精神分裂症患者血浆IL-6、IL-10水平与攻击行为的相关性

目的 探讨血浆炎性标志物与精神分裂症患者攻击行为的关系。方法 纳入精神分裂症 患者50 例，同时纳入年龄、性别匹配的健康对照40 名。使用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及修订版外 显攻击行为量表（MOAS）对患者的精神病性症状和攻击行为进行评估。采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA） 检测受试者血浆IL-6、IL-10 水平。比较精神分裂症患者和健康对照血浆炎性标志物的水平，分析炎 性标志物与攻击行为的相关性。结果 精神分裂症患者血浆IL-6 水平和IL-6/IL-10 比值高于健康对照 （P＜ 0.01），IL-10 水平低于健康对照（P＜ 0.01）。有攻击行为的患者血浆IL-6 和IL-6/IL-10 比值明显高于 无攻击行为的患者（P ＜ 0.05）。精神分裂症患者血浆IL-6 水平与MOAS 总分及体力攻击分量表得分呈 正相关（r=0.363、0.309，P＜ 0.05），IL-10 水平与对财物的攻击分量表得分呈负相关（r=-0.281，P=0.048）， IL-6/IL-10 比值与MOAS 总分、对财物的攻击分量表得分及体力攻击分量表得分呈正相关（r=0.523、 0.421、0.303；P＜ 0.05）。结论 精神分裂症和攻击行为与免疫炎性反应失衡有关，IL-6、IL-10 及比值可 能成为精神分裂症和攻击行为潜在的生物学标志物。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者血浆相关细胞因子的对照研究

目的：探讨首发Ⅰ型(以阳性症状为主)、Ⅱ型(以阴性症状为主)精神分裂症患者血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)、可溶性白细胞介素6受体(sIL-6R)及白细胞介素13(IL-13)水平的变化。方法：精神分裂症患者30例，其中Ⅰ型组17例，Ⅱ型组10例，混合型3例；健康对照者28名。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELSLA)对血浆IL-6、sIL-6R及IL-13水平进行检测。结果：精神分裂症患者血浆IL-6及sIL-6R水平均显著高于对照组，而血浆IL-13水平显著低于对照组；Ⅱ型组患者的IL-6及sIL-6R水平均比Ⅰ型组高，其中Ⅱ型组患者IL-6显著高于Ⅰ型组，Ⅱ型组患者血浆IL-13水平显著低于Ⅰ型组；未发现患者组及对照组血浆IL-6、sIL-6R及IL-13之间的相关性。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者均存在IL-6、IL-13水平异常，血浆IL-6水平升高、IL-13水平降低可能是Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的特征性免疫学指标之一。     

精神分裂症患者血清β2微球蛋白、神经营养因子、白细胞介素-6水平及其与临床症状的关系

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者血清β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、神经营养因子(NT-3)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平与临床症状的关系。方法:92例精神分裂症患者(患者组)以阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估分为阳性组(n=49)和阴性组(n=43);分别进行血清β2-MG、NT-3、IL-6水平检测;结果与90名健康体检者(对照组)比较;分析血清β2-MG、NT-3、IL-6水平与PANSS评分的相关性。结果:患者组血清β2-MG、 IL-6水平明显高于对照组,NT-3水平明显低于对照组(P均0.05);阳性组血清β2-MG水平明显高于阴性组,IL-6水平明显低于阴性组(P均0.01)。阳性组、阴性组的血清β2-MG水平与PANSS评分呈正相关(r=0.35,r=0.42;P均0.05);阴性组血清β2-MG水平与阴性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.39,P0.05);阳性组中血清NT-3水平与兴奋评分、抑郁评分呈正相关(r=0.39,r=0.32,P均0.05)。结论:首发精神分裂症患者存在中枢神经免疫异常及神经营养不良;以阴性症状为主的患者中枢神经免疫异常更明显;血清β2-MG、NT-3、IL-6水平与患者症状具有相关性。     

是否家族性精神分裂症患者白介素6比较

目的：比较家庭性精神分裂症（FS）与散发性精神分裂症（SS）患者血浆白介素6（IL－6）水平差异，探讨其在发病机制中的作用。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对FS患者28例，SS患者47例、FS患者的一级亲属15例及29名正常人的血浆IL－6水平进行检测；用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定患者的精神症状及严重程度。结果：FS患者组血浆IL－6水平明显地SS患者组和正常对照组，而与FS患者的一级亲属组的IL－6水平差异无显著性；其IL－6水平与患者的阴性症状分呈正相关，与阳性症状分呈负相关，与疾病的严重程度无明显相关。SS患者组血浆IL－6水平低于FS患者的一级亲属组。结论：FS患者存在血浆IL－6介导的免疫功能异常，IL－6水平升高可能存在家族聚集性，且FS患者IL－6水平与其精神症状特征有关。     

精神分裂症患者血浆白介素6、10、12水平研究

目的　探讨白介素 (IL) 6、1 0、1 2在精神分裂症的病因与发病机制中的作用。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELSIA)检测 57例精神分裂症和 2 9名健康对照的血浆IL 6、IL 1 0、IL 1 2水平。结果　精神分裂症患者组血浆IL 1 2水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,而IL 6、IL 1 0水平两组间无显著性差异 ;女性患者的血浆IL 1 0水平明显低于女性对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,其IL 1 2则高于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ;Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的血浆IL 6水平明显高于Ⅰ型(P <0 0 5) ,家族性亚型患者的IL 6水平明显高于散发性亚型 (P <0 0 1 ) ;患者组IL 6与IL 1 0呈正相关 (P <0 0 0 1 )。结论　精神分裂症患者存在IL 1 2介导的免疫功能异常 ,血浆IL 6水平升高可能是其某些临床亚型的特征性免疫学指标之一 ,细胞因子间的相互关系在精神病理状态下可能发生改变     

稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆白介素-1β 水平及其与症状关系

目的:探讨稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平及其与临床症状的关系。方法:纳入稳定期精神分裂症患者75例(患者组)和健康对照者40名(对照组),采用流式多重蛋白分析技术检测血浆炎症因子IL-1β的浓度,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者临床症状。结果:患者组IL-1β水平[(2.10±0.59)pg/ml]较对照组[(1.90±0.28)pg/ml]高(P0.05);不同性别、是否吸烟、是否有精神疾病家族史患者之间血浆IL-1β水平差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);患者组血浆IL-1β水平与性别、年龄、受教育年限、首次发病年龄、首次住院年龄、总病程、用药剂量(折合氯丙嗪等效剂量)无相关(P均0.05)。患者组血浆IL-1β水平与PANSS中反应缺乏因子(r=-0.24,P=0.05)、偏执性因子(r=-0.36,P=0.00)、激活因子(r=-0.29,P=0.02)呈负相关。结论:稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆IL-1β浓度高于健康对照者,其与临床症状严重程度存在一定联系。     

阿托伐他汀钙对急性脑梗死患者血清IL-6和IL-10的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀钙对急性脑梗死后血浆IL-6和IL-10的影响作用,探讨其抗炎作用机制.方法 选择发病12h内住院的急性脑梗死患者84例,随机分为两组:A组,n=42例,每日口服阿托伐他汀钙20mg,连续14d;B组42例,不服他汀类药物,两组病例均应用抗血小板和改善脑血循环药物等治疗.于治疗前,治疗后3d,治疗后7d检测两组患者血浆IL-6和IL-10的水平变化,并比较两组治疗前后神经缺损功能(ESS)的变化.另选同期健康查体正常人16例为正常对照组(C组).结果 急性脑梗死患者血浆IL-6和IL-10发病12h内与正常对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),发病3d后IL-6显著升高,IL-10显著下降(P<0.05);A组和B组治疗前IL-6、IL-10无差异(P>0.05),治疗3d后A组IL-6较B组明显下降,而治疗7d后A组IL-10较B组升高(P<0.05).此外,治疗7d后A组ESS评分较B组显著升高(P<0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀钙可降低急性脑梗死患者血浆IL-6而升高血浆IL-10水平,具有减轻炎症反应的神经保护作用.     

氯氮平、利培酮对精神分裂症患者白细胞介素-2的影响

目的 了解氯氮平、利培酮对首发精神分裂症偏执型患者血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的影响,并探讨IL-2与精神病理的关系。方法 对58例首发精神分裂症偏执型患者给予氯氮平或利培酮治疗,分别在治疗前和治疗后第4、8周末、6月末用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-2水平,并用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神症状及其变化。结果 两组患者治疗后第4、8周末血清IL-2水平均显著低于治疗前;不同药物对IL-2影响差异无显著性;治疗前IL-2水平与SPANSS总分、阳性症状分呈显著正相关;治疗后8周末血清IL-2减分值与阳性症状减分值呈显著正相关;利培酮组患者治疗后第8周末血清IL-2减分值与利培酮日量呈显著相关。结论 氯氮平和利培酮有相似的免疫抑制作用,血清IL-2与精神分裂症精神病理之间有一定的关系。     

首发精神分裂症脑脊液和血清细胞因子水平及其与临床特征的关系

目的检测首发精神分裂症患者脑脊液和血清细胞因子水平,探讨其与临床特征的关系。方法纳入42例首发未用药的精神分裂症患者,采用放射免疫法测定患者脑脊液和血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的浓度,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定其精神症状,脑脊液对照组为10例外科手术患者,血清对照组为试剂盒提供正常的健康者血清细胞因子浓度。结果患者组脑脊液和血清IL-2和TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脑脊液IL-6水平高于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL-6与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者组脑脊液和血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α水平与年龄、体重、病程、PANSS总分及其分量表分等的相关均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而血清TNF-α水平与发病年龄呈正相关(r=0.37,P<0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者中枢和外周均存在细胞免疫障碍,但未发现其与临床症状相关,血清TNF-α水平与精神分裂症早期发病可能密切相关。     

利培酮和氯氮平治疗儿童首发精神分裂症患者血清IL-10变化的研究

目的了解氯氮平和利培酮对儿童精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的影响,并探讨IL-10与精神病理之间的关系。方法115例儿童首发精神分裂症患者随机分为利培酮(59例)和氯氮平(56例)治疗组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两患者组治疗前后和正常对照组(50例)血清IL-10水平,对同一药物治疗前后、不同药物治疗组之间、患者组及对照组之间进行IL-10水平比较;同时采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估患者精神症状及其变化,分析IL-10与精神症状的相关性。结果①氯氮平和利培酮组患者治疗前及治疗后6个月末IL-10水平与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后8周末IL-10水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.01);氯氮平组患者治疗后4周末IL-10水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);②两治疗组患者治疗后4、8周及6月末IL-10水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05,P<0.01);③在治疗前及治疗后各时段,两治疗组之间IL-10水平比较均无显著差异(P>0.05);④氯氮平组患者,治疗后6月末IL-10水平与PANSS总分呈正相关(P<0.05),治疗后8周末IL-10变化率与阳性症状分减分率及总分减分率呈正相关(P<0.05);⑤氯氮平组患者治疗后8周末血清IL-10变化率与8周末的氯氮平日剂量呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论利培酮和氯氮平对儿童精神分裂症患者血清IL-10均有抑制作用,两种药物对患儿IL-10水平的影响基本一致;儿童首发精神分裂症患者血清IL-10水平与精神病理之间可能有一定关系。     

Elevated interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 serum levels in neuroleptic-free schizophrenia: association with psychopathology

Cytokines have been one of the recent focal points of immunological research in schizophrenia. The present study was to assess the serum levels of some of interleukins in schizophrenia and their relationships with the psychopathological parameters. Seventy physically healthy Chinese patients, who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia and who were drug-free for at least 2 weeks, were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched Chinese normal controls. The psychopathology of schizophrenia was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum IL-2 level was assayed by radioimmunometric assay (RIA). Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in patients with a chronic form of schizophrenia (all p<0.05). There was a significant inverse relationship between IL-2 level and the PANSS positive subscale P (r=-0.31, p=0.006) and a significant positive correlation between IL-8 level and PANSS negative subscale N (r=0.25, p=0.036) in schizophrenic patients. In control subjects, a significant and positive relationship between serum IL-2 and IL-6 (r=0.513, p=0.004) was noted, whereas, there was a significant and negative relationship between IL-2 and IL-8 in schizophrenic patients (r=-0.28, p=0.02). Our data confirms and supports the view that immune disturbance is involved in schizophrenia, which is compatible with the possibility that Chinese schizophrenic patients have an ongoing autoimmune process. This immune disturbance is related to the subgroup of schizophrenic patients with characteristic clinical variables. The dysfunction of interaction or inter-adjustment between different cytokines may exist in schizophrenic patients.     

Association of plasma IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor levels with the Asp358Ala polymorphism of the IL-6 receptor gene in schizophrenic patients

Recent studies indicate a role of excessive interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. A previous study reported a significant association of schizophrenia with the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene Asp358Ala polymorphism, which is known to regulate circulating IL-6 and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) levels in healthy subjects. To further examine the influence of the polymorphism in schizophrenic patients, we compared the plasma levels of IL-6 and sIL-6R between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls for each genotype of the Asp358Ala polymorphism. Asp358Ala genotyping and plasma IL-6 level measurements were performed in 104 patients with schizophrenia and 112 healthy controls. Of these participants, 53 schizophrenic patients and 49 controls were selected for the measurement of plasma sIL-6R levels. A two-way factorial analysis of covariance was performed with the transformed plasma levels as the dependent variable, diagnosis and genotype as independent variables, and sex and age as covariates. No significant diagnosis × genotype interaction was observed for IL-6 and sIL-6R levels. The Ala allele of Asp358Ala was significantly associated with higher levels of both IL-6 and sIL-6R. IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in schizophrenic patients compared to those in controls, whereas no significant difference in sIL-6R levels was observed between schizophrenic patients and controls. Our findings suggest that the presence of schizophrenia is associated with elevated IL-6 levels, whereas sIL-6R levels are mainly predetermined by the Asp358Ala genotype and are not associated with the disease status. Increased IL-6 levels without alterations in sIL-6R levels may result in excessive IL-6 signaling in schizophrenia.     

Interleukin-6-(IL-6) plasma levels in depression and schizophrenia: comparison between the acute state and after remission

The concentration of cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to be elevated in depressed and schizophrenic patients and, in healthy persons, upon stress. Interleukin-6 plasma levels were determined in depressed (n = 12) and schizophrenic (n = 32) patients during the acute state of illness and after remission at approximately 8 weeks after admission and were compared with healthy controls (n = 12). Patients were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R by the Structured Clinical Interview (SLID). Severity of illness was assessed for depression by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and for schizophrenia by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Interleukin-6 plasma concentrations were elevated during the acute state either of depression or of schizophrenia if compared to controls. After remission, IL-6 concentrations in depressed and in schizophrenic patients had decreased and did not differ significantly from controls. We hypothesize that the elevated IL-6 levels during the acute state of depression or schizophrenia may reflect an unspecific stress response.     

首发精神分裂症患者利培酮治疗前后血浆瘦素和白细胞介素-6的研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者利培酮治疗前后血浆瘦素和白细胞介素-6(IL6)水平的变化及意义。方法患者组为65例首发的精神分裂症患者,利培酮治疗前和治疗8周后分别测量身高、体重以计算体质量指数,用放射免疫方法检测其空腹血浆瘦素和IL6。选取52名健康人作为对照组进行比较。结果治疗后患者组体质量指数、血浆瘦素水平均明显上升,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P均小于0.05);患者组血浆IL6水平在治疗前与对照组相比明显增高,治疗后明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P均小于0.05);治疗前后血浆瘦素的差值和IL6的差值呈负相关(r=-0.388,P<0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者血浆IL6水平高于对照组,服用利培酮治疗容易出现药源性肥胖,增高的IL6水平可能是瘦素抵抗的原因之一;过高的瘦素水平与IL6之间可能存在负反馈。     

精神分裂症偏执型患者血浆及脑脊液白细胞介素2,6及免疫球蛋白G水平的研究

目的　探讨首发精神分裂症偏执型患者血浆及脑脊液中白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、IL 6、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)水平的变化 ,及其与精神病理之间的关系。方法　患者组为 30例未用过抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症偏执型患者 ,对照组为 2 0例无精神疾患的轻微脑外伤患者 ,以阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定精神分裂症患者的精神症状 ,用酶联免疫吸附法检测IL 2、IL 6 ,用速率散射比浊法检测IgG。 结果　 (1)患者组血浆及脑脊液IL 2、IL 6和IgG均高于对照组 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 )。(2 )在患者组中 ,血浆IL 6与血浆IgG(r =0 6 90 )和脑脊液IL 6 (r =0 4 2 5 )呈正相关 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ,血浆IgG与脑脊液IgG呈正相关 (r =0 4 0 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;脑脊液IL 6与脑脊液IgG呈正相关 (r =0 5 10 ,P <0 0 5 )。在对照组中 ,血浆IL 2与血浆IL 6 (r =0 5 0 4 ,P <0 0 5 )和IgG (r =0 74 0 ,P <0 0 1)呈正相关 ,血浆IL 6与血浆IgG(r=0 6 75 ,P <0 0 1)和脑脊液IL 6 (r =0 6 33,P <0 0 1)呈正相关 ,血浆IgG与脑脊液IgG(r =0 6 19,P <0 0 5 )呈正相关。 (3)血浆IL 2与P因子分呈正相关 (r =0 6 4 5 ,P =0 0 0 )。结论　首发精神分裂症偏执型患者处于免疫激活状态 ,IL 2、IL 6、IgG与精神病理之间存在一定的     

Association between promoter polymorphic haplotypes of interleukin-10 gene and schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, with a worldwide incidence of 1%. Several reports show abnormal cytokine levels in psychotic patients and indicate a possible role of the immune response system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Increased concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) have been found in plasma of schizophrenic patients, suggesting its potential role as a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia. IL-10 gene maps on chromosome 1 (q31-q32), a locus associated with genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. Three functional haplotypes of the gene (GCC, ACC, ATA) have been described, derived from different combinations of three "single nucleotide polymorphisms" and directly related to the expression levels of the protein. METHODS: We analyzed allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions in an association case-control study involving 106 schizophrenic patients and 143 unrelated healthy volunteers using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism and PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism methods. RESULTS: Our results show a significant increase of GCC homozygotes (the high IL-10-producing haplotype) in schizophrenic patients compared to control subjects (chi(2) = 13, p =.023; odds ratio = 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.274-7.355). CONCLUSIONS: These data could partly explain the abnormal secretion of IL-10 occurring in schizophrenic patients in response to infections or different stressors and suggest a potential role of IL-10 as a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia.     

Abnormalities in serum concentrations of interleukin-2, interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma in schizophrenia not detected.

The hypothesis of an immunological defect in schizophrenia has been supported by reports on abnormal production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferons (IFNs) in schizophrenic patients. In the present study we determined the serum concentrations of IL-2, IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in 10 first onset, neuroleptic-naive schizophrenics, in 6 pretreated patients who were drug free (1 week to 2 years) at the time of the investigation and in 15 matched healthy controls. No IFN-alpha was detected in schizophrenics' and in control sera. No differences were found in IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels between schizophrenics and controls. Thus the present study failed to support the hypothesis of an immunological abnormality in schizophrenia on the basis of the determination of IL-2 and IFNs serum levels.     

Elevated interleukin-6 in schizophrenia

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels have been shown to be increased in a number of autoimmune disorders and have recently been shown to be elevated in the serum of schizophrenic patients. Given the involvement of the CNS in schizophrenia, levels of interleukin-6 in the CSF are also of interest. Thus, we examined levels of both CSF and serum IL-6 concomitantly to determine if these levels were different from control values. In addition, we examined these measures in patients both on and off antipsychotic drugs to determine if any medication or exacerbation effects may account for the difference from controls. CSF IL-6 was measured by ELISA in 61 drug-free male schizophrenic (DSM-IIIR) patients and 25 well-screened healthy male control subjects. Serum IL-6 was measured in 43 of the 61 patients, and in 16 control subjects. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the schizophrenic patients compared to control subjects. CSF IL-6 was also higher in the patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. Paired data showed no medication or exacerbation effects on CSF IL-6, but plasma IL-6 significantly decreased in patients that experienced an exacerbation after medication withdrawal. The results indicate that IL-6 levels may be altered in schizophrenia. The relative decrease in exacerbated patients following haloperidol withdrawal may be indicative of a compensatory response of plasma IL-6 levels to relapse.     

氯氮平对精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素6的影响

目的：探讨女性首发精神分裂症患者氯氮平治疗前后血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)变化及其与氯氮平血药浓度的关系。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法测定20例精神分裂症患者治疗前及治疗第1、2、4周血清IL-6，同时用高效液相色谱法测定血清氯氮平浓度，以20名女性健康者血清IL-6作对照，用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定治疗前与治疗第4周患者的精神症状。结果：患者组治疗前血清IL-6显著高于正常对照组，治疗第1、2、4周IL-6显著低于对照组；患者组治疗后各时点IL-6与氯氮平血清浓度无显著相关；氯氮平治疗4周后，PANSS减分率与IL-6减分率无显著相关。结论：女性首发精神分裂症患者IL-6水平与健康女性差异显著，氯氮平可显著降低女性精神分裂症患者IL-6水平，精神分裂症症状改善与IL-6变化无显著相关。