醋酸棉酚对子宫和卵巢的影响

Gossypol has been employed in gynecologic clinics for the treatment of endometriosis and functional uterine bleedings with encouraging results. In the present communication the effects of gossypol on the uterus and ovary were studied both experimentally and clinically by histologic and histochemical techniques. It was found that treatment of female rats with gossypol acetic acid at 30 mg/kg/d, six days a week, for 8 weeks caused marked atrophy of the endometrium and a reduction of the glycogen content of the myometrium. Vaginal smears showed a picture of atypical estrous cycle. Simultaneous administration of 1 mg/kg/d of estriol reduced the effect of gossypol acetic acid though the influence of gossypol treatment was still discernible. Treatment of 16 patients suffering from endometriosis or functional uterine bleeding with gossypol acetic acid for 2-3 months induced changes similar to those observed in animal experiments, namely, atrophy of the endometrium and decrease in endometrium glycogen. In 3 other patients treated with gossypol acetic acid for 4～5 months there was a slight increase in Sudan Black B staining and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, PAS staining and RNA of the endometrium. There was also a change of biphasic basal body temperature into monophasic and a lowered estrogen level as revealed by vaginal cytology.One may speculate from the above results that gossypol may act on the uterus directly as well as indirectly through inhibition of the secretory function of the ovary and/or through antagonism against the effect of estrogens in the female. Hence, it may be desirable to conduct further studies on the effect of gossypol on the pituitary-gonadal axis.     

醋酸棉酚长期给药的进一步观察

给成年雄性大鼠每日服醋酸棉酚10 mg/kg,每周服6天。服6个月后进行病理和组织化学观察。结果说明给醋酸棉酚大鼠各主要脏器(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺)的形态都没有明显变化。组织化学观察说明,给棉酚大鼠的肝脏油红“O”染色、G-6-P酶、ATP酶、ALP酶、ACP酶、糖原、RNA和DNA肾脏G-6-PDH、油红“O”染色、ATP酶、ACP酶、ALP酶;肾上腺3β-甾体脱氢酶、油红“O”染色、苏丹黑染色等与对照组比较都没有明显差别。     

醋酸棉酚对雌性大鼠的抗早孕作用

大鼠于妊娠第6～9天,喂以醋酸棉酚80 mg/kg/d, 有明显的抗早孕作用。皮下注射孕酮5 mg/d或hCG 25 IU/d可拮抗醋酸棉酚的抗早孕作用。醋酸棉酚80 mg/kg/d对去卵巢后给以外源性雌酮和孕酮以维持妊娠的大鼠无抗早孕作用。正常妊娠大鼠,给醋酸棉酚后,血清孕酮水平下降,妊娠中止,若同时注射hCG,孕酮水平回升接近对照动物的水平,药物抗早孕作用消失,但仍低于单给hCG组大鼠血清孕酮水平,说明醋酸棉酚可阻断hCG促黄体分泌孕酮的作用,这可能是醋酸棉酚抗早孕作用的主要机理之一。     

醋酸棉酚对大鼠孕卵转运和发育的影响

本文观察了醋酸棉酚对大鼠孕卵在输卵管内转运和早期发育的影响。结果表明,棉酚可延缓孕卵转运速度、阻滞和破坏胚胎早期发育,以对后者的作用更为显著。这可能是棉酚对雌性大鼠抗着床作用的重要原因之一。     

醋酸棉酚对大鼠孕卵转运和发育的影响

本文观察了醋酸棉酚对大鼠孕卵在输卵管内转运和早期发育的影响。结果表明,棉酚可延缓孕卵转运速度、阻滞和破坏胚胎早期发育,以对后者的作用更为显著。这可能是棉酚对雌性大鼠抗着床作用的重要原因之一。     

(-)和(+)棉酚对雄大鼠生育力的影响

棉酚有明显的抗雄性生育作用,但在理论上尚不清楚消旋棉酚的抗生育作用和毒性来自那一种光学异构体。已有报告指出(+)棉酚无毒无效。但对(-)棉酚的研究迄今尚未有报道。本文应用本所合成室制备之(+)和(-)棉酚,观察了他们的抗生育作用。实验用Wistar雄大鼠(190～220g)25只,分为对照,(+)棉酚30mg/kg,(-)棉酚15和30 mg/kg以及消旋棉酚30 mg/kg等5组。每天喂药1次,(+)棉酚和(-)棉酚     

(-)和(+)棉酚对雄大鼠生育力的影响

Racemic, (-) and (+) gossypol, provided by the Department of Organic Chemistry of our institute, was suspended in 2.5% tween 80 solution. Adult male Wistar rats 190～220 g in weight were allotted to 5 groups. Animals in group 1 received 2.5% tween 80 solution as control. Rats in group 2 were treated with racemic gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Animals in group 3 and 4 were given 15 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 2 weeks and 30 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 1 week respectively. Rats in group 5 were treated with (+) gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks.Four weeks from the beginning of gossypol treatment the rats were cohabited with adult females for 7 days. Then the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides was estimated The female rats were examined for pregnancy 7 days later.Treatment with (-) gossypol at 30 mg/kg caused significant decreases in body weight of the rats (P<0.05). One of the five rats died 7 days after the last administration, while (+) gossypol and racemic gossypol at the dosage employed had no effect on the body weight. (+) Gossypol at 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks had no effect on the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides and no effect on the fertility of the animals: nor was there any effect on the weights of the testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle. The sperms of the cauda epididymides were found to be dead in the groups treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg of (-)gossypol. Raccmic gossypol given for 2 weeks at 30 mg/kg caused loss of fertility of the male rats which confirmed our previous findings.(?)t may be postulated that (+) gossypol has no antifertility effect nor toxicity at the dosage employed. (-) Gossypol is the active stereoisomer of racemic gossypol.     

醋酸棉酚和15甲基PGF_(2α)甲酯对大鼠子宫胞浆雌激素受体的影响

假孕大鼠口服醋酸棉酚40和80 mg/kg连续5天,平均每个子宫的胞浆蛋白和雌激素受体量明显减少。以每mg蛋白计,雌激素受体浓度同对照组差异不显著。幼大鼠口服醋酸棉酚40mg/kg连续8天,作饱和分析测得对照组和给药组K_d值分别为1.04×10~_(-10)和1.09×10_(-10)mol。最大受体结合数分别为432.0和358.8 fmol/子宫。实验发现棉酚在高浓度时对~3H-雌二醇同其受体的结合有抑制作用。15甲基PGF_(2α)甲酯对假孕大鼠子宫胞浆蛋白水平和雌激素受体均无明显影响。     

醋酸棉酚与米索前列醇对大鼠和小鼠的抗早孕研究

用抗早孕实验和大鼠子宫离体实验,研究了醋酸棉酚与米索前列醇抗早孕的协同作用。结果表明,早孕小鼠单服米索,其终止早孕作用微弱;当与棉酚合用时,对小鼠的抗早孕作用增强。对离体大鼠子宫,米索有明显的增强宫缩作用,而棉酚则无影响,但早孕大鼠po棉酚80mg·kg^-1·d^-1,3d后其子宫对米索的敏感性较对照组有显著提高。大鼠于妊娠d 6～8 po棉酚或米索,或两药剂量的一半合并用药,可使子宫蜕膜组织损伤,而以两药合用组最为严重,但子宫孕酮受体含量和分布与对照组相似。结果提示,两药合用有协同抗早孕作用。     

醋酸棉酚对大鼠输卵管平滑肌收缩活动的影响

观察了醋酸棉酚水溶性制剂对离体大鼠输卵管平滑肌收缩活动的影响并对其作用机制作了初步探讨。结果表明,醋酸棉酚可提高大鼠输卵管平滑肌收缩张力,但并非为激动α兴奋性肾上腺素能受体,而与促输卵管组织前列腺素(PGs)的生物合成、释放并与促Ca²⁺内流机制有关。棉酚的这种药理作用还与性周期有密切关系,对动情期输卵管的作用明显高于间情期。结果还表明,前列腺索E₁(PGE₁)和前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)均可提高大鼠输卵管平滑肌收缩活性,以PGE₁的作用较强且较持久,此作用可为醋酸棉酚所明显增强。     

醋酸棉酚在大鼠的抗甾体激素和抗促性腺激素作用

给去卵巢后一周的大鼠皮下注射雌二醇,同时喂以醋酸棉酚40mg/kg,连续8天,可抑制雌二醇的促子宫作用。此外,醋酸棉酚40mg/kg能抑制黄体酮致蜕膜瘤的增长。醋酸棉酚尚能抑制hCG引起的未成熟雄大鼠血清睾丸酮水平的升高。醋酸棉酚能直接抑制体外培养的间质细胞分泌睾丸酮;又能对抗hCG对间质细胞的刺激作用。     

醋酸棉酚对雄性木鼠睾酮、黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)的影响

给大鼠口服醋酸棉酚30mg/kg/d每周6次,给药2,4或8周,用放射免疫法测血清睾酮、LH和FSH水平。结果表明,给药2周(生精上皮破坏不明显)和6,8周(曲精细管严重破坏)血清睾酮水平显著下降,而血清LH无变化。给药8周时血清FSH显著升高,为对照组的4倍。实验结果提示棉酚可能影响间质细胞的功能。     

醋酸棉酚对幼龄大鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌活性及细胞膜表面LH/hCG受体发育的影响

醋酸棉酚有抗雄性生育作用,但对睾丸间质细胞的作用尚未取得一致意见。部分研究者观察到醋酸棉酚对睾丸间质细胞有抑制作用。本室也曾证明,服醋酸棉酚后,青春前期大鼠,睾丸间质细胞的生长发育及其类固醇激素合成酶的活性均受抑制。已有报告,睾丸间质细胞表面具有分子量为20万的LH/hCG受体,该受体的数量及活性决定了间质细胞睾酮分泌活性及对促激素的反应。此受体在大鼠五周龄前逐步发育完善,而在4周龄时已表现出对外源性LH/hCG敏感的反应性。本实验以幼龄大鼠为对象,用放射免疫测定及放射受体分析法研究了醋酸棉酚对睾丸间质细胞的影响。     

醋酸棉酚对hCG促进大鼠分散黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响

本文在体外研究了醋酸棉酚对分散大鼠黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响及其作用机制。当棉酚浓度在20μg/ml、作用时间1h,hCG刺激黄体细胞孕酮的生成量显著下降,但对基础孕酮的产生无明显影响;上述剂量的棉酚在作用4h后时细胞存活率无明显影响。经棉酚作用过的黄体细胞,经2h再孵育,不能恢复其对hCG的反应性。同时棉酚显著降低黄体细胞cAMP产生。结果提示,棉酚可能通过降低cAMP产生而抑制hCG的生孕酮作用。     

醋酸棉酚对hCG促进大鼠分散黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响

本文在体外研究了醋酸棉酚对分散大鼠黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响及其作用机制。当棉酚浓度在20μg/ml、作用时间1h,hCG刺激黄体细胞孕酮的生成量显著下降,但对基础孕酮的产生无明显影响;上述剂量的棉酚在作用4h后时细胞存活率无明显影响。经棉酚作用过的黄体细胞,经2h再孵育,不能恢复其对hCG的反应性。同时棉酚显著降低黄体细胞cAMP产生。结果提示,棉酚可能通过降低cAMP产生而抑制hCG的生孕酮作用。