髋关节置换手术患者围手术期心理护理研究

目的通过实施围术期心理护理,来研究心理护理对髋关节置换手术患者手术前后心理应激反应的影响。方法观察各种疾病实施髋关节置换手术患者108例,实验组58例做常规医疗护理的同时于术前、术中、术后3个阶段实施心理护理,对照组50例只做常规的医疗护理。并于入院当日、手术当日、术后第3日分别对两组病人进行心理反应测试。结果住院当日实施心理护理前两组患者焦虑、抑郁及疼痛水平无显著性差别(P值均>0.05);实验组患者在手术当日的焦虑、抑郁及疼痛水平显著低于对照组(P值分别为P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05);术后第3日,实验组患者的焦虑、抑郁及疼痛水平显著低于对照组(P值分别为P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论围术期心理护理可有效调节髋关节置换手术患者的应激反应水平。     

Nursing needs of acutely ill older people

BACKGROUND: Investigating older acutely ill hospitalized patients' nursing needs and quality of care is paramount, given the growing pressure on nurses to provide increasingly intensive levels of care to a growing older population while at the same time working with reduced staffing levels. AIMS: The aims of this study were to determine: (1) important aspects of nursing care as perceived by older patients, their family member/carer who observed care during hospitalization, and nurses; (2) satisfaction levels of patients, family/carers and nurses on nursing care received; and (3) mismatches between nursing care priorities and satisfaction with nursing care. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-two acutely ill patients aged over 65 years, 99 carers/family members and 90 nurses completed the Caregiving Activities Survey, which measures importance of and satisfaction with various aspects of nursing care. Qualitative data, which qualified responses to survey items, were also obtained from participants. RESULTS: Patients, carers and nurses perceived that carrying out doctors' orders was the most important aspect of nursing care, followed by physical care, psychosocial care and discharge planning. Nurses and carers rated physical care, psychosocial care and discharge planning more highly than patients. Physical care was rated highly by patients in terms of importance, but rated moderately in terms of satisfaction. Carers' and patients' ratings of satisfaction with physical care were lower than nurses' ratings of opportunities to provide it. The importance of discharge planning was rated highly by nurses but all groups were only moderately satisfied with this aspect of care. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The findings do not apply to acutely ill older patients with confusion, mental illness or more than early stage dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Patients, nurses and family/carers were generally in agreement about the relative importance of particular aspects of nursing care. Nurses may need to communicate more effectively with older patients and their family carers about the particular roles they will play during the patient's hospital episode, the expectations they have of patients in the process of healing and recovery, and the reasons for the actions they take in aiding this process. The findings are useful in making nurses more aware of the expectations and needs of older hospital patients and their carers. They provide evidence for developing both new models of nursing care for this patient group, and nursing education programmes.     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后病人抗凝治疗满意度的影响因素研究

目的:调查心脏机械瓣膜置换术(mechanical heart valve replacement,MHVR)术后长期抗凝治疗病人的满意度,并分析其影响因素,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:采用方便抽样的方法选取贵州省某三级甲等医院MHVR术后146例病人为研究对象,采用中文版抗凝治疗满意度量表(Anti-Clot Treatment Scale,ACTS)对其抗凝治疗满意度进行调查,采用单因素、多元逐步回归分析对抗凝治疗满意度的影响因素进行分析。结果:多元逐步回归分析结果显示,影响MHVR术后病人抗凝治疗满意度的因素从大到小依次为出院后并发症发生情况、出院时长、医生能否调华法林剂量、出院后是否再次住院以及每次复查费用,可以解释满意度总变异的58.7%。标准化回归方程为满意度得分=0.262×出院时长-0.347×出院后并发症发生情况+0.239×医生能否调华法林剂量-0.219×出院后是否再次住院-0.130×每次复查费用。结论:对MHVR术后病人进行延续性护理时,应重点加强华法林用药的教育,提高用药依从性,严禁病人随意加量或减量,指导病人观察出血、血栓形成的信号,学会应对措施,同时及时告知医生,减少并发症的发生。     

舒适护理在计划生育手术患者中的应用及效果观察

目的:探讨舒适护理在计划生育手术患者中的应用效果.方法:将120例行计划生育手术的患者随机分为对照组与观察组各60例,对照组患者实施传统护理模式,观察组患者实施心理舒适护理、术前舒适护理、术后舒适护理等护理措施.应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组患者干预前后负性情绪进行评估,比较两组干预前后SAS评分、SDS评分、术后VAS疼痛评分及患者满意度.结果:护理干预后观察组SAS评分、SDS评分及VAS疼痛评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),观察组患者满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:舒适护理可显著减轻计划生育手术患者心理负担,促进患者早日康复.     

Discharge planning: communication, education and patient participation

For the most part, discharge from hospital is routine and uneventful. However, for a percentage of people, discharge from acute care requires careful planning to ensure continuity of care. This is particularly the case with older patients who have complex medical needs. This literature review reveals that the essential elements for discharge planning are: communication, coordination, education, patient participation and collaboration between medical personnel. Outcomes measures of successful discharge planning include patient satisfaction and quality of life. Smooth and efficient coordination of this process reduces stress and anxiety for the patient, family, nurse, doctor, hospital and community services.     

Mapping recovery after total hip replacement surgery: health-related quality of life after three years.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate recovery from total hip replacement over a three-year period on the basis of patient perceptions of health-related quality of life, demographic (age, gender, family support) and clinical characteristics (co-morbidities, hospital admissions), use of and satisfaction with health services, unmet health needs and social re-engagement. DESIGN: Telephone survey of patients' scores on the the 36 item Short Form health survey (SF 36) at three-years as a basis for comparison with scores 12 weeks after discharge; analysis of survey responses on demographic and clinical variables, health services use and satisfaction, unmet health needs and resumption of pre-operative social activities. SETTING: One tertiary hospital in South East Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-two total hip replacement patients from an original cohort of 95 participants in a study three years previously to investigate these variables at one, two, four, eight and 12 weeks post-discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SF36 scores, survey responses on number and type of co-morbidities, age, family support, type and frequency of health services used, satisfaction with services, hospital admissions, resumption of social activities. RESULTS: No significant differences were found on any SF-36 scores, but General Health had declined. Women's Physical Functioning scores fell below population norms, men's remained above the norms. Physical composite scores showed a decline with age, and the Mental Composite Scores increased with age. The number of co-morbidities had increased over three years, with 58% being admitted to hospital. Half reported unmet health needs, related primarily to non-hip problems. Only general practitioner services were used monthly or more, with satisfaction ratings remaining high for all services used. Participation in social activities was increased from prior to surgery for 42% of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery after hip replacement surgery is dramatic, especially in alleviation of pain, but for older patients, there is a subsequent decline in general health concomittant with others in this demographic group. Differences in men's and women's patterns of recovery suggests differential planning to provide more realistic expectations for recovery and aftercare.     

Caregiver satisfaction with preparation for discharge in a decreased-length-of-stay cardiac surgery program.

Preparing caregivers of cardiac surgery patients for early discharge is an essential component of patient care. This study examined caregiver satisfaction with preparation for discharge in a decreased length of stay cardiac surgery program. Data were obtained from caregivers (N = 53) of cardiac surgery patients discharged on postoperative day 4 or 5. Data were analyzed with regard to caregiver satisfaction with preparedness for discharge, preference for a longer hospitalization, benefit of an earlier discharge, and patient care expectations. Results indicted that the majority of caregivers preferred earlier discharge but did not feel prepared for the responsibility of patient care. Implications for education and support for the caregiver before early discharge are addressed.     

关节置换术患者生活质量的研究

目的:了解关节置换术患者术前及术后3个月的生活质量,分析其影响因素,旨在为提高患者的生活质量提供依据。方法:对72例行关节置换术的患者术前和术后3个月的生活质量进行问卷及电话访谈调查。结果:术后3个月大部分患者的生活质量与术前相比有显著性的提高。然而有部分患者并无提高甚至下降。尽管术后生活质量有显著性的改善,但仍然低于同年龄组的正常人群。影响患者术后生活质量的因素包括是否伴有慢性疾病,术前关节功能以及社会支持。结论:护士应对于术前伴有慢性疾病的患者给予咨询,确保其在术前将疾病控制到最好,术后应给予密切的观察与护理。教育患有关节疾病的患者不要等到关节功能极差时才手术,早期手术治疗可以得到更好的结果。给予或指导患者亲属朋友在患者术后恢复的过程中提供支持帮助。     

Toward a predictive model of patient satisfaction with nurse practitioner care

PURPOSE: (a) To determine if caring behaviors of nurse practitioners (NPs), gender of NPs, setting (urban or rural), and age, gender, ethnicity, education, and income of patients were predictors of patient satisfaction; (b) to determine which of these characteristics was the best predictor(s) of patient satisfaction; and (c) begin to develop a conceptual model for explaining patient satisfaction with NP care. DATA SOURCES: Responses to the Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) and a demographic inquiry by 348 NPs in Louisiana and completion of the Di'Tomasso-Willard Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (DWPSQ) and a demographic inquiry from 817 patients in Louisiana served as data sources. A predictive modeling design explored which variable(s) is the best predictor of patient satisfaction, and multiple regression was used to determine the equation for the best-fitting line and the optimal model for the best predictor(s) of patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: CBI mean scores were high for all NPs. No statistically significant difference was found between male NPs' and female NPs' total mean CBI scores and between urban or rural total mean CBI scores. DWPSQ mean scores and subscale scores indicated high satisfaction with NP care. No statistically significant relationships were found between the NPs' CBI mean scores and the patients' DWPSQ mean scores. There were significant relationships between the DWPSQ subscales, including Wait Time and Patient Management. Stepwise linear regression revealed that patients' age group was a predictor of DWPSQ total mean scores. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: NPs need to be aware of developmental differences in all age groups and the differences in perceptions of care. There are many variables to consider when determining patient satisfaction with care, including the patients' sociodemographic and health variables, the healthcare system, and characteristics of the healthcare providers. Awareness of these variables may affect how NPs deliver care and ensure quality care with which the patients are satisfied.     

Organization and outcomes of inpatient AIDS care.

OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in AIDS patients' 30-day mortality and satisfaction with care in dedicated AIDS units, scattered-bed units in hospitals with and without dedicated AIDS units, and in magnet hospitals known to provide good nursing care. METHODS: Data were obtained on 1,205 consecutively admitted patients in 40 units in 20 hospitals and on 820 of their nurses. RESULTS: Mortality was lower and satisfaction was higher for AIDS patients in dedicated AIDS units and in nursing magnet hospitals. Primary nursing, end-of-life care counseling, and discharge planning were also more common. Higher nurse to patient ratios and AIDS physician specialty services were strongly associated with lower mortality. Patient satisfaction was strongly associated with organizational control of care by bedside nurses. Homosexuals were more likely to be admitted to dedicated AIDS units, which largely explains the under-representation of minorities and women. CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated AIDS units and magnet hospitals offer important benefits to AIDS patients, including lower odds on dying within 30 days of admission, higher patient satisfaction, and care meeting professional standards. Better nurse staffing, AIDS physician specialty services, and more organizational control by bedside nurses improve patient outcomes.     

白内障专科集体健康教育模式的实施与评价

目的 探讨白内障专科开展集体健康教育模式的实施效果.方法 对1200例白内障患者建立临床健康教育路径和术后采用集中式反复播放健康教育内容的方法进行健康教育,对患者的健康教育效果进行评价和满意度调查.结果 接受专科集体健康教育后,患者或家属对健康教育知识知晓率达88.5%,护理服务的满意度达95.0%,护士健康教育的时间减少,工作效率提高.结论 集体健康教育模式和临床健康教育路径的实施满足了白内障规模化手术患者对健康教育的需求,保证了健康教育的质量.     

设置妇产科专职健康护士的效果

目的了解设置妇产科专职健康教育护士的效果。方法将2010年9—11月入院的797名患者设为实验组,在常规责任护士负责健康教育的基础上,由专职健康教育护士进行系统健康教育,将6-8月入院的805名患者设为对照组,按常规由责任护士负责健康教育;比较两组患者满意度、医生对护理工作的满意度、不良事件投诉及纠纷数量进行统计比较。结果两组患者满意度及不良事件投诉、纠纷数量上,差异有统计学意义（U=2．02,289．4;P〈0．05）;两组医生的满意度差异无统计学意义（U=1．54,P〉0．05）。结论设置妇产科专职健康教育护士利于患者心理疾病的早期干预,有效缓解医患冲突,提高患者满意度,一定程度上融洽了医护关系,拓展了护理专业建设与学科发展、护士职业规划。     

An audit of the use of the Barthel Index in palliative care

The Barthel Index (Mahoney and Barthel, 1965) is an objective tool which assesses an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living; for example, personal care, mobility, transfers, bathing and feeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Index could be used with patients with life-threatening illnesses who are admitted to the inpatient intermediate care unit, to aid clinical practice, establish patients' current level of function, and highlight any progress or deterioration in abilities. The overall aim was to facilitate discharge planning and ensure that patients were managed in their preferred place of care. This was a clearly defined group of patients in a specific clinical area. The authors recognise that to improve consistency of findings, the study may need to be applied to a larger cohort of patients with a greater research emphasis. The article presents the results of an audit of 50 patients. The findings suggest that those patients with a low Barthel score on admission, or those with a score dropping by ten or more per week, are significant predictors of a short prognosis. It concludes that the Barthel Index would be a useful tool in the community to prevent inappropriate admission for those with a low score where the patient wishes to die at home. It could also be used as a monitoring tool to help discharge planning and fast-tracking to the preferred place of care in inpatient settings, and may also assist in community health care (CHC) planning.     

早期康复护理在全髋关节置换术后患者中的应用

目的:研究早期康复护理在全髋关节置换术后患者的的临床效果。方法:将2006年6月~2008年6月全髋关节置换术后30例患者作为对照组,术后按常规护理;将2008年7月~2009年12月全髋关节置换术后患者38例作为观察组,术后早期实施功能康复锻炼、心理护理、出院指导。采用Harris评分系统对两组患者髋关节评估。结果:术前1周和术后第2周的Harris评分两组间差异无显著性意义;术后第3个月和第6个月时观察组的Harris评分及Barthel指数评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:全髋关节置换术后患者的早期康复护理可保证髋关节功能恢复良好,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

路径化健康教育对机械性心脏瓣膜置换术病人自我护理能力的影响

[目的]观察路径化健康教育对机械性心脏瓣膜置换(MHVR)术后病人自我护理能力的影响。[方法]将96例MHVR术后病人随机分为路径组和常规组,分别给予路径化健康教育和常规健康教育,并采用自我护理能力测定量表评价两组病人在手术后入病房时(干预前)、出院时及出院后3个月的自我护理能力并进行比较。[结果]干预后路径化组病人出院时和3个月后自我护理能力总分及4个维度得分与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。出院时,两组自我护理能力总分及自理责任感、自我概念、健康知识水平3个维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);出院后3个月,两组自我护理能力总分及4个维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]路径化健康教育对MHVR病人自我护理能力的提升效果优于常规健康教育。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of hospital discharge planning and follow‐up in the primary care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of protocolised intervention for hospital discharge and follow‐up in the primary care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality internationally. Design: A quasi‐experimental design was adopted, with a control group and it was pseudorandomised by services. Methods: Patients with COPD admitted to two tertiary‐level public hospitals in Spain were recruited (2007–2008). The outcome variables included: readmission rate, patient satisfaction (LOPSS12), quality of life (St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaire) and level of knowledge about COPD. 48 hours after admission, both groups were evaluated by specialist coordinating nurses. At the hospital, a coordinating nurse visited each patient in the experimental group every 24 hours to identify the main caregiver, provide information about the disease, explain treatment, identify care problems and needs and facilitate communication between professionals. 24 hours after discharge, the coordinating nurses informed the primary care nurses about patient discharge. The two nurses made the first home visit together. There were follow‐up phone calls at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after discharge. A total of 143 patients were recruited (Intervention group=56; Control group=87). Results: The results showed a significant improvement in the evolution of quality of life, at 12 and 24 weeks after discharge; the level of knowledge about COPD revealed significant differences between the groups. There were no differences according to satisfaction or readmission rate. Multivariate analysis (non‐conditional logistic regression) showed the intervention to be ineffective in reducing the readmission rate. Conclusions: The planning of discharge for patients with COPD is effective in terms of improving the patients’ quality of life and level of knowledge about the disease. Relevance to clinical practice: The characteristics of patients with COPD make it necessary to include them in hospital discharge planning programmes.     

The effects of a discharge planning and home follow-up intervention on elders hospitalized with common medical and surgical cardiac conditions.

This study was a secondary analysis of data collected on 202 patients hospitalized with common medical or surgical cardiac conditions who completed a 24-week postdischarge follow-up program as part of a large-scale randomized clinical trial. Subjects were age 65 years or older, admitted from their homes with one of the following diagnosis-related groups: heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or cardiac valve replacement. The intervention consisted of comprehensive discharge planning and home follow-up by an advanced practice nurse (APN) for 4 weeks after discharge. Control subjects received usual care. Findings indicated that medical patients in the intervention group had fewer multiple readmissions during the 24 weeks of follow-up and a reduced total number of days of rehospitalization. There were fewer hospital readmissions in the surgical group when measured from discharge to 6 weeks. There were no differences in functional status between intervention and control groups for either population. The findings of this study suggest that high-risk elders with significant cardiac problems may benefit from a care program that emphasizes collaborative, coordinated discharge planning and home follow-up that includes telephone and home visits by APNs.     

Randomized trial of an intensive care unit-based early discharge planning intervention for critically ill elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Few investigators have targeted elderly patients and monitored outcomes of care in studies on discharge planning interventions after critical illness. OBJECTIVES: To pilot test an intensive care unit-based nursing screening intervention to assist in determining the discharge needs and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients. METHOD: A randomized clinical trial with in-hospital and mailed questionnaires was used. Patients 65 years and older who were hospitalized in 1 of 2 intensive care units at 2 midwestern university-affiliated medical centers were recruited for the study. Control patients (n = 53) received usual discharge planning, experimental patients (n = 47) were screened in the intensive care unit by using the Discharge Planning Questionnaire. Both groups were assessed for readiness for discharge when discharged from the hospital and were followed up 2 weeks later with a survey completed at home. RESULTS: One hundred patients 65 to 90 years old (mean 73, SD 5.78) completed the study. Sixty-six percent were men. The 2 groups did not differ with regard to age, race, sex, severity of illness, lengths of stay in the intensive care unit or hospital, education level, or income. Patients in the experimental group were more ready than patients in the control group for discharge (P =.06). Patients in the experimental group were also more likely to report they had adequate information, had less concern about managing their care at home, knew their medicines, and knew danger signals indicating potential complications. CONCLUSION: Intensive care unit-based early discharge planning can affect elderly patients' preparation for discharge.