下颌骨肿瘤切除后游离腓骨肌皮瓣一期修复16例

目的 总结下颌骨肿瘤切除后游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨缺损的经验.方法 对16例应用游离腓骨肌皮瓣行下颌骨肿瘤切除后下颌骨缺损修复的病例作回顾性研究,分析了不同类型下颌骨的缺损,所采用腓骨肌皮瓣的设计,复合组织瓣的成活情况及术后并发症的发生情况.结果 本组16患者游离腓骨肌皮瓣成活率100%.结论 血管化的游离腓骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨缺损具有血供丰富、抗感染力强、骨愈合快、成活率高等优点.     

头颈部肿瘤术后缺损游离组织瓣的供区选择

目的应用游离组织瓣修复头颈部肿瘤术后缺损,探讨较简便合适的方法。方法回顾并分析1999年1月~2002年1月,采用游离组织瓣修复头颈部肿瘤术后缺损86例。缺损部位:口腔32例,下咽27例,下颌骨12例,颅底5例,中面部4例和头皮/皮肤6例。供区:腹直肌皮瓣32例,股前外侧皮瓣10例,空肠瓣25例,腓骨瓣11例,背阔肌皮瓣4例,前臂皮瓣3例和肩胛皮瓣1例。其中皮瓣或肌皮瓣大小4 cm×5 cm~14 cm×24 cm,腓骨瓣长度4~16 cm,空肠瓣长度9~20 cm。结果游离组织瓣术后成活79例,成活率为92%。其中口腔缺损采用腹直肌肌皮瓣22例(69%)和股前外侧皮瓣10例(31%)修复;下咽缺损主要用空肠瓣修复25例(93%),下颌骨缺损则用腓骨瓣修复11例(92%),颅底缺损由腹直肌皮瓣修复4例(80%)。腹直肌、股前外侧、空肠和腓骨4种组织瓣修复头颈部缺损78例,占同期游离组织瓣的91%。结论头颈部肿瘤术后缺损复杂,利用腹直肌肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、空肠瓣和腓骨瓣可解决大多数修复重建的难题。     

带血管蒂游离腓骨瓣移植与钛板固定一期修复下颌骨缺损

目的：探讨下颌骨缺损修复新途径。方法：对22例因各种原因所致下颌骨缺损患者采用带血管蒂游离腓骨瓣同期移植修复。结果：全部游离腓骨瓣均获成活，所有病例下颌骨形状和功能恢复良好。结论：游离腓骨瓣血供良好，骨量充足，可塑性强，修复下颌骨缺损效果良好。     

腓骨复合瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损

目的　总结应用游离腓骨复合瓣修复下颌骨缺损的经验。方法　 1999年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 11月对5 8例应用腓骨复合瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损的病例作回顾性研究 ,其中男 37例 ,女 2 1例。年龄 12～ 6 5岁 ,平均4 0 .9岁。分析下颌骨缺损原因 ,分析腓骨瓣设计、受区血管、组织瓣成活情况及术后并发症的发生情况。结果　 5 8例中 5 2例为肿瘤切除术后修复 ,其中 4 3例为一期修复 ,9例为二期修复。采用游离腓骨复合骨瓣的腓骨长度 4～2 1cm ,平均 11.4 cm ;腓骨的截骨为 1～ 4次数 ,平均 2 .1次 ;骨瓣带皮岛最大范围 12 cm× 8cm,最小 3.0 cm×1.5 cm。术后游离腓骨瓣的临床成功率为 96 .6 % (5 6 /5 8) ,失败 2例。受供区并发症主要为血肿、积液、创口感染和腺瘘 ,有 4例为植皮坏死和创口感染 ,发生率为 2 4 .1% ,但不影响效果。结论　游离腓骨瓣在修复下颌骨缺损中具有操作灵活 ,安全可靠 ,制备简便 ,并发症少 ,可以满足各种类型下颌骨缺损修复的需要     

应用吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的探讨下颌骨放射性骨坏死所致颌面部组织缺损的修复手段。方法对下颌骨放射性骨坏死行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植修复颌面部组织缺损。共有髂骨肌皮瓣9例、髂骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣5例、腓骨肌皮瓣5例以及腓骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣1例修复20例下颌骨骨坏死。结果临床随访1～5年，除1例髂骨肌皮瓣坏死外其余均正常成活。吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣移植成功率达95％。结论下颌骨放射性骨坏死应行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植可以有效修复手术所致的颌面部组织缺损。     

应用游离腓骨组织瓣修复口腔肿瘤切除后下颌骨缺损

目的探讨应用游离腓骨组织瓣修复口腔肿瘤切除后下颌骨缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾分析接受游离腓骨组织瓣修复口腔肿瘤切除后下颌骨缺损的临床资料15例。其中下颌骨造釉细胞瘤5例，下颌骨纤维肉瘤2例。颌下腺腺样囊性癌3例，颌下腺粘液表皮样癌2例，口底黏膜高分化鳞癌3例。单纯腓骨骨瓣修复10例，腓骨骨皮瓣修复5例。结果14例腓骨瓣成活，生长良好，1例腓骨骨皮瓣因术后发生血循环危象，经抢救无效而坏死。结论游离腓骨组织瓣修复口腔肿瘤切除后下颌骨缺损可较好地恢复容貌和口腔功能，提高了患者的生存质量。     

游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果观察

目的:总结游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果,改善口腔颌面部缺损患者的生活质量。方法:选择2011年6月-2014年6月笔者科室收治的50例口腔颌面部缺损患者,均采取游离皮瓣移植修复治疗,并观察患者术后皮瓣的成活率及并发症情况。结果:游离皮瓣移植修复治疗后,50例患者中49例患者治疗成功,成功率为98%,1例患者治疗失败(占2.0%)。从并发症情况来看,患者术后出现了3例早期局部并发症(占6.0%),发生术后皮瓣危象3例(占6.0%),术后皮瓣危象患者中出现了2例静脉血栓情况,其中1例手术探查抢救成功。前臂桡侧皮瓣成活率97.5%,股前外侧游离皮瓣成活率80.0%,腓骨肌皮瓣成活率100.0%,背阔肌皮瓣成活率100.0%。随访2年,多数患者外形、功能均满意。结论:游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果显著,可以作为口腔颌面部缺损患者治疗的首选方案。     

快速原型技术和腓骨肌皮瓣即刻重建下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损

目的 探讨即刻重建下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损解剖外形的理想方法. 方法 对6例需行下颌骨部分切除的成釉细胞瘤患者行术前CT扫描,MIMICS软件重建下颌骨三维数字模型,激光树脂成型机打印下颌骨实体模型,根据影像学检查结果在实体模型上设计截骨范围和重建钛网,数控成型机冲压钛网,腓骨肌皮瓣和钛网植入即刻修复下颌骨缺损. 结果 6例腓骨肌皮瓣全部存活,下颌骨缺损区解剖外形恢复满意,局部面容和余留牙咬合关系保持正常.结论 应用快速原型技术和腓骨肌皮瓣即刻修复下颌骨成釉细胞瘤术后缺损,不仅可以有效恢复下颌骨自然外形和患者容貌,也为局部咬合重建提供了解剖基础.     

游离腓骨移植修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨游离腓骨移植在下颌骨缺损修复中的应用价值.方法 对患者下颌骨缺损8例,应用吻合血管的游离腓骨移植进行缺损修复,根据缺损大小用线锯切取长为7～ 15cm的腓骨块、塑形,先固定骨块,再吻合血管.观察修复效果及并发症情况. 结果 8例移植骨瓣成活良好,术后未见明显血肿、积液等并发症情况.术后随访5年,面部外形、健侧咬合情况良好,语言、咀嚼、吞咽功能恢复正常,供区愈合良好,行走正常,未出现踝关节不稳定情况. 结论 应用游离腓骨修复下颌骨缺损,在恢复患者面部外观及口腔重要生理功能方面都可取得满意临床效果.     

远端静脉留置管在腓骨肌瓣移植中血供监测的应用

自Hidalgo于1989年首次报告利用吻合血管的游离腓骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损以来[1],游离腓骨瓣在下颌骨重建中的应用迅即为头颈重建外科医师所接受.游离腓骨骨皮瓣已经成为修复各种类型下颌骨缺损最常用的方法[2].其修复部位通常为深部组织缺损,为了监测深部移植的游离组织瓣血供情况,2005年6月至2008年6月,我们对14例深部移植腓骨肌瓣设计外置的远心端静脉留置管观察血供,临床效果满意,报告如下.     

Simultaneous maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with a single Osteocutaneous fibula free flap: A description of three cases

Large defects that comprise both the maxilla and mandible prove to be difficult reconstructive endeavors and commonly require two free tissue transfers. Three cases are presented to discuss an option for simultaneous reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects using a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap. The first case describes a 16‐year‐old male with a history of extensive facial trauma sustained in a boat propeller accident resulting in a class IId maxillary and 5 cm mandibular defect status post three failed reconstructive surgeries; the second, a 33‐year‐old male with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma of the muscles of mastication with resultant hemi‐mandibulectomy and class IId maxillary defects; and lastly, a 48‐year‐old male presenting after a failed scapular free flap to reconstruct defects resulting from a self‐inflicted gunshot wound, which included a 5 cm defect of the right mandibular body and 4.5 cm defect of the inferior maxillary bone. In all cases, a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap was used in two bone segments; one to obturate the maxillary defect and restore alveolar bone and the other to reconstruct the mandibular defect. The most recent patient was able to undergo implantable dental rehabilitation. Postoperatively, the free flaps were viable and masticatory function was restored in all patients during a follow‐up range of 2–4 years.     

吻合血管的游离复合皮瓣修复下颌骨及软组织缺损

目的　寻找一种既能同时满足修复下颌骨及软组织缺损需要 ,又符合牙种植条件的理想修复材料。方法　对 15例下颌骨复合组织缺损者行吻合血管的游离腓骨 -肌 -皮瓣复合组织移植修复。结果　 14例成功 ,颌面部外形、功能良好 ,利于牙种植。手术效果满意。结论　腓骨-肌 -皮瓣复合组织是目前修复下颌骨复合缺损的理想术式。     

One-stage reconstruction of extensive composite extremity defects with low donor site morbidity: A retrospective case series of combined transfer of a vascularized fibula flap and a perforator flap

BackgroundExtensive composite extremity defects remain a challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. To preserve the extremity, we used combined transfer composed of the vascularized fibula flap and a perforator flap from various body parts to reconstruct extensive composite extremity defects.Patients and methodsFrom January 2004 to December 2018, 14 male patients aged 9 to 55 years with extensive composite extremity defects (large soft-tissue and long bone defect) underwent reconstructive surgery in our institution. The combined transfer surgery consisted of the vascularized fibula bone flap and a perforator flap, such as anterolateral thigh flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, or thoracodorsal artery perforator flap.ResultsAll fourteen patients were treated successfully using the combined transfer method. The dimensions of the different perforator flaps ranged from 13 × 6 cm² to 26 × 11 cm², and the size of the skin paddle of the fibular osteocutaneous flap ranged from 9 × 3 cm² to 21 × 7 cm². The median length of the fibular graft was 15 cm. No serious donor site complications were observed. Only one patient developed venous congestion and was salvaged. Another patient had hematoma at the recipient site and underwent debridement. Though all patients achieved bone union (median time of 8 months), two developed a stress fracture of the transferred free fibula.ConclusionWe were able to minimize donor site morbidity and avoid amputation in these patients using the combined transfer technique Our results show that the combined transfer of perforator flap and vascularized fibula flap with or without a skin paddle is a feasible reconstruction option for the treatment of the extensive composite extremity defects.     

Fixation and reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures with vascularized fibular grafting

Introduction  

Based on the considerable experience for management of combined bone and composite soft-tissue defects in the limbs by free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap grafting, the authors present the effective alternative for management of the severe comminuted tibial shaft fractures in one-stage reconstructive technique.     

Reconstruction of bony mandibular and maxillary defects with one single transfer of a free fibula osteocutaneous flap.

One-stage bone reconstruction of both the maxilla and the mandible with a single bone transfer is unusual in microsurgery. The authors report and describe the surgical technique of an original one-stage bone reconstruction of the maxilla and the mandible in a defect caused by a gunshot injury. The reconstruction was performed with a free fibular osteocutaneous flap. A concomitant maxillo-mandibular defect is uncommon. Gunshot injuries and tumours are the two main causes of this defect. The reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects can be a surgical challenge. The reconstruction was performed in one stage with the free transfer of a fibular osteocutaneous flap.     

A comparison between fibula and iliac crest in mandibular reconstruction

Nowadays the vascularized free fibula flap and the free iliac crest flap are the methods most frequently used to reconstruct the mandible. This is also the case in our clinic. A retrospective nonrandomized study was performed to compare both flaps. The vascularized fibula free flap and the iliac crest free flap were compared in terms of logistics, flap failure, revisionary surgery, donor site morbidity, and recipient site morbidity. No significant differences in flap failure and revision surgery were found between the fibula group and the iliac crest group. Recipient site and donor site complications (major and minor) were significantly less in the fibula group compared to the iliac crest group. In mandibular reconstruction, the free vascularized fibula flap appears to be superior to the free vascularized iliac crest flap in terms of both recipient site and donor site morbidity.     

Complex oncologic reconstruction of a mandibular and floor of mouth defect with a fibula free flap in an achondroplastic patient

The fibular free flap is seen as one of the foremost technical options in mandibular reconstruction, especially in those defects where long bone is required. Cases with squamous-cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth with mandibular spread and subsequent segmentary mandibular removal are the cornerstone examples. A case of squamous-cell carcinoma of the whole floor of the mouth with mandibular invasion is reported. Radical resection of the floor of the mouth and bilateral mandibular horizontal ramus was performed, with a bony defect extending from angle to angle. The patient revealed an achondroplastic condition, with remarkable dwarfism and long-bone morphological alterations, that minimized the potential fibular length to transfer. A microsurgical reconstruction with an osteocutaneous fibular free flap was undertaken. The flap design was technically compromised by the forward bowing of the fibula and the ossification of the interosseous membrane. Specific intraoperative strategies for dealing with anatomic variations are discussed. The fibular free flap is an excellent technique for mandibular reconstruction. Morphological deviations can modify the design of the flap. Achondroplasia is not a deterrent in successful use of the free fibula flap for reconstruction of the head and neck in adequately selected cases.     

Vertical distraction osteogenesis of fibula transplant for mandibular reconstruction: a case report.

Bone continuity defects in the mandible are caused by tumor surgery, trauma, infection, or osteoradionecrosis. Today, reconstruction of long-span mandibular defects with a free fibular flap is a routine procedure. However the bone height of the mandible after reconstruction is about half that of the dentulous mandible. Therefore, the deficiency in bone height makes implant placement impractical. In our case, because it was necessary to restore the mandibular height, a vertical distraction osteogenesis was performed on the grafted mandible of the patient who was referred to our clinic with a reconstructed mandible owing to a gunshot injury. As a result, the vertical discrepancy between the fibula and the native hemimandible of the patient was corrected. And the placement of dental implants was performed without any complications. In conclusion, we believe that the vertical distraction osteogenesis of free vascularized fibula flaps is a reliable technique that optimizes implant positioning for ideal prosthetic rehabilitation.     

Oromandibular reconstruction for oncological purposes

The authors compared different vascularized bone grafts in 15 patients with different oncological diagnoses that were treated with hemimandibulectomy in 9 patients, total mandibulectomy in 1 patient, resection of the mandible involving the anterior arch and the symphysis in 3 patients, 1 patient who underwent a segmental mandibular resection, and 1 patient in whom the entire hemimandible was reconstructed because of mandibular hypoplasia diagnosed during the resection of a parotid neoplasm. The flaps used included fibular free flaps in 11 patients, iliac crest in 3 patients, and a radial forearm osteocutaneous flap in 1 patient. Two patients had major complications and 1 patient experienced recurrence of the primary tumor. The fibular free flap was the preferred method in this series due to the size of the defect, which in most patients did not require extensive soft-tissue reconstruction, and due to the nature of the bone defect involving the symphysis and condyle in 9 patients. The different vascularized bone grafts provided adequate osseous and soft tissue for oromandibular reconstruction.