细胞因子,系统地评价针灸的作用,为探索针灸的免疫机制提供一个较全面的实验基础。     

基于“脾胃功能失司”浅谈幽门螺旋杆菌与多种过敏性疾病之间的相关性

过敏性疾病有发病率高、遗传倾向、受累多个器官、治疗棘手、难以根除等特点,已经成为影响人类健康的重大问题。幽门螺旋杆菌是一种可以持续定植于人体胃黏膜并引起胃炎、胃溃疡等消化道疾病的一种革兰氏阴性菌。研究发现,幽门螺旋杆菌与哮喘、荨麻疹以及紫癜等过敏性疾病存在某种联系,故文章从脾胃功能失司的角度来探讨幽门螺旋杆菌与哮喘、荨麻疹、紫癜等过敏性疾病之间的相关性,以期为过敏性疾病的临床诊疗提供借鉴意义。