小儿血尿328例临床分析

本文分析小儿血尿328例,以学龄期最多(62.80％),学龄前期次之(30.18％),婴幼儿期最少(7.01％)。病种以急性肾炎最多(60.67％);其次为泌尿系结石(7.32％),肾炎性肾病(7.01％);再其次为迁延性肾炎(4.27％)、紫癜性肾炎(3.96％)、病毒性肾炎(2.74％)。并对血尿与年龄、季节、性别的关系,鉴别诊断,治疗等进行了讨论。     

绵阳地区成人肾小球疾病127例临床病理分析

目的了解绵阳地区成人肾小球疾病的病理类型及其特点。方法回顾我院2008年1月～2011年8月经肾活检确诊的127例成人肾小球疾病患者的临床资料,分析其年龄性别分布、肾病理类型及其与临床表现的关系。结果127例成人肾小球疾病患者,原发性肾小球疾病95例(74.80%),男∶女=1∶1.88;继发性肾小球疾病32例(25.20%),男∶女=1∶1.13。成人原发性肾小球肾炎病理类型主要为IgA肾病,其它有肾小球微小病变、膜性肾病和系膜增生性肾小球肾炎等。成人继发性肾小球肾炎病理类型主要为狼疮性肾炎,其它有过敏性紫癜肾炎、乙型肝炎相关性肾炎、系统性血管炎和肾淀粉样变等。原发性肾小球疾病临床表现蛋白尿和(或)血尿占30.71%,肾病综合征占50.39%,急性肾炎综合征占7.87%,急性肾衰竭占11.02%。结论经肾活检肾脏疾病在绵阳地区以青壮年多见,本地区最常见的肾小球疾病为原发性肾小球肾炎,女性多发,其中IgA肾病是最多见的病理类型。成人继发性肾小球肾炎病理类型以狼疮性肾炎最常见。肾小球疾病每种病理类型可有多种临床表现,而每种临床表现亦可有多种病理类型。     

353例小儿肾小球疾病的病理及临床分布特点

目的：了解小儿肾小球疾病病理与临床分布特点。方法收集353例肾活检患儿资料进行回顾性分析。结果353例患儿中诊断为紫癜性肾炎117例（33.1%）,孤立性血尿94例（26.6%）,原发性肾病综合征87例（24.6%）,急性肾炎综合征23例（6.5%）,其次还有乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、孤立性蛋白尿、慢性肾炎等。肾小球疾病中以原发性肾小球疾病最为常见（206例,占58.4%）,病理改变主要为：系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）66例,占32.0%;IgA 肾病（IgA N）54例,占26.2%;轻微病变37例,占18.0%;其他还包括微小病变（MCD）、膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MPGN）、膜性肾病（MN）、毛细血管增生性肾小球肾炎等。继发性肾小球疾病以紫癜性肾炎最常见。结论肾小球疾病以原发性肾小球疾病为主,临床诊断以孤立性血尿最常见,继发性肾炎以紫癜性肾炎最常见。     

昆明地区157例肾脏疾病患者的病理与临床表现

目的 探讨昆明地区肾活检患者的病理类型与临床表现的相互关系.方法 回顾分析2008年1月～2010年1月间因肾脏疾病住院行肾活检的患者的临床病理特点.结果 157例肾脏疾病中,原发性肾小球疾病有133例(84.7%)、小管间质疾病4例(2.5%)、继发性肾脏病20例(12.7%),原发性肾小球疾病中系膜增生性肾炎占41.4%,IgA肾病占18%;继发性肾小球肾炎中狼疮性肾炎占5.1%;小管间质疾病中慢性间质性肾炎占75%.本组患者最常见的临床表现为蛋白尿血尿,各种病理类型与临床表现间有联系.结论 本组资料显示原发性肾小球疾病仍为我国最常见的肾脏疾病,其中以系膜增生性肾炎和IgA肾病最常见;小管间质疾病发病率有增高趋势,继发性肾脏病以狼疮性肾炎最常见,其它特殊肾脏病(如薄基膜肾病)逐年检出增加.     

儿童肾活检977例病理及临床分析

目的回顾性分析小儿肾脏疾病的病理类型及临床特点。方法收集977例接受经皮肾活检患儿的病理诊断和临床资料,分析比较原发性肾小球疾病与继发性肾小球疾病的病理类型和临床特征。培果成功肾活检971例,其中原发性肾小球疾病755例（77．8％）,继发性肾小球疾病183例（18．8％）,先天性遗传性代谢性肾小球疾病18例（1．9％）。原发性肾小球疾病中,临床诊断前3位依次为孤立性血尿、肾病综合征和迁延性肾小球肾炎;病理类型前3位依次为肾小球轻微病变、局灶节段性肾小球硬化和局灶性肾小球肾炎。继发性肾小球疾病中,临床诊断前3位依次为紫癜性肾炎、乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎和狼疮性肾炎;病理类型前3位依次为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球轻微病变和膜性肾病。在18例先天性遗传性代谢性肾脏疾病中,有7例为薄基膜肾病。在临床诊断为孤立性血尿的患儿,肾活检病理类型中肾小球轻微病变所占百分比随患儿年龄的增长逐渐降低（P〈0．05）,而IgA肾病和局灶性肾小球肾炎所占百分比随患儿年龄的增长逐渐升高（P〈0．05）。结论本组资料中,儿童肾小球疾病以原发性肾小球疾病为主,临床表现和病理类型以血尿和肾小球轻微病变最为常见;小儿继发性肾小球疾病以紫癜性肾炎最为常见,病理类型以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球轻微病变和膜性肾病为主;先天性遗传性肾脏疾病中薄基膜肾病最为常见。建议对6岁以上的孤立性血尿患儿行肾穿刺活检术。     

326例经皮肾活检临床与病理分析

目的:回顾总结本院2010年9月至2012年4月进行肾穿刺活检的标本,分析肾脏疾病经皮肾活检的病理类型构成比例。方法:参照WHO肾小球疾病的组织学分型方案,通过光镜及免疫荧光检测明确病理诊断。结果:326例肾活检病人中,原发性肾小球疾病258例占首位(79.14%),继发性肾小球疾病39例占11.96%,其它占8.90%。原发性肾小球疾病病理类型中最多的是IgA肾病(43.41%),其次为微小病变肾病(25.97%)和膜性肾病(13.18%)。继发性肾小球疾病中狼疮性肾炎占首位(41.03%),其次为紫癜性肾炎(35.89%)。结论:原发性肾小球疾病为常见的肾小球疾病,其中以IgA肾病最为常见;继发性肾小球疾病中以狼疮性肾炎最多见。随着肾活检的广泛开展,其它少见的肾脏疾病也有检出。     

80例肾小球疾病临床与病理分析

目的 总结80例肾小球疾病的临床、病理特点.方法 回顾性分析80例肾小球疾病患者的临床表现和病理类型.结果 原发性肾小球疾病占73.8%,继发性为26.2%,原发性肾小球疾病男:女=1.11:1, 继发性肾小球疾病男:女=0.17:1,两组间存在统计学差异(P＜0.05);原发性肾小球疾病中病理以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)所占比例最高,占47.5%,继发性肾小球疾病中狼疮性肾炎(LN)为多,占66.7%.原发性和继发性肾小球疾病30～39岁为高发年龄,占35%.表现为肾病综合征(NS)的LN的病理类型以Ⅳ型为多,占82%.结论 肾小球疾病好发于中青年, 系膜增生性肾炎是原发性肾小球疾病最常见的病理类型;LN是最常见的继发性肾小球疾病,女性占绝对优势;以NS为表现的LN最常见病理类型是LN Ⅳ型.     

肾活检168例肾小球疾病临床病理分析

目的 总结郴州地区肾小球疾病的临床病理类型特点.方法 回顾性分析我院自2007年8月～2009年5月共168例因肾小球疾病行经皮肾穿刺活检的病理资料.参照WHO(1982年及改良的1995年)肾小球疾病组织学分型修订方案,结合临床资料、实验室检查结果、免疫病理及超微结构改变的特点,提出诊断设想,然后与临床医师共同讨论明确诊断.结果 168例患者中,原发性肾小球疾病占67.67%,继发性肾小球疾病占33.33%.原发性肾小球疾病以IgA肾病最多,占20.83%,其次分别为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)占19.05%,膜性肾病(MN)占13.09%,微小病变(MCD)占5.95%.继发性肾脏病中以狼疮性肾炎(LN)多见,占17.85%,其次是乙肝相关性肾炎占4.76%.临床表现肾病综合症占63.69%,肾炎综合症占31.55%,急性肾衰竭占4.76%.结论 郴州地区原发性肾小球肾炎仍是最常见的肾小球疾病,其中以IgA肾病和系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最常见;继发性肾脏病以狼疮性肾炎多见;其它继发性肾小球疾病逐渐增多.     

肾活检362例临床病理分析

目的了解肾脏疾病的病理类型及其特点。方法回顾性分析该院2005年8月～2007年5月共362例因肾脏疾病行肾活检的病历资料，分析其病理类型及其与临床表现的关系。结果362例患者中，原发性肾小球疾病占79．01％，继发性肾小球疾病占15．47％，遗传性肾小球疾病占1．1％，小管间质性疾病占4．42％。原发性肾小球疾病以IgA肾病（IgAN）最多，占30．97％，其次分别为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）占14．36％，微小病变（MCD）占13．81％，膜性肾病（MN）占11．87％。继发性肾脏病中以狼疮性肾炎（LN）多见，占5．8％，其次是乙型肝炎相关性肾炎占3．6％，过敏性紫癜肾炎占3．3％。临床表现肾炎综合征占43．09％，肾病综合征占53、61％，急性肾衰竭占3．3％。结论原发性肾小球疾病是最常见的肾小球疾病，以IgAN为主。继发性肾小球疾病中以LN多见，女性多发，其他继发性肾小球疾病逐渐增多。肾活检非常有必要。     

712例肾活检临床病理分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨肾脏病理类型分布及原发性肾小球疾病病理类型年龄段分布及其特点。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月～2016年9月712例在雅安市人民医院行肾活检患者肾脏病理类型分布和临床分型,分析几种原发性肾小球疾病病理类型年龄段分布的特点。结果 712例肾活检患者中,原发性肾小球疾病533例(7486％),常见的病理类型依次为IgA肾病224例(4203%)、微小病变肾病116例(2176%)、膜性肾病100例(1876%)、系膜增生性肾炎47例(882%)和局灶节段性肾炎29例(544%);继发性肾小球疾病173例(243％),以狼疮性肾炎最常见,其次为紫癜性肾炎及糖尿病肾脏疾病;肾小管间质疾病6例（084%）。原发性肾小球疾病临床类型依次为肾病综合征286例(5366%)、慢性肾炎204例(3827%)、隐匿性肾炎30例(563%)、急性肾炎11例(206%)、急进性肾炎2例(038%)。15岁以下患者原发性肾小球疾病病理类型以微小病变型最常见,16～45岁为IgA肾病的高发年龄,占总患者的7054%;31～60岁膜性肾病的高发年龄,占总患者的70%。结论 本院肾脏疾病以原发性肾小球疾病最常见,其中IgA肾病是最多见的病理类型。膜性肾病和微小病变肾病的检出率有增高趋势。其中,IgA肾病、微小病变肾病以及膜性肾病有着明显的年龄段分布特点。继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮性肾炎和紫癜性肾炎最常见。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.