丝瓜叶的三萜皂甙，丝瓜皂甙Q

从丝瓜（Luffa cylindrica(L.)M.Roem.)叶中分得一种新的五环三萜皂苷和芹菜素，用光谱学和化学方法确定该皂苷的结构为21β－羟基齐墩果酸－28－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖苷，命名为丝瓜皂苷Q。     

西洋参果的一个新三萜皂苷

从加拿大产西洋参ＰａｎａｘｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆｏｌｉｕｍＬ.果实中分离得到了个新的三萜皂苷,通过理化性质分析和波谱解析(ＭＳ、1ＤＮＭＲ、2ＤＮＭＲ),确定其结构为20(Ｓ)3[ＯβＤ吡喃葡萄糖基(12)βＤＫ比喃葡萄糖基]达玛22Ｚ,24二烯3,12,20三醇,命名为西洋参皂苷Ｆ1(1)(ｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｎｏｓｉｄｅＦ1),结构见图1.西洋参皂苷Ｆ1(1)为白色无定型粉未,ｍｐ:195～197℃(ＭｅＯＨ).ＬｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎｎＢｕｒｃｈａｒｄ反应、Ｍｏｌｉｓｈ反应阳性,10%硫酸水解检出葡萄糖.ＦＡＢＭＳ(ｍ/ｚ):806[Ｍ Ｎａ Ｈ] .1ＨＮＭＲ(300ＭＨｚ,Ｃ5Ｄ5Ｎ…     

A Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Principle from Hairy Roots and Seeds of Luffa cylindrica (L) Roem and its Cytotoxicity on Melanotic and Amelanotic Melanoma Cell Lines

Single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (sc-RIP) are plant proteins that deadenylate ribosomal RNA at a specific site corresponding to A4324 of 28S r-RNA; they are therefore highly specific RNA N-glycosidases. RIPs have been studied as potential tumor cytotoxic agents, both in their native form and after conjugation with monoclonal antibodies. This study tested the sc-RIP extracts from the seeds and hairy root tissue cultures of Luffa cylindrica (established by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 1855) for inhibitory effects on the growth of in vitro melanotic and amelanotic human melanoma cell lines. Crude extracts from hairy roots and seeds inhibited protein synthesis in a reaction mixture containing an in vitro translation system based on rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Inhibitory activity increased during the hairy root culture period, reaching a maximum value in the stationary phase. Growth was inhibited in melanotic and amelanotic melanoma cells exposed to crude extracts from hairy roots and seeds of Luffa cylindrica for 24, 48 and 72 h.     

Antifungal Activity of a New Triterpenoid Glycoside from Pithecellobium racemosum (M.)

Purpose. In a continuation of our search for novel antifungal compounds from higher plants, the standard extract of the bark of Pithecellobium racemosum was found to have good activity against important AIDS-related opportunistic yeasts. Methods. The extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation using silica gel column chromatography which led to purification of triterpene glycosides. The structures of these compounds were determined by a combination of spectroscopic (IR, NMR, HRMS) and chemical methods. Results. Compound 1 is a new glycoside, 3-O[-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 -2)][-L arabinopyranosyl (1 -6)]2-acetoamido-2-deoxy--D-gluco-pyranosyl oleanolic acid and Compound 2 was identified as the known compound 3-O-[-L-arabinopyranosyl (l-2)]-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-6)] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy--D-glucopyranosyl echinocystic acid. Conclusions. Compound 1 is a new glycoside, 3-O-[-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-2)]-L-arabinopyranosyl (l-6)]-2-acetoamido-2-deoxy--D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid and exhibits moderate antifungal activity against T. mentogrophytes, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae with MIC values of 6.25, 12.5 and 12.5 g/ml respectively.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Leaves and Stems of Panax Quinquefolium L

In the chemical investigation on the saponin composition of leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L., two new minor dammarane saponins, quinquenoside L₁ (1) and L₂ (2) have been isolated. By means of physico-chemical evidences and spectral analysis their structures were established as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-dammara-23,25-diene-3β, 12β, 20(S)-triol (1) and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-D-glucopyranosyl-(24Z)-dammar-24-ene-3β, 12β, 20(S), 26-tetraol (2).     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Leaves and Stems of Panax Quinquefolium L

Abstract

In the chemical investigation on the saponin composition of leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L., two new minor dammarane saponins, quinquenoside L₁ (1) and L₂ (2) have been isolated. By means of physico-chemical evidences and spectral analysis their structures were established as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-dammara-23,25-diene-3β, 12β, 20(S)-triol (1) and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-D-glucopyranosyl-(24Z)-dammar-24-ene-3β, 12β, 20(S), 26-tetraol (2).     

Anti-allergic effect of bryonolic acid from Luffa cylindrica cell suspension cultures.

The anti-allergic activity of bryonolic acid (1) isolated from the cultured cells of Luffa cylindrica L. (Cucurbitaceae) was compared with that of glycyrrhetinic acid (2), the aglycone of glycyrrhizin from licorice. Compound 1, when administered to rats intraperitoneally at a dose of 600 mg/kg, inhibited homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis more strongly than 2 at the same dose. Compound 1 also significantly inhibited delayed hypersensitivity in mice which could not be inhibited by 2. In contrast to 2, 1 showed not only little toxicity but no visible side effects on mice, without impairing the activity of the hepatic enzyme (4,5 beta-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ delta 4-oxidoreductase) involved in steroid catabolism.     

九里香中香豆素Paniculal的化学合成途径

本文以间苯二酚和D,L-苹果酸为原料,主要通过了pechmann反应、Reimer-Tiemann反应、Duff反应及醚化反应来制备目标化合物。总收率为21．86％。目标化合物的结构经核磁共振氢谱碳谱确证。     

东北铁线莲三萜皂苷对照品的制备

目的:制备一种用于东北铁线莲含量测定的三萜皂苷对照品。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱和制备液相色谱进行分离,质谱和核磁共振波谱数据鉴定结构,高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定纯度。结果:制备了符合含量测定用要求的三萜皂苷对照品3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃核糖基-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。结论:本试验结果可为东北铁线莲质量评价提供物质基础。     

加拿大产西洋参茎叶中的一个新三萜皂苷

从加拿大产西洋参（ＰａｎａｘｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆｏｌｉｕｍＬ．）的茎叶中分离得到一种新达玛烷型三萜皂苷，利用理化性质和光谱数据，鉴定为３－Ｏ－〔β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１－２）－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基〕－１２－羟基达玛－２３，２５－二烯－２０－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖苷，命名为西洋参皂苷Ｌ１．     

Antioxidant activities of bark extract from mangroves, Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume and Ceriops decandra Perr

Objectives:

The antioxidant activities of two Indian mangrove plants, Bruguiera cylindrica and Ceriops decandra, were investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Total phenolics and total flavonoid contents of the mangroves were determined using folin-ciocalteu reagent method and aluminium chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by the following methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH.) quenching assay; 2,2’- azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS.⁺) cation decolorization test; scavenging capacity towards hydroxyl ion radicals (.OH); reductive capacity; and antihemolytic activity.

Results:

The mangroves yielded 233.3 ± 0.062 and 283.31 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g phenolic contents and 11.6 ± 0.12 and 15.1 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g flavonoid contents. The methanol extracts of both mangroves exhibited high antiradical activity against DPPH., ABTS.⁺, and .OH radicals. The reductive capacity of the extracts increased with increasing concentration of samples. The extracts also inhibited H₂O₂ induced hemolysis in cow blood erythrocytes. The antioxidant activities were found stronger than that of the reference standard, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The antioxidant activity of mangrove plants was correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents.

Conclusion:

Both plants can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants for medicinal uses. Further studies are necessary to isolate active principles responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of the extracts.     

Triterpenoid sapogenin from Anthyllis vulneraria L.

Triterpene pentacyclic sapogenin, 3beta,22beta,24-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene, soyasapogenol B, was isolated for the first time from the Anthyllis vulneraria L.. Identification and structure assignment was performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.     

中药墨旱莲中的三萜皂苷

从中药墨旱莲Eclipta prostrataL．中分离得到5个三萜皂苷,根据理化性质和光谱数据,分别鉴定为eclalbasaponins Ⅱ(1),Ⅰ(2),Ⅲ(3),3-O[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-16R-乙氧基-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4)和3-O[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-刺囊酸-28-Oβ-D-吡喃葡糖苷(5)。化合物4和5为新化合物,分别命名为eclalbasaponins XI和eclalbasaponins XII。化合物1和5具有诱导稻瘟霉菌丝变形活性。     

丝瓜根化学成分研究（Ⅱ）

目的研究丝瓜根的化学成分。方法丝瓜根水煮液经大孔树脂柱层析，60％乙醇洗脱得粗提物，用硅胶柱层析，以氯仿、氯仿-丙酮、氯仿-甲醇不同比例洗脱，分别得到11种成分。结果TLC、光谱分析及标准品比较，确定为五环三萜皂苷。前文已报道化合物L—cy-1、L—cy-2、L—cy-3、L—cy-6的结构鉴定。本文报道化合物L-cy-7、L-cy-8的结构鉴定。结论L-cy-7z和L—cy-8化合物均首次从该植物根中分得。     

Feasibility study of chitosan extraction from waste leaves of Luffa cylindrica for bioresource recycling

Chitosan as natural, biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer has been widely considered to own the characteristics of moisturizing, antibacterial and several biological activities for clinical purposes. Chitosan could be obtained from chitins via deacetylation. As known, chitin is typically derived from the exoskeletons crustaceans and fungal cell wall, but this biopolymer can also be found in other sources, such as plants. In fact, Luffa spp. is popularly utilized as Asian edible plants abundant in chitin/chitosan. This first-attempt study tended to reveal chitosan extracted from renewable agricultural waste (i.e., Luffa leaf waste), through comparative analysis upon the contents of the different portions of Luffa. However, studies that discuss the harvest of chitosan from plant sources are rare. Thus, this study explored the most promising strategy to extract chitosan from the waste-Luffa cylindrica leaves. Meanwhile, comparative analysis clearly exhibited the contents of chitosan from different portions of L. cylindrica. The different chitosan-extracting methods would be implemented to obtain the maximal recovery of chitosan. The maximal amount of plant-based chitosan was extracted from L. cylindrica leaves waste through a promising method (i.e., hydrochloric acid under high pressure and high temperature through moist-heating sterilization). Moreover, it was found that the peel of L. cylindrica contained the highest amount of chitosan. Hence, this study showed that L. cylindrica leaves and peel waste would be the most appropriate sources of chitosan. This first-attempt study developed value-added production from edible plant waste for carbon neutrality and circular economy.     

Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antimalarial Triterpenoid Acids from the Leaves of Morinda lucida.

Abstract

The EtOH, CH₂Cl₂, and petroleum ether extracts from Morinda lucida. Benth. leaves have been shown to exhibit an in vitro. antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum. strain with IC₅₀ values 5.7 ± 1.3, 5.2 ± 0.8, and 3.9 ± 0.3 µg/mL, respectively. In vivo., at a daily oral dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, they produced at least 62.5%, 67.5%, and 72.2% reduction of parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei., respectively. A bioassay-guided fraction of the most active petroleum ether extract resulted in the isolation of two known triterpenic acids as ursolic acid 1 and oleanolic acid 2. In vitro., 1 and 2 exhibited an antiplasmodial activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.1 ± 1.3 and 15.2 ± 3.4 µg/mL, respectively. In vivo., at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, they produced 97.7% and 37.4% chemosuppression, respectively. However, all tested samples were inactive in vitro. against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. (K1) at the highest tested concentration of 25 µg/mL.     

龙牙楤木根皮中新皂苷的结构鉴定

从龙牙木Ａｒａｌｉａｅｌａｔａ(Ｍｉｑ )Ｓｅｅｍ 根皮中最近又分离得到一个新的三萜皂苷 ,通过理化和谱学分析 (ＭＳ、ＮＭＲ) ,确定其结构为 3 Ｏ {[β Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ(1→ 2 ) ] [β Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ(1→ 3) β Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ (1→ 3) ] β Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ]}ｅｃｈｉｎｏｃｙｓｔｉｃａｃｉｄ[1～3] 。命名为辽东木皂苷ⅩⅤ(ｃｏｎｇｍｕｎｏｓｉｄｅⅩⅤ )。结构见图 1。本皂苷为白色无定形粉末 ,Ｌｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎｎ Ｂｕｒ ｃｈａｒｄ反应和Ｍｏｌｉｓ…     

Effect of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Leaves on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and nephrocurative effects of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. leaves against gentamicin-induced acute renal injury in albino rats. The maximum free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract was the basis for the selection of this extract for the in vivo study. Gentamicin (40 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered to induce toxicity in the toxic group and the ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administered in all treated groups. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were monitored to assess the effects. The antioxidant potential was also evaluated by the estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Gentamicin intoxication caused significant increases in blood urea and serum creatinine levels as compared to the normal control. In the preventive regimen, the extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant reductions in the elevated blood urea and serum creatinine. Histopathological changes were in accordance with the biochemical findings. Also in the curative regimen, the blood urea and serum creatinine levels revealed significant curative effects. In our in vivo antioxidant activity, the GSH level was significantly (P< 0.05) increased in the extract-treated groups, whereas MDA was reduced significantly (P< 0.05). Further thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) led us to ascertain the presence of rutin and quercetin in the extract. We were able to isolate and characterize an isolate from the ethanolic extract and characterize it on the basis of chromatographic, melting point, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea leaves possesses marked nephroprotective and curative activities without any toxicity. The proposed mechanisms for the claimed activity are antioxidant activity and the inhibition of an overproduction of NO and Cox-2 expression. These activities may be attributed to the presence of phenolics and flavonoidal compounds like rutin and quercetin. Thus, it can be said that Tephrosia purpurea could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like gentamicin.     

人参叶中微量新成分的研究

自人参叶中除得到九个已知的化合物外，还得到一个新的化合物，命名为人参皂甙－F5，经光谱和化学方法鉴定，其结构为20（S）－原人参三醇－20－0－α－L－阿拉伯呋喃糖基（1→6）-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。