胰腺癌螺旋CT双期增强的表现

目的 了解螺旋CT胰腺期、门脉期双期增强扫描显示胰腺癌的CT表现。方法 对39例胰腺癌患者行双期增强扫描，扫描延迟时间分别为35秒和65秒，对比剂用量100ml，注射速度3ml／s，观察胰腺癌在双期的增强情况和CT征象。结果 (1)直接征象：胰腺癌表现为病变区胰腺肿大，形成肿块；平扫肿块密度通常呈略低密度、等密度；胰腺期增强扫描：肿瘤主要表现为均匀或不均匀的低密度病灶，边缘呈规则或不规则的环状强化；门脉期：肿瘤和正常胰腺组织间密度差下降。(2)间接征象：伴有肝内胆管(48．7％)、胆总管(61．5％)和胰管(38．5％)不同程度的扩张和胆囊增大(30．8％)，胰周脂肪消失(82．1％)，胰周大血管模糊(51．2％)，胰体、胰尾萎缩(25．6％)以及转移性改变。结论 螺旋CT双期扫描能清晰地显示胰腺癌，有利于胰腺癌的早期诊断。     

64排MDCT在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：分析胰腺癌在64排MDCT的影像特点,提高诊断准确率及胰腺癌的早期发现。方法：收集经病理证实的20例胰腺癌患者,均行64排MDCT平扫、胰期及肝期增强扫描,分析总结影像征象。结果：胰头癌11例,胰体癌4例,胰体尾癌3例,胰尾癌2例。直接征象：胰腺局部肿。平扫表现为：不规则低密度肿块,密度均匀或不均匀,与正常胰腺组织分界不清。胰期强化表现为：无强化2例,低强化16例,环形强化2例。间接征象：（1）胆胰管扩张：胆总管扩张10例,肝内肝管扩张8例,胆总管突然截断征6例,胰管扩张8例,双管征2例。（2）血管受侵或包绕：腹腔干包绕4例,脾血管受侵4例,肠系膜上动脉受侵1例。（3）淋巴结转移5例。（4）胰周脂肪消失9例。（5）远处转移：肝转移3例,腹膜转移2例。结论：充分认识胰腺癌在MDCT的直接、间接征象,提高胰腺癌的诊断水平,有利于胰腺癌的早发现、早诊断,并为临床提供确切的术前评估。     

胰腺癌的CT 诊断

目的 分析胰腺癌的CT 表现,探讨CT 在胰腺癌中的诊断价值.方法 46例均行多层螺旋CT扫描.结果 CT是胰腺癌首选的检查方法.46例中胰头癌36例,胰体癌10例,胰尾癌2例,胰头体部癌6例,胰体尾癌2例;肿瘤直径>3cm 32例,<3cm 24例;CT平扫呈低密度改变26例,等密度6例,水样密度右液化坏死24例.结论 CT是显示胰腺最好的检查方法,了解肿物侵及周围组织器官,且不受肠道气体的影响,对判定肿瘤的可切除性具有重要意义.     

胰腺癌的CT诊断

目的：总结胰腺癌的CT影像表现,提高其诊断准确性。方法：分析经CT诊断9例及手术后病理证实18例胰腺癌的CT表现,所有患者均行CT平扫及螺旋增强双期扫描。结果：病灶位于胰头部17例,钩突部4例,体尾部6例,囊腺癌2例,转移癌2例,CT表现为胰腺实质内不规则肿块,癌肿密度高低不等,增强扫描肿块主要呈乏血供性无明显强化。结论：充分认识胰腺癌的CT影像学特征,有利于提高对胰腺癌的诊断水平。     

联合应用MRCP、CT鉴别诊断胰头癌与胰头炎性肿块

目的：探讨CT双期增强扫描与MRCP技术在鉴别诊断胰头癌和胰头炎性肿块中的价值。方法：回顾47例胰头癌（癌组）与38例胰头炎性肿块（炎组）患者的CT双期增强和MRCP表现,依据CT双期增强和MRCP以及联合应用这两种技术分别读片。肉眼观察在平扫和双期增强扫描肿瘤与正常胰实质的密度对比,并用MRCP显示胰管和胆总管的全貌。与手术、病理结果或临床综合诊断进行对比,分析结果。结果：MRCP显示腔内病变良好,腔外病变不能显示,对胰头癌的敏感率为89.4%,对胰头炎性肿块为81.6%。CT双期增强扫描能显示腔内、外病变,但不能整体显示胰胆管系统,对胰头癌的敏感率为76.6%,对胰头炎性肿块为82.2%。联合应用CT双期增强扫描与MRCP检查方法,相互补充较单一使用MRCP或CT双期增强诊断敏感率高（P〈00.1）。对胰头癌的敏感率为95.7%,对胰头炎性肿块为92.1%。结论：CT双期增强扫描和MRCP技术联合运用,是一项对胰头癌和胰头炎性肿块进行鉴别诊断的准确有效的方法。     

CT检查对胰头癌和胰头部炎性肿块的应用与分析

目的分析研究胰头癌和胰头部炎性肿块在CT检查中的影像特点,提高二者的鉴别诊断能力。方法对病理证实的21例胰头癌和25例胰头部炎性肿块患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果胰头癌和胰头部炎性肿块主要CT征象为：胰头癌增强扫描动脉期病灶呈低、等密度15例（71.42%）,胰头部炎性肿块4例（16%）;胰头癌静脉期、延迟期逐渐强化6例（28.58%）,胰头部炎性肿块19例（74.50%）;胰头癌胰、胆管扩张14例（66.6%）,胰头部炎性肿块5例（20%）;胰头癌胆总管下段截断扩张13例（61.9%）,胰头部炎性肿块0例;胰头癌周围脂肪消失、大血管包埋、侵袭、腹膜后淋巴结肿大和肝转移13例（61.9%）,胰头部炎性肿块0例。结论 CT检查对胰头癌和胰头部炎性肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

胰头部炎性肿块与胰头癌的CT分析与鉴别

目的：分析胰头部炎性肿块与胰头癌的CT表现和鉴别要点,提高二者的鉴别诊断能力。方法：对临床、手术、病理证实后44例胰头部炎性肿块与36例胰头癌的CT资料进行回顾性分析,病例均有平扫和增强扫描。层后、间距均为5 mm。结果：胰头部炎性肿块和胰头癌主要CT征象分别为,增强扫描动脉期病灶呈低、等密度分别为6例（13.6%）,25例（69.4%）;静脉期、延迟期逐渐强化分别为38例（86.3%）,11例（30.6%）。胰、胆管扩张分别为18例（18%）,24例（66.6%）;胆总管下段截断扩张分别为0例,21例（58%）;周围脂肪消失、大血管包埋、侵袭、腹膜后淋巴结肿大分别为0例,18例（50%）。结论：胰头癌少血管供应和围管性浸润是其与胰头部炎性肿块CT鉴别的重要依据。     

32例胰腺癌CT诊断分析

根据我院32例经CT检查,有临床、手术或病理材料证实的胰腺癌的CT资料分析报道如下。本组32例中,男23例,女9例,年龄44～80岁。临床表现有黄疸,上腹不适、疼痛、纳差、体重下降等。30例有平扫及增强扫描,2例仅作了平扫。胰头癌20例,胰体癌4例、胰尾癌4例,体尾癌3     

胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现特点，旨在提高对本病的诊断。方法回顾性分析28例胰腺癌的临床及多层螺旋CT的资料。找出其特点。结果28例中胰头癌18例，胰体癌5例，胰尾癌1例，胰头体部癌3例，胰体尾癌1例；肿瘤直径〉3cm 16例，〈3cm 12例；ET平扫呈低密度改变13例，等密度3例，水样密度右液化坏死12例。增强扫描均有不均匀性强化；另有胰周脂肪层消失24例；肝内外胆管扩张23例，合并胰管扩张20例；腔静脉、门静脉、肠系膜上动脉、腹主动脉及分支受累等18例；腹腔淋巴结肿大9例。结论多层螺旋CT扫描检查诊断胰腺癌是一种无创性方法，是临床诊断、治疗和评估预后最常用、最准确的影像学方法之一。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤（ SPTP）的CT征象,提高对本病的诊断。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的8例SPTP患者的CT资料,其中女6例,男2例;年龄15～58岁,平均（27.2±13.1）岁。8例患者术前均行螺旋CT胰腺平扫与增强扫描。结果8例SPTP均表现为孤立肿物,其中6例位于胰头,2例位于胰体。8例肿块均呈类圆形或卵圆形,肿瘤全部由实性和囊性成分构成,以实性组织为主者1例,囊、实结构比例相近7例。结论胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤CT表现有一定的特征,CT检查对其诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.