The impact of propylthiouracil therapy on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status parameters in hyperthyroid patients

This study was performed on 17 hyperthyroid patients and 15 healthy controls. The patients were under propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy at a dosage of 3 x 100 mg/day for one month. Blood samples, taken at the beginning and on the 30th day of therapy, were analyzed for hormonal parameters (T3, T4, TSH), lipid peroxidation endproduct [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)] and antioxidant status parameters: glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD). Hyperthyroid patients were observed to have significantly higher TBARS, GSH and CuZn SOD levels than controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). PTU therapy caused a relief in oxidative stress as reflected by significantly decreased TBARS levels (P < 0.001) and a selective modification in the antioxidant status parameters: significant decreases in GSH and CuZn SOD levels (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in GSH Px (P < 0.01) activity. Our findings suggest a selective modification of the antioxidative profile in hyperthyroidism. PTU should also be considered as an in vivo antioxidant, in addition to its antithyroid action.     

糖尿病大鼠心肌病理变化及脂质过氧化和一氧化氮的改变

目的：研究糖尿病心肌的病理变化及其发生机制。方法：用光镜及透射电镜观察四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病1个月大鼠心肌形学改变,并测定心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷膛甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px)、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性及一氧化氮（NO）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：光镜下见心肌细胞萎缩、嗜酸性变及空泡变性,间质纤维增生,透射电镜下见线粒体扩张、嵴变短,内质网扩张,骨原纤维破坏,间质胶原纤维增生。SOD、GSH－Px活性下降,NOS活性及NO、MDA含量增加。结论：糖尿病大鼠心肌病变主要为心肌萎缩、线粒体扩张及肌原纤维破坏,间质纤维增生,脂质过氧化作用及NO所致的损伤可参与其中。     

Antioxidant status in delayed healing type of wounds

This investigation studied the contribution of antioxidants in delaying healing in excision cutaneous wounds (8 mm) in diabetic, aged and immunocompromised animals. Skin levels of catalase, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat were lower as compared to nondiabetics. The 7-d wound tissue of diabetic rats showed an increased vitamin E level along with depleted GSH content. In aged rats (18 months old), higher levels of skin superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lower levels of catalase and GSH were found as compared to their values in young rats (3-4 months old). The levels of SOD, GPx, catalase, AA, GSH and vitamin E in 7-d wound tissue of aged rats were significantly lower in comparison to those in young rats. However, TBARS were elevated in these wound tissues. The non-wounded skin of immunocompromised (athymic) mice showed lower levels of SOD, catalase, and TBARS and higher GSH and GPx levels in comparison to those present in normal mouse skin. Surprisingly, the analysis of 7-d wound tissue showed higher levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, and GSH and lower TBARS level in athymic mice compared to the wound tissue of normal mice. Thus low levels of antioxidants accompanied by raised levels of markers of free radical damage play a significant role in delaying wound healing in aged rats. In diabetic rats reduced glutathione levels may have a contributory role in delaying the healing process. However, in immunocompromised mice the antioxidant status following injury showed an adapted response.     

Oxidative stress, vitamin E and progestin breakthrough bleeding

Endometrial bleeding problems can be the major reason for discontinuing progestin-only contraception. In this study the endometrial angiogenic response in Norplant users was found to be lower than in women with normal menstrual cycles. These disturbances in angiogenic response may be caused by oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the endometrium. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of progestin only contraceptives on blood concentrations of lipid peroxide and vitamin E, and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on endometrial angiogenic response in vitro. The subjects for this study were Norplant users, depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users, and controls. Circulating lipid peroxide and vitamin E concentration was measured by routine methodology. Endometrial angiogenic response was assayed using an endothelial cell migration assay. The results showed that the blood concentrations of lipid peroxide from Norplant users with bleeding problems were significantly higher than normal menstrual controls (P < 0.05) and supplementation of vitamin E (in vitro) increased the endometrial angiogenic score. Blood concentrations of lipid peroxide were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the blood concentrations of vitamin E were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after 3 months exposure to Norplant or DMPA. The endometrial angiogenic scores in Norplant and DMPA users were significantly lower than in controls (P < 0.02). It is concluded that in progestin-only contraceptive users, higher lipid peroxide and lower vitamin E concentration may cause endometrial cell damage and decrease the endometrial angiogenic response. It is suggested that vitamin E supplementation may counteract these unwanted side-effects.     

Effect of magnesium supplementation on oxidative stress in alloxanic diabetic rats.

Magnesium deficit and oxidative stress are common features of the diabetic state. This concept supported by another observation that magnesium deficiency is also a state of increased oxidative stress prompted us to study the effect of magnesium supplementation on magnesium status and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were made diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan. Experimental diabetes caused a significant decrease in serum and red blood cell magnesium levels and increased urinary excretion of magnesium. Marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde and corresponding decrease in vitamins C & E, uric acid and total thiols was observed in the diabetic rats as compared to control group. In liver, MDA levels were increased significantly with concomitant decrease in vitamin C, non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes (SOD & GST). Magnesium supplementation for four weeks restored serum and RBC magnesium levels to near normal levels with marginal but significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Plasma and liver MDA levels were reduced significantly and vitamin C and total thiols were increased significantly with magnesium supplementation. Antioxidant enzyme activity was also increased significantly with magnesium supplementation in diabetic rats. Our data clearly demonstrates that alloxanic diabetes is associated with decreased magnesium status and increased oxidative stress and that magnesium supplementation can in part restore the antioxidant parameters and decrease the oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats.     

Efficacy of melatonin as protectant against oxidative stress and structural changes in liver tissue in pinealectomized rats

Previous observations demonstrated that physiological levels of melatonin, the pineal secretory product, are important in protecting against oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. We investigated the effects of pinealectomy and administration of exogenous melatonin on liver tissue in rats. Pinealectomized (Px) and sham-operated (non-Px) rats were used. We evaluated structural changes, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Rats were divided into three groups (10 rats in each group): control (non-Px), Px+vehicle and Px+melatonin (4 mg/kg given daily intraperitoneally for 10 days). Liver GSH levels were significantly lower in Px rats than in the control group. Melatonin administration significantly increased GSH levels (p < 0.05). Px caused a significant increase in MDA levels as compared with the control group and melatonin administration to Px rats significantly reduced MDA levels in the liver (p < 0.05). Sinusoidal dilatation to a varying degree developed in all Px rats. Severity of mononuclear cell infiltration and sinusoidal congestion were lower in Px+melatonin group than in the Px group. These findings suggest that a significant increase in oxidative and structural changes occur in rat livers after pinealectomy, which can be diminished by melatonin treatment.     

Protective Effect of Quercetin on Cadmium‐Induced Oxidative Toxicity on Germ Cells in Male Mice

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that is widely distributed in the environment. As a critical process, oxidative toxicity mediates the morphological and functional damages in germ cells after cadmium exposure. In this study, the protective effect of quercetin on cadmium‐induced oxidative toxicity was investigated in mouse testicular germ cells. After oral administration of cadmium chloride at 4 mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks, damages in spermatozoa occurred in the early stage of spermatogenesis. Cadmium treatment significantly decreased the testicular antioxidant system, including decreases in the glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities. Moreover, exposure to cadmium resulted in an increase of hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation in testes. In addition, cadmium provoked germ cell apoptosis by upregulating expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and caspase‐3 and downregulating expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐XL. However, combined administration of a common flavonoid quercetin at 75 mg/kg body weight significantly attenuated cadmium‐induced germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation in testicular tissue. Simultaneous supplementation of quercetin markedly restored the decrease in GSH level and SOD and GSH‐Px activities elicited by cadmium treatment. Additionally, quercetin protected germ cells from cadmium‐induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bax and caspase‐3 and upregulating Bcl‐XL expression. These results indicate that quercetin, due to its antioxidative and antiapoptotic characters, may manifest effective protective action against cadmium‐induced oxidative toxicity in mouse testicular germ cells. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of traditional aqueous extract of Zygophyllum album in streptozotocin diabetic mice

Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate the antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of Zygophyllum album on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice by the administration of STZ (45mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. Aqueous extract of Z. album (100 and 300mg/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage once a day for a period of 15days. The effect of the extract on blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol levels in plasma, and also on enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants of defence systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities, and vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione reductase (GSH) levels in liver and pancreas were studied. Results: Our results showed that Z. album extract reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels in STZ-diabetic mice. It also significantly abolished the increase in MDA level, and GPx, SOD and CAT activities in both liver and pancreas. The levels of GSH, vitamin C and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly augmented in Z. album treated diabetic mice in comparison with control group. Our findings suggest that Z. album aqueous extract prevented the diabetic induced MDA levels via the enhancement of the tissue GSH and blood vitamin C levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that Z. album extract exerts the anti-diabetic and antihypercholesterolemic activities through its antioxidant properties.     

Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle performance in healthy women: role of vitamin E supplementation and endogenous oestradiol

The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and combined antioxidant effects of menstrual cycle phase-related alterations in blood serum oestradiol concentrations and of dietary vitamin E supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle performance. A group of 18 sedentary women, aged 19–35 years, were given supplements of 300 mg α-tocopherol (n=10) or placebo (n=8) daily during the course of two menstrual cycles. The subjects exercised the knee isokinetically to exhaustion after cycling submaximally at 50% maximal oxygen uptake during the menstrual and preovulatory phases of their menstrual cycles. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise, to evaluate haematocrit, plasma lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and apolipoprotein B containing lipoprotein (non-high density lipoprotein, HDL, fraction) oxidation. Serum vitamin E, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations were measured in pre-exercise blood samples. Neither vitamin E supplementation nor oestradiol concentrations influenced SOD and GPx activities or the susceptibility of the non-HDL fraction to oxidation while at rest. Plasma malondialdehyde concentration was unaffected by exercise, however significant reductions in erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities and increased susceptibility of the non-HDL fraction to oxidation were noted after exercise. Exercise-induced changes were reduced when oestradiol concentration was high in the preovulatory phase, independent of the serum vitamin E concentrations. In addition, both pre- (r=0.58, P < 0.05) and post-exercise (r=0.73, P < 0.001) GPx activities in placebo administered subjects were positively correlated with oestradiol concentrations. In conclusion, these findings suggest a better protective role of oestradiol against oxidative injury, compared to vitamin E. Exhausting muscle performance was, however, not influenced by vitamin E supplementation and/or cycle-phase related changes in oestradiol concentrations. Accepted: 18 September 2000     

Iron supplementation in experimental hyperthyroidism: effects on oxidative stress in skeletal muscle tissue

This study was designed to investigate the effects of iron supplementation on the parameters of oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle tissue of hyperthyroidism induced rats. Hyperthyroidism was found to cause an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn SOD) activity, but decreases in the glutathione-peroxidase (GSH Px) activity and glutathione (GSH). Iron supplementation caused an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH. Iron supplementation in hyperthyroid rats attenuated the hyperthyroid state, but lowered the plasma ferritin level, which is considered an indicator of thyroid hormone action. Iron supplementation caused no additional increase in the TBARS in hyperthyroid rats, ameliorated the decrease in GSH content and abolished the induction of Cu, Zn SOD. Our findings suggested no increase, but a decrease, in the risk of oxidative stress in iron supplemented hyperthyroid rats. Whether supplementation of iron would have similar effects in humans should be further investigated in clinical studies.     

Methionine-supplemented diet augments hepatotoxicity and prooxidant status in chronically ethanol-treated rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high methionine (HM) diet may influence the development of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity and prooxidant–antioxidant balance in the liver. Rats received drinking water containing ethanol (20% v/v) and/or methionine supplemented diet (2% w/w) for 75 days. Although prooxidant–antioxidant balance did not change in the liver of rats in HM group, ethanol treatment was observed to increase plasma transaminase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels, but not glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and vitamin C levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities in the liver of rats as compared to controls. However, ethanol plus HM diet caused further increases in plasma transaminase activities and hepatic MDA and PC levels. In addition, SOD, GSH-Px and GST activities were observed to decrease, but GSH, vitamin E and vitamin C levels remained unchanged in the liver as compared to ethanol, HM and control groups. Our results show that HM diet may augment hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver of chronically ethanol-treated rats.     

Antioxidant parameters and ageing in some animal species

Connection between ageing and some tissue antioxidant parameters have been studied in four experiments on different animal species. Prenatal studies on the developing chick embryos showed discrepancies between the lipid-rich liver and brain antioxidant defence. In the liver, high levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamins A and E and high activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found whereas brain expressed a high vitamin C concentration. In newborn healthy calves during the first two days of life, atmospheric oxygen tension did not cause either increased lipid peroxidation as reflected in a high malondialdehyde (MDA) level or any changes in GSII, GPX, SOD and catalase (CAT) activities in red blood cells (RBC). Plasma vitamin E and carotene concentrations also did not change. In growing healthy calves during two months after birth increasing MDA, decreasing GSH, GPX and CAT are leading features, whereas plasma vitamin E and carotene concentrations significantly increased. In young (1-year-old) and old (9-year-old) dogs RBC results showed significant differences with the highest MDA and lowest GSH levels in the old males. Activity of GPX and SOD was higher in old dogs than in the young ones, especially in the females.     

Protective Role of Artemisia Afra Aqueous Extract on Tissue Antioxidant Defense Systems in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Changes in antioxidant capacity in the body as a result of oxidative stress play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. on antioxidant defense systems in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of the extract to diabetic rats for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased body weight. The diabetic animals exhibited decreased levels of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver and kidney, which were restored to near normal levels following treatment with the herb. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation observed in the tissues of diabetic rats were also reverted back to near normalcy after administering the extract. These findings revealed the protective role of A. afra on tissues by reducing oxidative stress which could be attributed to its flavonoids content. The efficacy of the plant compared favourably well with glibenclamide, a standard hypoglycemic drug.     

Effects of Tephrosia Purpurea Aqueous Seed Extract on Blood Glucose and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous seed extract of Tephrosia purpurea (TpASet) on blood glucose and antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia associated with an altered hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, elevated lipid peroxidation, disturbed enzymatic [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and non enzymatic [Glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E] antioxidant status were observed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of “TpASet” at a dose of 600mg/kg body weight showed significant improvement in above mentioned parameters. Our results clearly indicate that “TpASet” has potent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and therefore further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive principles from “TpASet”.     

Erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in patients with coronary atherosclerosis

In recent years it has been reported that free oxygen radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and that antioxidant vitamins such as vitamins E or C prevent their harmful effects. In this study, we evaluated the following: Erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation; the role of erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant; plasma lipid fractions; and the relationship between plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidant vitamin levels. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were measured to determine the levels of plasma lipid peroxides and the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation when erythrocytes were stressed by hydrogen peroxide for 2 h in vitro. Erythrocyte TBARS production was significantly higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis than in the controls. On the other hand, the levels of plasma high-density lipoproteins, vitamin C, vitamin E and erythrocyte GSH were significantly lower, and the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and TBARS were significantly higher in the patients with coronary atherosclerosis than in the controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that erythrocytes from patients with coronary atherosclerosis are more susceptible to oxidation than those of controls and that these patients have lowered antioxidant capacity as revealed by decreased plasma levels of vitamins C and E.     

Caffeic acid phenyl ester prevents cadmium intoxication induced disturbances in erythrocyte indices and blood coagulability,hepatorenal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

Here we investigated the protective role of caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) on erythrocyte indices and osmotic resistance, blood coagulation, hepato-renal function and antioxidant status in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats. Cd intoxication was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, and CAPE was daily given (10 μmol/kg; i.p.) also for 21 days. At day 22, blood samples, livers and kidneys were prepared for screening of: (1) erythrocyte indices: red blood cell (RBC) count, osmotic fragility, hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); (2) blood coagulation tests: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) level; (3) serum levels of liver and kidney function biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen); (4) blood, liver and kidney levels of Cd; and (5) serum and hepato-renal concentrations of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Cd intoxication significantly impaired hepato-renal function, prolonged PT and APTT, reduced FIB, decreased RBC count and osmoresistnacy as well as the values of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Interestingly, therapy with CAPE successfully eliminated Cd and significantly stabilized erythrocyte indices, blood coagulability and hepato-renal functional status in Cd-intoxication. Additionally, CAPE therapy significantly reversed the decreases in GSH and SOD, and the increases in TBARs that were induced by Cd intoxication. In conclusion, CAPE can represent a promising therapeutic agent in eliminating Cd and counteracting its hematological, hemostasis and hepatorenal toxic effects.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress*

The aim of this study was to examine whether extreme endurance stress of trained athletes can influence lipid peroxidation and muscle enzymes. A randomized and placebo-controlled study was carried out on 24 trained long-distance runners who were substituted with α-tocopherol (400 I.U. d^-1) and ascorbic acid (200 mg d^-1) during 4.5 weeks prior to a marathon race. The serum concentrations of retinol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, malondialdehyde (TBARS) and uric acid as well as gluthation peroxidase (GSH Px) and catalase were measured 4.5 weeks before (A), immediately before (B), immediately after (C) and 24 h after (D) the course. After competition (C) TBARS serum concentrations of the athletes (n= 22) decreased in both groups (P < 0.0001). The ascorbic acid serum concentration increased significantly in the supplemented group from (A) to (B) (P < 0.01), from (B) to (C) (P < 0.001) and in the placebo group a significant increase from (B) to (C) (P < 0.01) was observed. The α-tocopherol serum concentration increased significantly in the supplemented group from (A) to (B) (P < 0.001) and from (B) to (C) (P < 0.05). The enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) and catalase measured in erythrocytes as well as the serum selenium levels did not show significant differences at any time. A significant increase of CK concentration was observed from (C) to (D) in the supplemented group (P < 0.01) and in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The increase of CK serum concentration is remarkably lower in the supplemented group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that endurance training coupled with antioxidant vitamin supplementation reduces blood CK increase under exercise stress.     

Lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte superoxide-dismutase activity and trace metals in young male footballers

Physical training is known to induce oxidative stress in individuals subjected to intense exercise. In this study, we investigated plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of 25 young male footballers and a control group of similar age. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) values, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels were also examined. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of all subjects was determined in order to establish their functional capacity. The main finding of the present study was that plasma MDA levels, one of the most commonly used markers of lipid peroxidation, of this group of footballers aged under 21 decreased slightly when compared with those of the control group (p < 0.001). In contrast, erythrocyte SOD activity was higher in the footballer group than in the controls (p < 0.001). Footballers who are under regular training showed an improved antioxidant activity in comparison to sedentary controls. Plasma copper concentration, RBC count and Hb concentration of the footballer group were all significantly lower than those of the control group, (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Investigating the footballers' data with Spearman's correlation analyses, the correlation coefficients (r) between Zn/Cu ratio and SOD was positive (r=0.44; p < 0.05); and between VO2max and SOD (r=0.42; p < 0.05) were both positive. On the basis of statistical analysis, we suggest that regular exercise may be beneficial in cases of oxidative damage by reducing the amount of lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD.     

Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic ITP

The aim of this study was to establish the antioxidant status and oxidative stress in adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Eighty‐four patients diagnosed with chronic ITP were studied. Fifty‐eight age‐matched healthy subjects were selected as controls. Serum nitrogen monoxide ( NO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase(SOD), hydrogen peroxide enzyme (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that serum SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px, GSH, TAS levels were significantly lower in patients with chronic ITP than controls (all P < 0.05), while serum NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS values were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The number of platelet showed a negative correlation with NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS, respectively,while platelet number showed a positive correlation with SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px, GSH, TAS. These findings suggested that oxidants were increased and antioxidants were decreased in patients with chronic ITP, these may be prominent factors in destructing the platelet membrane. The scavenging of oxygen radical provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of ITP patients.     

SOD对实验性糖尿病大鼠血液,肾组织中自由基代谢的影响

本文分别测定对照大鼠，糖尿病大鼠，不同剂量和疗程ＳＯＤ治疗糖尿病大鼠血液，肾组织中总ＳＯＤ，铜锌ＳＯＤ，ＬＰＯ，ＭＤＡ水平。结果发现：糖尿病大鼠血液和肾组织中ＬＰＯ，ＭＤＡ明显高于对照大鼠，总ＳＯＤ，铜锌ＳＯＤ水平则低于对照组，Ｐ〈０．０１。