幼兔眼改良穿透性角膜移植术的屈光学评价

目的：为减轻新生儿供体穿透性角膜移植术后的高度近视，对植片直径的计算机和植床制做方法进行了改良。（２）方法：对２５只家兔施行了幼兔供体角膜改良穿透性角膜移植术后的高度近改良方法包括根据几何运算推导出植片直径计算的矫正公式及大桥状穿透性角膜移植术式，（３）结果：实验组术后１８０ｄ时平均角膜屈光度为４９．１１±４．７２Ｄ而对照组（ｎ＝２５）为６０Ｄ，（４）结论该方法可以减轻以新生儿体角膜行穿透性角膜植     

幼兔眼改良穿透性角膜移植术后的组织学变化

①目的了解幼兔眼改良穿透性角膜移植术后角膜的组织学变化，为临床应用提供依据。②方法对２５只家兔施行了幼兔供体的部分穿透性角膜移植术。实验组２５眼采用矫正植片直径计算及大桥状瓣植床制做方法，对照组２５眼施行常规穿透性角膜移植术。术后１８０ｄ行角膜内皮细胞检查及光镜组织学检查。③结果实验组植片与大桥状瓣植床愈合良好，内皮细胞连续覆盖了切口，对照组存在植片Ｄｅｓｃｅｍｅｔ膜收缩现象。④结论该改良手术方法可起到加强植片抗张力及防止Ｄｅｓｃｅｍｅｔ膜收缩作用，从而能防止新生儿供体角膜穿透性角膜移植术后的高度近视。     

幼兔眼改良穿透性角膜移植术后的组织学变化

目的了解幼兔眼改良穿透性角膜移植术后角膜的组织学变化，为临床应用提供依据。方法对２５只家兔施行了幼兔供体的部分穿透性角膜移植术，实验组２５眼采用矫正植片直径计算及大桥状瓣植床制做方法，对照组２５眼施行常规穿透性角膜移植术。结果实验组植片与大桥状瓣植床愈合良好，内皮细胞连续覆盖了切口，对照组存在植片Ｄｅｓｃｅｍｅｔ膜收缩现象。结论该改良手术方法可起到加强植片抗张力及防止Ｄｅｓｃｅｍｅｔ膜收缩作用，从     

穿透性角膜移植后角膜厚度的变化及其意义

穿透性角膜移植后内皮功能障碍引起的角膜水肿是移植反应的常见征象,但很少有人用超声测厚仪直接测定角膜厚度〔1～3〕。为了解穿透性角膜移植后角膜厚度的变化及其与移植结果之间的关系,我们对1994年9月至1996年2月在我院治疗的30例穿透性角膜移植患者的角膜厚度进行了动态观察,现将结果报告如下。1　对象和方法　　男21例,女9例,年龄12～71(平均38.9)岁。角膜材料在供体死后立即取下,并置4℃环境中保存,12h内使用。手术由技术熟练者操作,根据患者情况取最小直径角膜植片行单纯穿透性角膜移植术。术后常规给予抗生素和地塞米松。出院后局部…     

穿透性角膜移植术植片内皮细胞活性标准的研究报告

穿透性角膜移植术时,供体角膜内皮细胞是否具有良好的活性,是决定术后能否获得透明愈合并保持其持久透明的关键因素之一,因此,术前对供体植片内皮细胞的活性评价,是眼库的一项重要技术。目前,对供体角膜内皮细胞活性的评价检查方法有;     

大植片穿透角膜移植术

目的 探讨穿透性大植片角膜移植治疗角膜大病灶的手术的安全性和有效性。方法 采用〉９ｍｍ直径的角膜移植片行角膜移植术治疗角膜病１１例（１１只眼）,并与６～７ｍｍ直径角膜移植组１５例（１５眼）进行对照。结果 两组角膜透明率均为１００％;裸眼视力≥０．５者大植片组有８组（占７２．７％）,小植片组有５眼（占３３．３％）,大植片组视力恢复优于小植片组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。术后１２个月角膜散光的发生率大植片组较小植片组低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。大角膜植片并不增加排斥反应的治疗难度。结论 治疗角膜病变范围较大的角膜病患者,采用〉９ｍｍ直径的角膜植片行角移植的手术方法是安全可行的。     

大植片穿透角膜移植术

目的　探讨穿透性大植片角膜移植治疗角膜大病灶的手术的安全性和有效性。　方法　采用 >9mm直径的角膜移植片行角膜移植术治疗角膜病 1 1例 ( 1 1只眼 ) ,并与 6～ 7mm直径角膜移植组 1 5例( 1 5眼 )进行对照。　结果　两组角膜透明率均为 1 0 0 % ;裸眼视力≥ 0 .5者大植片组有 8眼 (占72 .7% ) ,小植片组有 5眼 (占 3 3 .3 % ) ,大植片组视力恢复优于小植片组 (P <0 .0 5)。术后 1 2个月角膜散光的发生率大植片组较小植片组低 (P <0 .0 5)。大角膜植片并不增加排斥反应的治疗难度。　结论　治疗角膜病变范围较大的角膜病患者 ,采用 >9mm直径的角膜植片行角膜移植的手术方法是安全可行的。     

高海拔地区角膜移植术的临床免疫反应

本文报导了40例高原地区角膜移植术发生免疫反应的情况。40例中部分穿透性角膜移植25例,板层角膜移植15例。我们把术后角膜水肿;较多的新生血管向植片生长;植片上皮有小水泡或线状混浊;移植片有后膜形成等认为是兔疫反应的表现。25例穿透性角膜移植中19例(76%)出现免疫反应。板层角膜移植的15例中,6例出现兔疫反应。穿透性角膜移植的透明愈合为18例(72%),半透明愈合5例(20%),角膜混浊2例(8%)。板层角膜移植透明愈合9例(60%)。     

穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应高危因素分析

目的 分析穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的高危因素。寻找角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的有效防治方法。方法 对穿透性角膜移植术后发生免疲排斥反应的31例，从角膜盲原因、植床新生血管程度、合并症、移植片直径、联合手术等5大高危因素进行回顾性分析。结果 血管化角膜、大植片移植、植床术前的活动性炎症、偏中心移植、多次移植、联合手术等应视为穿透性角膜移植术后免疲排斥反应的高危因素，而移植片上皮反复脱落、眼压高、旧病复发、术眼再次手术、缝线松解与拆线等可能是诱导排斥反应发生的促发因素。结论 尽量减轻角膜血管化，掌握适当的手术时机，强调病人的及时复诊和治疗，术后坚持局部使用免疲抑制剂半年，排斥发生时及时足量地全身及局部使用激素和免疲抑制剂，均可以在一定程度上帮助控制免疲排斥反应。     

DCD角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞的变化

目的 探讨心脏死亡供体器官捐献 (donation after cardiac death, DCD) 来源角膜植片行穿透性角膜移植后角膜内皮细胞变异情况.方法 用角膜内皮显微镜对心脏死亡供体来源角膜植片行穿透性角膜移植191例眼术后角膜植片分别于术后14周;512周;46月;712月行角膜内皮镜检查.结果 (1) 191例患者中有48例患者角膜内皮镜检出, 143例患者角膜内皮镜无法检出, 检出率占25%; (2) 48例患者术后14周、23月、46月及712月的内皮细胞细胞密度 (2271.15±321.47) 个/mm2、 (1971.33±358.18) 个/mm2、 (1826.59±303.92) 个/mm2、及 (1753.14±306.31) 个/mm2.平均细胞面积由术前的 (388.45±95.26) μm增加到术后712月的 (638.63±124.73) , 细胞大小变异系数 (cv值) 由30.15%增加到65.04%, 六角形细胞比例由 (52.59±7.26) %下降到 (40.01±11.35) %.结论 (1) 角膜内皮镜检查对于早期角膜移植术后患者内皮细胞识别率较低, 敏感度差, 角膜移植术后早期内皮镜无法测出结果时可选择共焦显微镜评价观察角膜内皮细胞的变化; (2) 穿透性角膜移植术后供眼角膜内皮细胞密度逐渐减少, 六角形细胞比例渐变小平均细胞面积和cv值均渐增大. (3) DCD角膜移植术后1 a, 尤其是术后3月应加强术后随访, 当发现有早期排斥反应的征象时, 及时进行抗排斥治疗对于减少早期排斥反应尤为重要.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.