胰腺损伤31例的诊断与治疗

~~胰腺损伤31例的诊断与治疗@李占飞$华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院外科!武汉430030 @邹声泉$华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院外科!武汉430030 @白祥军$华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院外科!武汉430030 @裘法祖$华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院外科!武汉430030胰腺损伤;;诊断;;治疗[1] Lopez PP, LeBlang S, Popkin CA, et al. Blunt duodenal and pancreatic trauma[J]. J Trauma, 2002, 53(6): 1195-1198. [2] Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Malangoni MA, et al. Organinjury scaling,…     

不同桩核材料及箍结构对前牙残根抗折力影响的研究

~~不同桩核材料及箍结构对前牙残根抗折力影响的研究@周强$第四军医大学口腔医学院修复科!陕西省西安市710032 @陈吉华$第四军医大学口腔医学院修复科!陕西省西安市710032 @王辉$第四军医大学口腔医学院修复科!陕西省西安市710032 @赵桂文$第四军医大学口腔医学院修复科!陕西省西安市710032 @贾二曼$第四军医大学口腔医学院修复科!陕西省西安市710032~~~~~~     

酪氨酸激酶A在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达及与嗜神经侵袭的关系

~~酪氨酸激酶A在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达及与嗜神经侵袭的关系@王磊$第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科!陕西省西安市710032 @孙沫逸$第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科!陕西省西安市710032 @杨耀武$第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科!陕西省西安市710032 @程晓兵$第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科!陕西省西安市710032 @李建虎$第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科!陕西省西安市710032~~~~~~~~     

吸痰器吸引管管腔快速清洁方法

用吸痰器吸引管吸取 84原液 10 2 0ｍｌ,在 84液未进入贮藏瓶时 ,分别将靠近贮藏瓶一端及吸引端用止血钳夹闭。抬高 ,放低吸引管两端数次 ,让管内的 84原液随管腔左右流动 ,3ｍｉｎ后 ,管腔即恢复透明洁净本色。吸痰器吸引管管腔快速清洁方法$华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院呼吸内科!湖北武汉430071@卢娅莉     

沉痛悼念吴熙瑞教授

吴熙瑞教授于1923年8月16日出生。1949年毕业于上海同济大学医学院,1961年留学于苏联医学科学院,获医学博士学位。1949年毕业后,留校任教于华中科技大学同济医学院（原同济医科大学）,从事药理学、妇产科内分泌学、计划生育学和生殖医学科研、教学、医疗、培训工作。历任第一任同济医学院计划生育研究所所长、生殖医学中心主任、同济医学院教授、国务院首批部属院校妇产科学、计划生育学博士生导师。     

拇指外伤性缺损后再造术的现状

~~拇指外伤性缺损后再造术的现状@扈延龄$山东潍坊医学院整形外科研究所!山东潍坊261042 @唐胜建$山东潍坊医学院整形外科研究所!山东潍坊261042 @王成琪$中国人民解放军第89医院骨科!山东潍坊261041[1]Brunelli GA，Brunnelli GR.Reco，:struCtlon of trauoatic absence     

疼痛机制与疼痛治疗(2)

~~疼痛机制与疼痛治疗(2)@张天锡$上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院神经外科!200025 @印其章$苏州大学医学院!215007     

"环孢素A在肾移植中的应用"专题研讨会专家共识

中华医学会器官移植学分会和泌尿外科学分会肾移植学组召集全国部分肾移植中心的20位专家,对环孢素A(CsA)临床应用的大量循证医学证据进行分析,并结合国内的应用经验和实际情况.就目前在中国人群的肾移植免疫抑制中如何合理使用CsA达成了以下共识.通讯作者:陈实,430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院器官移植研究所;石炳毅,100091 北京,解放军总医院第二附属医院器官移植中心     

改良指动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复指腹缺损

1995年以来,应用改良指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣,修复指腹缺损46例49指:在原术式基础上,用皮瓣内指神经主干与另一侧指神经残端镜下吻合。随访6～18个月,功能满意,外形美观。体会:该法简单迅速,术后处理简单,指腹感觉恢复优越,适合基础医院开展。改良指动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复指腹缺损@崔守新$山东单县中心医院!济宁医学院附属湖西医院骨一科 @于凤珍$山东单县中心医院!济宁医学院附属湖西医院骨一科 @肖善富$山东单县中心医院!济宁医学院附属湖西医院骨一科     

曾甫清教授生平

正曾甫清,男,1953年5月1日出生,汉族,湖南省邵东县人,中共党员,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院二级教授、主任医师、博士生导师,国务院特殊津贴专家。1969年应征入伍,1972年加入中国共产党,1974年毕业于武汉医学院。历任同济医科大学附属协和医院     

Human sperm mitochondrial function related to motility: a flow and image cytometric assessment

Current evaluation of male fertility, routinely estimated by sperm count, motility, and morphology, provides only crude information about the fertility state of individuals. Both flow and image cytometry were applied to mitochondrial activity and sperm motility respectively. Sperm samples from fertile donors were concomitantly measured for Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) uptake (an estimation of mitochondrial activity), percentage of dead cells, and motility characteristics, such as percentage of motility, curvilinear velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement. These measurements were done under experimental conditions known to modulate sperm motility (temperature and time course survival in a capacitating medium). Bimodal distributions were found for Rh123 uptake. Flow cytometry-derived parameters were essentially time-dependent whereas motility characteristics were primarily temperature-dependent. Correlations were found between various flow cytometry-derived parameters and motility characteristics. Most of the correlations were obtained after a 24 h incubation in a capacitating medium. The most significant correlation in every experimental condition concerned the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the Rh123 uptakes. The drop in motility observed after a 24 h incubation was paralleled by a markedly lower drop in mitochondrial activity. The data suggest that these two complementary techniques represent an improvement in basic and/or clinical assessment of the functional spermatozoa status.     

Motility Related to the Presence of Carnitine/Acetyl-Carnitine in Human Spermatozoa

Total carnitine, acetylcarnitine and carnitine acetyl transferase (E.C. 2.3.1.7) were measured in the plasma and spermatozoa fractions of 41 samples of human semen and the correlation with sperm motility and sperm density examined.
It was confirmed that the concentration of total carnitine as well as of acetylcarnitine was 2–25 times higher and the activity of carnitine acetyl transferase 20–15 fold higher in spermatozoa than in seminal plasma. Sperm motility correlated with the concentration of acetylcarnitine (r = 0.6, P < 0.01) and of total carnitine (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) but not with the concentration of free carnitine nor with the activity of carnitine acetyl transferase in the spermatozoa. No correlation was found between sperm motility and the concentrations of acetylcarnitine, free carnitine or total carnitine in the seminal plasma.
It is concluded that the amount of carnitine present in the spermatozoa probably provides a better index of epididymal function than the carnitine in the seminal plasma as the latter in influenced by af variable contribution from the other accessory sex organs.     

Human sperm DNA oxidation, motility and viability in the presence of L-carnitine during in vitro incubation and centrifugation

In vitro incubation and centrifugation is known to decrease human sperm quality. In the human body, besides its antioxidant effects, L-carnitine (LC) facilitates the transport of activated fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. In this study, we investigated the effect of LC on human sperm motility, viability and DNA oxidation after incubation and centrifugation, following the sperm preparation protocols of assisted reproduction. Normozoospermic semen samples (n = 55) were analysed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. LC concentrations that are not toxic to spermatozoa as determined by sperm motility and viability were standardised after 2 and 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. Semen samples to which the optimal LC concentrations were added were also centrifuged for 20 min at 300 g and analysed for sperm motility, viability and DNA oxidation. Sperm motility was improved at 0.5 mg ml(-1) LC after incubation and centrifugation with 5 × 10(6) sperm ml(-1). Higher concentration of LC (50 mg ml(-1)) significantly decreased sperm motility and viability. LC did not alter the baseline of sperm DNA oxidation during both incubation and centrifugation. In conclusion, LC may enhance sperm motility following incubation and centrifugation, while it might not affect sperm viability and DNA oxidation.     

卡托普利体外对人精子运动参数的影响

目的:探讨卡托普利体外对人精子运动参数的影响。方法:将卡托普利注射液配制成1×10-5、1×10-6及1×10-7mol/L 3组浓度,分别在体外作用于取自正常生育男性并经Percoll梯度离心处理的精子。分别将3组卡托普利溶液各20μl与180μl精子悬液混匀,均于作用5 m in后采用计算机辅助精液分析系统检测精子运动参数。结果:3组不同浓度卡托普利溶液与精子作用5 m in后,精子活率和前向运动精子百分率明显降低(P<0.05);其他运动参数无明显变化。结论:卡托普利能显著降低精子活率和前向运动精子百分率,对其他运动参数无显著影响。     

Evaluation of sperm fertilizing ability using the Sperm Quality Analyzer

The Sperm Quality Analyzer is an inexpensive device which provides a quantitative estimation of sperm motility. To evaluate the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa using a Sperm Quality Analyzer, correlations amongst the sperm motility index, the sperm penetration index (as assessed using the sperm penetration assay; SPA), and the fertilization rate in the treatment of standard IVF-ET were analysed retrospectively. The sperm motility index demonstrated a significant correlation with sperm concentration ( p  < 0.001), sperm motility ( p  < 0.001) and the motile sperm concentration ( p  < 0.001) in a total of 104 fresh semen samples from 81 men donating samples for IVF-ET. The sperm motility index also showed a significant correlation ( p  < 0.001) with the sperm penetration index in 60 patients, assessed using the SPA, before they were treated by standard IVF-ET. The correlation between the sperm motility index and the IVF-ET fertilization rate was higher than that between the sperm penetration index and the fertilization rate. The sperm motility index was classified into three categories: `poor' (sperm motility index < 80), `medium' (sperm motility index 81–160) and `good' (sperm motility index>  160). The relationships between the IVF-ET fertilization rate and each category of the sperm motility index values were also evaluated. For the three categories in the sperm motility index, the fertilization rates (76.0%) of 60 samples judged as `good' were significantly higher than those (44.2%) of 15 samples judged as `medium' ( p  < 0.001) and those (34.7%) of 13 samples judged as `poor' ( p  < 0.001). These results indicate that the Sperm Quality Analyzer provides a reliable estimation of the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa.     

Expression and localisation of RXFP3 in human spermatozoa and impact of INSL7 on sperm functions

Insulin‐like peptide 7 (INSL7) or relaxin‐3 is a member of the insulin superfamily that is recently discovered. This hormone interacts with relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3). Although recent studies of INSL7 have focused on its function in the brain as a neuropeptide, spermatozoa may be a candidate target of INSL7 due to its detection in testes and contains binding sites. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the expression and localisation of RXFP3 on human spermatozoa and to assess the effect of INSL7 on human sperm motility. We have incubated normal semen samples in different doses of INSL7. Sperm motility was analysed by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis. Moreover, localisation and expression of RXFP3 were assessed in human spermatozoa by immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR respectively. This study indicated that RXFP3 mainly localised in the post‐acrosomal region of sperm head and neck. However, we did not observe expression of RXFP3 mRNA in human spermatozoa. This study showed that INSL7 alleviated the natural decline in sperm motility after a 4‐hr incubation period. This was particularly observed in the 1.8 pmol/L treated samples. These data suggested that most likely expression of RXFP3 arrested in spermiogenesis, but the RXFP3 peptide existed on the surface of mature spermatozoa.     

Pentoxifylline stimulates various sperm motion parameters and cervical mucus penetrability in patients with asthenozoospermia

Pentoxifylline (PTX) was incubated in vitro with human spermatozoa to examine its effects on sperm motility characteristics and bovine cervical mucus penetrability (BCMP). Sperm motion parameters were assessed by computer-assisted motion analysis (CASA) using HTM-IVOS and BCMP was evaluated using the Penetrak kit. In vitro incubation with PTX (1  mg  ml⁻¹; 3.6  mm, 30  min) did not significantly change percentage motility, average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) or beat cross frequency (BCF) of spermatozoa from normozoospermic or asthenozoospermic samples. However, it significantly increased curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and hyperactivated motility (HA), and significantly decreased linearity (LIN) of spermatozoa from both samples. Pentoxifylline was found to increase BCMP scores for spermatozoa from asthenozoospermic samples, but did not affect scores for spermatozoa from normozoospermic samples. Bovine cervical mucus penetrability (BCMP) was found to be positively and significantly correlated with the percentage motility of both non-PTX-treated and PTX-treated spermatozoa for asthenozoospermic samples. These results demonstrated that PTX enhanced several motion sperm parameters as well as BCMP in asthenozoospermic samples and suggest a potential use of the methylxanthine in infertile patients with motility defects undergoing artificial insemination.     

用传统方法与计算机辅助精液分析软件CRISMAS分析166名丹麦青年男性精液样本的结果比较

本研究以166名丹麦青年男性精液为样本,通过评估精于浓度和活力来比较传统精液分析与计算机辅助精液分析方法（CASA）（哥本哈根Rigshospitalet图像屋精子运动分析系统,CRISMAS软件4．6版本）。CRISMAS软件测定精子的浓度把精子活力分为三类。传统分析方法将精子活力分为四种状态。为了便于二者的比较,本文将传统的四种状态根据精子速度等级重新分为三个状态：rapidly progressive（A）,slowly progressive（B）和non-progressive（C＋D）。两种方法所研究的参数之间都有显著差异（P〈0．001）。与传统方法相比,CRISMAS高估了精子浓度以及快速运动精子的比例,因而低估了慢速运动和非运动精子。为分析研究结果是否会随精液分析时间而起伏变动,将精液分析结果按分析同期分为四个层次。结果表明CRISMAS对活力的分析结果比传统分析方法稳定,但两种方法都未表现出任何趋势。显然,无法比较CRISMAS CASA和传统分析方法在精子浓度和精子活力方面的分析结果。在临床上使用该软件时以及用其研究这些精子特性时需要说明这一点。     

The influence of pentoxifylline on motility and viability of spermatozoa from normozoospermic semen samples

In order to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility and longevity, a controlled in-vitro study was conducted on normozoospermic donor semen samples using the Cellsoft automated system for sperm motility analysis. After incubation and selection, pentoxifylline was found to improve the recovery of spermatozoa and to increase their velocity. In the subgroup of progressively motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity was also enhanced. It is concluded that pentoxifylline has an effect on the vigour, but not on the pattern, of sperm motion. Pentoxifylline did not improve the motility characteristics of senescent spermatozoa in normozoospermic sperm samples. Sperm survival, as shown by supra-vital staining, and motility longevity both decreased with time after pentoxifylline treatment.     

CASA as an aid to selecting sperm suspensions for artificial insemination in Callithrix jacchus

The ability to use sperm motility parameters, obtained by computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA), as an aid to selecting sperm samples for artificial insemination (AI) would have considerable benefits for commercial organizations and for the captive breeding of endangered species. In this study the Hobson sperm tracker (HST) was validated for use with spermatozoa from Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset, by comparing values for straight line velocity by CASA with those obtained by direct measurement of sperm tracks. Using the settings established during validation, ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa were analysed with the HST. The range of values for velocity parameters were used to establish expected motility profiles for the two types of spermatozoa as follows: for epididymal spermatozoa (concentration 2.2 - 85.8 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL) VCL 109.8-155.9, VSL 75.2-141.5, VAP 85.8-142.1, MAD 13.7-40.7, ALH 3.8-7.8, BCF 1.4-4.2, LIN 40.5-91.1% and STR 70.1-97.1%; for ejaculated spermatozoa (concentration 3.2-82.0 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL) VCL 89.6-136.7, VSL 69.6-110.3, VAP 74.5-121.9, MAD 19.2-29.3, ALH 3.0-9.9, BCF 2.8-5.5., LIN 65.4-85.3% and STR 93.8-97.7%. Epididymal spermatozoa from males which were not sexually active had significantly lower values for VCL, VSL and VAP, while values for MAD were significantly higher than for spermatozoa from sexually active males (p < 0.031). Sperm concentration affected motility parameters significantly. Although motility parameters differed according to the batch of medium used, the differences were not statistically significant. Epididymal sperm samples had significantly higher VCL, VSL and VAP but lower BCF and LIN than ejaculated sperm samples of the same concentration diluted in the same batch of medium, while MAD, ALH and STR were not different. Urine contamination significantly reduced VCL, VSL and VAP (p < 0.008, < 0.016 and < 0.008, respectively, sample size = 7) whereas MAD, ALH, BCF, LIN and STR were not affected. Therefore CASA could be useful in screening ejaculates for use in Al to eliminate samples with unusual motility patterns.