双克氏针固定结合桡动脉腕掌支蒂骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的探讨桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣植入腕舟骨骨不连处双克氏针固定的方法及临床疗效。方法以桡动脉腕掌侧支为蒂挖取桡骨形成的带蒂骨瓣,植入已清理形成骨槽腕舟骨骨折骨不连处,用0.8 mm双克氏针贯穿固定骨瓣及骨折,治疗腕舟骨骨不连36例。结果术后随访9~37个月,平均17个月。骨折均愈合。Coony评分总体疗效:优25例,良9例,可2例,优良率为94.44%。结论桡动脉腕掌侧支蒂桡骨瓣是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的理想方法 ,双克氏针固定更容易、更微创、疗效更好。     

应用带血运桡骨茎突骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损

目的探讨以桡动脉返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损的治疗效果。方法对19例第2、3型腕舟骨骨折患者行桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植,克氏针交叉加压固定治疗舟骨嵌入骨折13例;同时应用带血运的桡骨瓣重建因磨损、吸收所致的舟状骨缺损6例。结果19例腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损患者,X线示骨折全部骨性愈合,舟状骨形态恢复正常。采用改良Gartland—Werley腕关节功能评分标准进行评估：优16例,良2例,中1例。结论桡动脉返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折和骨缺损效果肯定。     

应用桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不连接

目的观察以桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植对腕舟骨骨折不连接的治疗作用.方法20例腕舟骨骨折骨不连,应用桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除治疗12例,应用桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除治疗8例.测量手术前后腕关节屈伸和尺桡偏活动度、握力,应用腕舟评分对患者的自觉功能恢复情况进行评定.结果20例腕舟骨骨折骨不连均愈合,愈合时间平均为7±0.2周(6～12周).腕舟骨评分结果为:优16例,良3例,可1例.结论以桡动脉返支为蒂的桡骨骨瓣或骨膜瓣移植加桡骨茎突切除是治疗腕舟骨骨折骨不连的有效方法.     

带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的：总结带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连的疗效。方法：以带桡动脉茎突返支桡骨瓣移植治疗3例,桡骨远端背外侧带血管蒂的骨瓣移植4例,带第2掌背动脉掌骨基底骨瓣移植1例。通过平均10个月的随访,观察骨折愈合和腕关节功能改善情况。结果：骨折全部愈合。腕关节功能评价：优6例,良1例,可1例。结论：该手术疗效较好,操作简单,副损伤小,是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效方法之一。     

带筋膜血管蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折

目的探讨带筋膜桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折的临床疗效。方法切开复位，采取桡骨茎突切除加用带筋膜血管蒂骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折15例，术后进行5～16个月随访。结果临床用骨瓣治疗舟骨骨折15例，骨瓣血供丰富，术后10～12周愈合，腕关节功能恢复正常。结论带筋膜血管蒂桡骨骨膜骨瓣是移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折及骨不连的一种可靠的方法。     

桡骨茎突切除并桡动脉茎突返支骨膜瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连

自1995年7月～2003年7月对21例腕舟骨骨不连采用桡骨茎突切除并桡动脉返支骨膜瓣移植治疗，解除了桡骨茎突对腕舟骨的刺激及改善腕舟骨血液循环，促进骨折愈合，恢复了腕关节功能，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

桡骨茎突切除加植骨及克氏针内固定术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不愈合

目的探讨桡骨茎突切除加植骨及克氏针内固定术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不愈合的疗效。方法采用桡骨茎突切除加植骨及克氏针内固定术治疗23例陈旧性腕舟骨骨折患者。结果 23例均获随访,时间1~4年。患者均骨性愈合。腕关节功能根据Krimm er评分进行评估：优21例,良2例。结论桡骨茎突切除加植骨及克氏针内固定术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不愈合操作简便,创伤小,疗效满意,是一种较好的方法。     

桡动脉茎突返支骨瓣移位治疗舟状骨不连

目的:探讨桡动脉茎突返支骨瓣移位治疗舟状骨不连的临床疗效。方法:2002年至2007年治疗舟状骨不连患者18例,男12例,女6例;年龄18～51岁,平均31.2岁。受伤至手术时间8～26个月,平均12.5个月。行桡动脉茎突返支为血供的桡骨瓣逆行移位嵌入舟状骨远近两端,交叉克氏针固定骨折及骨瓣,并切除桡骨茎突。术后石膏固定腕关节6～8周,去除石膏后行康复理疗和功能锻炼。X线示骨折愈合后拔除克氏针。结果:18例中15例获随访,时间8～25个月,平均13个月。15例骨折全部愈合。愈合时间8～12周。根据Anderson成人前臂骨折治疗效果评价分级:优14例,良1例。结论:桡动脉茎突返支骨瓣携带丰富血液循环,可使游离植骨爬行替代过程变为直接愈合过程。     

桡动脉茎突返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入术治疗舟骨骨折不愈合

目的报告桡动脉茎突返支为蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入术治疗舟骨骨折不愈合的临床应用效果。方法以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂在桡骨茎突掀起一1.5cm×0.5cm×0.5cm的骨瓣,植入沿舟骨纵轴跨越骨折线所凿出的同等大小的骨槽,对15例舟骨骨折不愈合的患者进行治疗,其中有5例患者的舟骨近端骨折块已发生缺血坏死。结果15例患者舟骨骨折全部愈合,其中5例近端已缺血坏死的舟骨骨折块又重新成活,骨折平均愈合时间为4个月。术后随访2～5年,患者腕关节活动良好,腕背伸时无疼痛,日常生活和工作无影响。结论采用桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣植入术治疗舟骨骨折不愈合及近端骨折块缺血坏死,操作简单,治疗有效,具有临床应用价值。     

带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨应用带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连的治疗方法。方法1998年5月～2004年12月对19例腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连患者采用切开复位带桡动脉茎突返支骨膜骨瓣及自体红骨髓移植治疗，随访其疗效。结果术后19例均获随访。时间3～36个月，平均15个月；骨折愈合率为100％，愈合时间为3～4个月，腕关节功能完全恢复正常。结论用带筋膜血管蒂的桡骨骨膜瓣并自体红骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折，操作简单、成骨作用强，并有加速骨折愈合的作用。     

Radial scar

Radial scars attract interest due to its mammographic appearance and pathology. It is still unclear whether it is a benign or premalignant condition. This article reviews the clinical feature, pathology and its relation to malignancy.     

Radial polydactyly

Excessive longitudinal segmentation of the radial portion of the limb bud results in the clinical presentation of duplicated and triphalangeal thumbs. These are common congenital problems with various possible associated anomalies and variable inheritance patterns. Reconstruction of a thumb with stable joints, muscle balance, and good alignment requires attention to each tissue component at the time of the initial surgery.     

Radial thermokeratoplasty for the correction of hyperopia

Hyperopic thermokeratoplasty involves making controlled thermal burns in the corneal stroma in a radial pattern up to a premarked clear zone. It steepens the central cornea and reduces the hyperopia. A series of 117 radial thermokeratoplasty eyes done in the Soviet Union were analyzed. Mean preoperative hyperopia of +5.27 diopters (range = +0.50 to +17.00 D) was reduced at 12 months after surgery by a mean of -3.48 D, resulting in a mean postoperative spherical equivalent of +1.84 D. Average correction was 70.8%. Forty percent of eyes were corrected to less than 1.00 D residual refractive error; however, 58% were undercorrected by 1.00 D or more. The proportion of eyes seeing 20/40 or better unaided increased from 10% preoperatively to 52% by 3 months after surgery and remained at 53% at 12 months after surgery. Overall refractive stability was demonstrated during the 1st postoperative year. Stepwise regression showed that none of the preoperative or surgical factors significantly predicted outcome when all eyes were evaluated.     

Reverse Radial Forearm Fascial Flap With Radial Artery Preservation

The reverse radial forearm fascial (RRFF) flap is widely used in soft-tissue reconstruction of the hand. The traditional RRFF flap incorporates the radial artery from the forearm and is perfused by retrograde flow through the palmar arch. In patients with an abnormal Allen test because of an incomplete palmar arch, the traditional RRFF flap is contraindicated unless a vein graft is used to reconstruct the radial artery. A simpler alternative approach for hand reconstruction in such patients is a distally based RRFF flap based on radial artery perforators, which preserves the radial artery. We used RRFF flaps based on radial artery perforators in five patients who had palmar or dorsal soft-tissue loss. All five recovered full hand function, and only one had any complications (full-thickness skin graft loss at recipient site). The RRFF flap based on distal radial artery perforators is suitable for thin coverage of soft-tissue defects in hands with either a complete or an incomplete palmar arch.     

Radial collateral ligament injuries of the thumb

Radial collateral ligament (RCL) injuries of the thumb are relatively common although they are less common than ulnar collateral ligament injuries, which make up 10% to 42% of collateral ligament injuries of the thumb. The RCL is especially important for pinch movements and for movements of depression. Complete disruption of the RCL can result in both static and dynamic instability, which can lead to a predictable sequence of a painful deformity resulting in articular degeneration. Most authors agree that both acute and chronic grade 3 RCL tears should be surgically treated. There are various methods of repair or reconstruction of the RCL that yield satisfactory results, providing radial stability and intending to preclude the appearance of degenerative disease of the metacarpophalangeal joint. This article reviews the anatomy, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment, including surgical technique, for RCL injuries of the thumb.