Na2SO4、Na2S2O3和NaSCN水盐体系313.15 K相平衡

利用等温溶解平衡法测定了三元水盐体系Na₂SO₄-Na₂S₂O₃-H₂O、Na₂S₂O₃-NaSCN-H₂O及Na₂SO₄-NaSCN-H₂O在313.15 K时的固液相平衡数据,并结合X射线衍射确定相平衡时的固相,绘制了三元体系相图。3种体系在313.15 K时均无复盐或固溶体形成,属于简单共饱和体系。对应相图中均包含1个共饱和点、2个单盐结晶区和2条单变量曲线。在三元体系中,Na₂SO₄-Na₂S₂O₃-H₂O平衡固相分别为Na₂SO₄和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O;Na₂S₂O₃-NaSCN-H₂O平衡固相分别为Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O和NaSCN;Na₂SO₄-NaSCN-H₂O的平衡固相分别为Na₂SO₄和NaSCN。结果表明,Na₂S₂O₃和NaSCN对Na₂SO₄有较强的盐析作用。     

盐酸小檗碱对甲状腺素性豚鼠心肌病心肌细胞中I Kr ， IKs和IK1的抑制作用

目的： 研究盐酸小檗碱(berberine,Ber)对甲状腺素性豚鼠心肌病中延迟整流外向钾电流中快激活成分(I _Kr )和慢激活成分(I _Ks )及内向整流电流(I _K1)的抑制作用。方法： 豚鼠腹腔注射L-甲状腺素造成心肌病后,分离单个心肌细胞,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钾电流。结果： 在心肌病细胞的I _Kr ,I _Ks 和IK1电流密度均明显增大,Ber 30 mmol/L分别抑制心肌病细胞I _Kr 22.8%（+10 mV）和I _Ks 29.5%（+80 mV）,其对I _Ks 的阻断作用大于I _kr 。Ber 30 mmol/L也能阻断心肌病细胞I _K129.1%（+120 mV）,但不影响其反转电位。Ber(1~300 mmol/L）浓度依赖性地阻断心肌病细胞I _Kr 及I _Ks ,其IC₅₀分别为76 mmol/L和55.37 mmol/L。结论： 甲状腺素性心肌病中出现异常增大的I _Ks ,I _Kr 及I _{K1离子流,Ber有明显阻断作用。}     

Prognostic value of echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background  An echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio (RV/LV ratio) ≥0.9 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Right ventricular dilation is a common characteristic of both acute pulmonary embolism and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). However, the prognostic value of the RV/LV ratio in patients with IPAH is unknown.

Methods  Ninety-five consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPAH were included, 17 were re-evaluated by echocardiography after 3–12 months of targeted therapy. Follow-up data were obtained by telephone interviews and review of the patients’ records.

Results  Higher RV/LV ratios were associated with greater functional impairment. The RV/LV ratio was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.549, P <0.001) and plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level (r=0.575, P <0.001), but negatively correlated with cardiac output (r= –0.517, P <0.001) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (r= –0.599, P <0.001). Twenty-seven patients died during follow-up period. Sensitivity and specificity of an RV/LV ratio ≥0.84 for predicting death were 85.2% and 51.5%, respectively. The RV/LV ratio and body mass index were independent predictors of death by multivariate Cox analysis (P <0.01). A baseline RV/LV ratio ≥0.84 or a further increase in the RV/LV ratio during targeted therapy indicated a poor prognosis (P <0.01).  

Conclusion  The RV/LV ratio helps to assess the severity of IPAH and may serve as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with IPAH.

     

月季花化学成分的研究

目的 研究蔷薇科植物月季Rosa chinensis干燥花的化学成分。方法 月季花95%乙醇提取物,浓缩后用水混悬,依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,取醋酸乙酯层和正丁醇层分别经硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、反相C₁₈柱色谱等分离纯化,利用理化性质和波谱学数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到了14个化合物,均为酚酸和黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为琥珀酸（1）、琥珀酸甲酯（2）、没食子酸乙酯（3）、原儿茶酸（4）、香草酸（5）、莽草酸（6）、没食子酸甲酯-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（7）、苯甲基6′-O-没食子酸基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）、苯乙基 6′-O-没食子酸基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）、邻苯二酚（10）、金丝桃苷（11）、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷（12）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（13）、乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（14）。结论 14个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Background  Psychological distress has been widely studied in many cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, but the condition in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of depression and anxiety and their influencing factors in APE patients. 

Methods  Sixty consecutive patients with APE were subjected to investigation of depression and anxiety by the Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and 60 community-based subjects were enrolled as controls. APE patients were stratified as high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk according to the disease severity. Scores of depression and anxiety were compared by statistical analysis using paired t tests between APE patients and controls, and by analysis of variance within the APE patients with the three risk stratification. Factors influencing depression and anxiety were evaluated. 

Results  The mean age of the patients (38 males and 22 females) was (52±12) years. APE patients displayed higher scores of depression (P=0.04) and anxiety (P=0.001) compared with controls. Patients in the high-risk group displayed higher scores of depression (P=0.004) and anxiety (P=0.001) compared with those in the intermediate- and low-risk groups. Depression scores were highly correlated with anxiety scores (r=0.60, P <0.001). Both depression and anxiety inversely related to risk stratification (P <0.01), age (P <0.05), and arterial blood oxygen pressure (PaO₂) (P <0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that PaO₂ was independently inversely related to both depression (P <0.01) and anxiety (P <0.05); risk stratification and age were independently inversely related to anxiety (P <0.05).  

Conclusions  Patients of APE suffered high levels of depression and anxiety, which were negatively influenced by PaO₂, risk stratification and age.  

     

纳米SiO2及磁性γ-Fe2O3@SiO2对Hg2+的吸附及去除

首先用微乳法合成了纳米SiO₂和纳米γ-Fe₂O₃,然后利用传统的St ber方法合成出核壳结构的γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对其进行了表征。采用双硫腙光度法在551 nm处,测定了Hg²⁺在纳米SiO₂、纳米γ-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂表面的吸附等温线,发现三者的吸附等温线类型依次为Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅰ型,等温线类型与纳米材料的分散性、表面硅羟基、离子空位以及磁性有关。利用双吸附等温线法、准一级和准二级动力学模型对吸附数据进行拟合得出：纳米SiO₂和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,而纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Freundlich等温式。三者对Hg²⁺的去除率均与pH有关,均属于准二级动力学模型。     

Distribution of the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis in Shiqu County, Sichuan, China

Background  The rodentia and lagomorpha animals are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, their distribution and infection of this parasite may facilitate the infection of definitive hosts such as dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis in Shiqu County, Sichuan, China.

Methods    A systematic sampling method was used to investigate the density of burrows of rodents and lagomorphs at 97 pasture sites in winter and summer pastureland and remote sensing (RS) technology was used to correlate their densities to the distribution of these animals in different landscape types.

Results  Based on the densities of Ochotona curzoniae, Microtus fuscus (dependent variable) and their burrow densities (independent variable) in survey points, regression equations were fitted respectively (Ochotona curzoniae, P <0.0001, R²=0.8705; Microtus fuscus, P <0.0001, R²=0.9736). Their burrow density in summer pastureland was higher than in winter pastureland (F=36.65, P <0.0001). The burrow densities of Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus fuscus in bareland and half-bareland are higher than in grassland (F=7.73, P <0.001).

Conclusions  The regression relationship between the densities of Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus fuscus and their burrow densities indicate that the burrow densities could reflect the animal densities and that the burrow density was greater in summer pastureland than in winter pastureland. The main distribution areas of the intermediate hosts were in bareland and half-bareland.

     

杨梅叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分研究

目的 研究杨梅Myrica rubra叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分。方法 采用柱色谱和薄层色谱分离杨梅叶有效部位中的化学成分;用IR、ESI-MS、¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR等波谱技术鉴定结构。结果 分离并鉴定了6个化合物,分别为山柰酚（1）、槲皮素（2）、杨梅素（3）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）、杨梅苷（5）和杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）。结论 首次报道杨梅叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分。     

丁腈橡胶/硫酸铁配位交联复合材料的制备与表征

采用溶液球磨法制备了丁腈橡胶（NBR）/硫酸铁（Fe₂（SO₄）₃）复合材料,Fe₂（SO₄）₃颗粒的平均粒径由10.23 μm降低到1.13 μm,粒径大小分布变窄。电子顺磁共振谱（ESR）以及X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）证明了丁腈橡胶中的-CN与Fe₂（SO₄）₃中的Fe³⁺发生了配位反应。随着Fe₂（SO₄）₃添加量的增加,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）与交联密度逐渐增加。当Fe₂（SO₄）₃添加量为15 phr （每100份基体中的填料份数）时,NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料综合力学性能最好,复合材料的拉伸强度比纯NBR的拉伸强度提高了约12.8倍。采用溶液球磨法制备出的NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料的交联密度、拉伸强度、硬度、回弹性、伸张疲劳系数以及耐老化性能均高于干法制备的NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料的相应值。     

《实验动物与比较医学》第25卷第1～4期总目次

·主编寄语· 抚前瞻后，大力发展我国比较医学—写于本刊更名之际··························，····································……刘瑞三(67) ·学者论坛· 对中闺实验动物科学事业儿个问题的浅见(续).·································································……徐兆光，刘瑞三(3) 如何开展外科比较医学研究·····，····························…     

麻疹的双相移位研究进展

近年新生儿、婴儿、成人麻疹患者逐年增加,临床表现一般仍较典型,成年人麻疹患者全身中毒症状较重。麻疹抗体检测结果阳性是主要的诊断依据。麻疹发病的双相移位的机理可能是,免疫保护力不足,婴儿出生时麻疹抗体力低。孕期母传胎的麻疹抗体减弱,母经乳汁传给婴儿的抗体减弱,成人麻疹抗体水平逐年下降。预防措施是怀孕前给予育龄妇女麻疹疫苗接种,鼓励母乳喂养,麻疹疫苗计划免疫适当提前,在成人追加麻疹疫苗的免疫,加强病毒变异的研究等。     

正常增殖期子宫内膜细胞增生状态的定量观察

以＾３氢－胸腺嘧啶核苷放射自显影法及ＨＥ染色，观察并分别测定了１８例正常子宫内膜增殖中期，１５例增殖晚期的腺上皮细胞或间质细胞的标记指数、分裂指数。结果显示：子宫内膜增殖晚期腺上皮细胞或间质细胞之ＬＩ均明显高于增殖中期。同时，增殖晚间质细胞之ＭＩ也明显高于增殖中期，即此两种细胞在增殖晚期中增生明显，其增生状态初步获得了定位定量测定的正常值。     

人工全髋关节置换术的手术配合

目的：介绍人工全髋关节置换术的手术配合做法;方法：主要在手术配合的六个方面,解决防感染、防栓塞等问题。结果：30例人工全髋关节置换术均获成功,结论：手术配合是护士责任心和基本功的全面体现,对提高手术效果有至关重要的影响。     

80例局限性银屑病误诊原因分析

本文报告80例局限于小腿或手或足的银屑病。均经皮肤组织病理检查确诊。因部位比较特殊。受多种理化因素影响,使皮疹形态发生轻重程度不同的变化,常看不到典型损害,因而误诊为神经性皮炎,湿疹,慢性皮炎及癣等。作者对误诊原因进行了分析后,提出了鉴别诊断方法。     

腰椎间盘突出症再次手术的原因分析

目的解决腰椎间盘突出症手术中神经压迫。方法对1980～1998年再手术资料进行统计分析,讨论分析再手术原因,再次手术前影像学检查,观察病理变化以确定再手术方法。结果对11例随访6个月～1年,优7例(68．4％),良3例(36．8％),差1例(2．8％)。结论初次手术前详细查体和分析X线片,术中用导尿管和神经剥离探查,尽量避免髓核遗留,手术范围不宜太大,尽量减少对软组织和脊柱结构的破坏,避免形成硬膜囊与神经根粘连而致单纯形疤痕。     

妊娠晚期重度妊高征的监测

重度妊高征表现为高血压、蛋白尿、浮肿等症状 ,严重可以导致母婴死亡。对妊娠足月的重度妊高征 ,可以根据其临产与否及宫颈条件 ,立即决定其为阴道分娩或是剖宫产术。对于妊娠晚期的重度妊高征 ,因其胎龄不足月 ,胎儿生长发育及胎肺成熟度情况需通过一定时间的治疗 ,根据其病情变化来决定其治疗方案或终止妊娠的时机[1,2 ] 。这就需要我们对这一阶段的治疗进行监测 ,防止母儿并发症的发生。现将 2 0 0 0年至今我院收治妊娠晚期重度妊高征 30例的监测结果回顾分析如下。1　资料和方法1.1　研究对象　选择孕 31～ 36周重度妊高征 30例 ,其中 …     

尿微量白蛋白检测在继发性肾脏疾病中的临床意义

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白（m-Alb）检测在继发性肾脏疾病中的临床意义。方法采用Beckman Immage全自动特种蛋白分析仪对糖尿病组、高血压组、心脏病组患者进行了m-Alb测定,同时与健康组结果作对比。结果m-Alb检测糖尿病组为3.7±5.26mg/dl,高血压组为7.5±8.18mg/dl,心脏病组为7.8±3.76mg/dl,健康组为0.66±0.48mg/dl,各试验组m-Alb增高百分率为糖尿病组48.9%,高血压组37.5%,心脏病组26.9%。结论尿蛋白阴性的糖尿病、高血压、心脏病患者进行m-Alb检测,可以监测病程的进展。