增强MRI评价可逆性血脑屏障开放的可靠性及价值

目的评价增强ＭＲＩ在监测可逆性血脑屏障（ＢＢＢ）开放的可靠性及价值。方法３６只家兔被随机分为３组：Ａ、Ｂ两组分别经颈内动脉灌注２０％甘露醇和生理盐水，Ｃ组经耳缘静脉灌注２０％甘露醇。灌注后，立即用０．５Ｔ超导型ＭＲ机进行兔脑冠状位扫描，随后经耳缘静脉注入ＧｄＤＴＰＡ，迅速行同层间隙扫描（增强后５、１０、１５、２０分钟，之后每隔１０分钟），持续２小时。以该层双侧对称的脑实质为兴趣区，测得不同时间兴趣区信号强度（ＳＩ），求其增强率（％）。各组１０只兔于扫描前经耳缘静脉注入２％Ｅｖｅｎｓ蓝（２ｍｌ／ｋｇ），２小时后处死；另有６只分别于灌注后２．５、３小时注入Ｅｖｅｎｓ蓝，１０分钟后处死，取脑观察有无脑实质蓝染，以此来推测ＢＢＢ开放持续时间。所有脑标本送病理检查，并与对应层的ＭＲＩ进行比较。结果Ａ组１０只皆出现灌注侧脑实质增强及蓝染，Ｂ、Ｃ组无一只出现明显强化及蓝染。ＢＢＢ开放持续时间小于３小时。未发现死亡及脑实质病理改变。结论增强ＭＲＩ是监测ＢＢＢ开放过程、指导临床个体化用药的一种理想方法。     

超声诊断脾脓肿的价值

资料：超声检查脾脓肿３例均为女性，年龄分别为２７、２９及３４岁，起病分别为脾动脉栓塞术（简称脾栓术、以下同）后左上腹疼痛伴发热４天、４月及２２天，体温３８．０～３９．５℃。查体：脾肋下８．０ｃｍ至平脐。超声检查：术前肋间／肋下脾脏大小分别为８．０ｃｍ×３．５ｃｍ／未探及，１１．８ｃｍ×５．９ｃｍ／１．５ｃｍ×２．０ｃｍ，及１１．０ｃｍ×５．２ｃｍ／３．０ｃｍ×２．０ｃｍ，脾区回声均匀，起病后次日复查，胁间脾脏大小分别为１１．６ｃｍ×５．５０ｃｍ、１５ｃｍ×８．０ｃｍ及１４．０ｃｍ×６．５ｃｍ，脾…     

小剂量X射线全身照射提高小鼠抗瘤能力的整体和离…

本文作者利用肿瘤血道转移和自发转移模型，从整体和离体两方面观察７５ｍＧｙＸ射线全身照射对小鼠抗瘤能力的影响。结果发现：①与假照组相比，照射组小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤血道肺转移结节数明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；过继转移至同系小鼠体内的脾细胞，可明显抑制Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌（ＬＬＣ）的局部生长和自发肺转移（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。②与假照组相比，体外检测照射组小鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ ＩＬ－２反应性增强（Ｐ〈０．０１     

从IL-2和Bcl-2基因转录水平探讨模拟失重鼠T淋巴细胞功能改变的机制

为探讨模拟失重条件下Ｔ淋巴细胞功能改变的机制，观察了小鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖能力（ＭＴＴ比色法）、ＩＬ－２产生（生物学测定法）、ＩＬ－２基因（点杂交）和Ｂｃｌ－２癌基因（逆转录ＰＣＲ）转录的变化。结果显示：（１）模拟失重７、１４ｄ小鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖能力和ＩＬ－２的产生降低，１４ｄ时有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明模拟失重降低Ｔ淋巴细胞功能。（２）模拟失重７、１４ｄ小鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２和Ｂｃｌ－２基因转录水平降低，１４ｄ时有显著性（分别为Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明模拟失重通过抑制ＩＬ－２基因转录抑制ＩＬ－２的产生，ＩＬ－２和Ｂｃｌ－２基因对模拟失重引起的Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的降低起一定的作用。     

重组人骨形成蛋白—2成熟肽对小鼠辐射损伤的治疗作用 …

目的 探讨重组人骨形成蛋白－２成熟肽（ｒｈＢＭＰ－２ｍ）对小鼠经６．５￣７．５Ｇｙγ射线全身照射引起的放射损伤的治疗作用及其机理。方法 小鼠照射后１￣６天于腹腔内注射ｒｈＢＭＰ－２ｍ生理盐水溶液，每天一次，每次剂量为０．５￣２．０ｍｇ。观察动物的３０天存活情况及几种造血指标。结果 治疗组的３０天存活率，平均存活时间，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ落集形成数，骨髓细胞ＤＮＡ含量，骨髓有核细胞数，脾结节形成数，脾体比及     

肾癌术前无水乙醇肾动脉栓塞及并发症的预防(附48例报告)

目的：研究肾癌术前无水乙醇肾动脉栓塞，以减少肾癌术中出血，避免肿瘤扩散。方法：ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ法，导管插入患肾动脉，以１ｍｌ／ｓ注射无水乙醇第１个５ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ／ｓ注射第２个５ｍｌ，０．２ｍｌ／ｓ注射余下部分——呈递减速度注射无水乙醇１５～２０ｍｌ。结果：４６例栓塞成功，２例失败；１例无水乙醇返流导致肠系膜下动脉栓塞。结论：肾癌术前无水乙醇肾动脉栓塞安全、有效；以递减速度注射，可预防无水乙醇返流造成其他脏器栓塞的并发症。     

神经节苷酯对低氧大鼠脑钙,钙调素及蛋白激酶Ⅱ的影响

观察了神经节苷酯对急性低氧组大鼠（Ａ组：模拟海拔７００ｍ，５ｈ；Ｂ组：给神经节苷酯）和常氧对照组大鼠（Ｃ组：常氧；Ｄ组：给神经节苷酯）脑组织Ｃａ￣（２＋）、钙调素（ＣａＭ）及ＣａＭ依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ（ＣａＭＰＫⅡ）活性的影响。用Ｆｕｒａ－２测得Ｃａ￣（２＋）水平分别为７２２．１±８１．２．６４０．６±７４．４、２５８。７±３９．２和２６３．８±４１．３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ａ组明显高于常氧对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｂ组明显低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜＜０．０５）。用流式细胞仪（ＦＡＣＳ）所测ＣａＭ平均荧光强度分别为４０．２±４．７、４４．３±４．８．４６．１±５．１和４５．９±５．０道；Ａ组明显低于常氧对照组。用同位素（ｒ￣（３２）－ＡＴＰ）液闪计数法所测ＣａＭＰＫⅡ活性分别为１８２．９±７．９、１９２．３±８．２、１９７．９±９．２和１９８．２±９．３ｐｍｏｌｐｉ．ｍｉｎ￣（－１）ｍｇ￣（－１）ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，Ａ组明显低于其它三组，急性低氧Ｂ组与常氧对照组比无明显差别。表明，低氧时神经节苷酯可以减少胞内Ｃａ￣（２＋）蓄积和稳定ＣａＭ和ＣａＭＫｉｎａｓｅⅡ的变化．     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力学疗法治疗Bowen病

目的探讨５－氨基酮戊酸（ＡＬＡ）光动力学疗法（ＰＤＴ）治疗Ｂｏｗｅｎ病的疗效。方法５例Ｂｏｗｅｎ病患者皮损发生于腹部及股部，面积３．２ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ至４．５ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ，均经病理组织学检查确诊。局部外用新鲜配制的２０％ＡＬＡ霜，３ｈ后用波长６３２．８ｎｍ的ＨｅＮｅ激光照射，激光机输出功率为１００ｍＷ，每次光剂量６０～１００Ｊ／ｃｍ２，照射时间８～１５ｍｉｎ。结果经１次（１例）和４次（４例）治疗后，患者皮损完全消退，恢复正常皮纹。随访６～１６个月，未见复发。结论ＡＬＡ－ＰＤＴ治疗Ｂｏｗｅｎ病简单、有效、耐受性好，为大面积Ｂｏｗｅｎ病的治疗提供了新思路     

读片窗

读片窗陶正龙，张福琛，鄢凤臻患者男，４６岁。体检时Ｂ超发现肝右后上叶内有一约２．２ｃｍ×２．０ｃｍ的占位。触诊腹部无阳性体征。实验室检查：肝功能正常，ＨＢｓＡｇ（─），２次ＡＦＰ（─）。ＣＴ平扫示肝右叶后上段一２．５ｃｍ×１．５ｃｍ低密度灶，边界欠清...     

血型与高原血氧饱和度的观测

目的：探讨人体进入高原低氧环境初期和移居６个月与居住２年后血型与血氧饱和率（ＳａＯ２）之间的内在关系，为高原低氧生理积累资料；方法：对初入海拔５３８０ｍ３天￣７天和居住６个月的１９８名边防军人及移居海拔４３００ｍ２年的４８名健康青年在静息上进行ＡＢＯ血型鉴定同时检测ＳａＯ２；结果：初入海拔５３８０ｍ３天￣７天的健康青年Ｏ、Ａ血型的ＳａＯ２含量显著高于Ｂ、ＡＢ型血的青年（Ｐ〈０．０１或Ｐ〈０．０５）     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.