髋臼加深全髋置换治疗成人先天髋臼发育不良

目的：探索成人先天性髋臼发育不良伴髋关节半脱位的手术治疗方法。材料和方法：12例成人先天性髋臼发育不良伴髋关节半脱位患者采用髋臼加深髋关节置换的方法治疗。结果：经1－8年随访,段体稳定,髋关节疼痛症状消失,关节功能基本正常。结论：髋臼加深全髋关节置换是成人先天性髋臼发育不良伴髋关节半脱位的有效治疗方法。     

全髋关节置换治疗髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎

目的探讨髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎行人工全髋置换治疗效果。方法对10例（16髋）因髋臼发育不良所引起的严重骨关节炎患者行人工全髋关节置换术。结果随访时间4～68个月,采用Mereled’Aubigne评分标准：优5例,良4例,中1例。结论髋臼发育不良型骨性关节炎行人工全髋置换术可获得好的效果。     

假体置换治疗髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎

目的：探讨髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎行人工全髋置换治疗的疗效。方法：12例（14髋）因髋臼发育不良所引起的严重骨关节炎患作了人工全髋关节置换治疗。结果：优4例，良6例，中2例。结论：对髋臼发育不良型骨关节炎行人工全髋置换术的适应证应严格掌握，只有当疼痛影响生活质量，功能障碍非常明显而保守治疗无效时方可实施。     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人髋关节发育不良(DDH)行人工全髋关节置换(THA)的手术方法及早期疗效。方法对21例成人DDH继发骨关节炎患者(22髋)行生物型THA。髋关节脱位按Crowe分型:Ⅰ型15髋,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型共6髋,Ⅳ型1髋。髋臼重建方式中采用真臼加深内移15髋,结构性植骨4髋,旋转中心上移3髋。1髋CroweⅣ型行转子下短缩截骨。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。无假体周围感染、假体不稳及松动。X线片显示结构性植骨无塌陷,转子下截骨部位愈合良好。髋关节功能Harris评分:术前30~53(38.6±5.6)分,术后76~94(84.2±6.8)分。结论 THA治疗成人DDH早期疗效满意,与普通THA相比,DDH的THA技术要求高,操作较复杂。     

成人髋臼发育不良全髋置换的髋臼重建

目的探讨应用全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎时臼杯假体安放的方法及其对手术疗效的影响。方法对48例(56髋)髋臼发育不良行全髋置换时,部分应用髋臼内陷成形术向内或内下方加深髋臼并选择小型臼杯假体。通过Ranawat三角测量术前及术后股骨头中心距理想旋转中心的水平和垂直距离,应用Mark髋臼四分法判断臼杯假体的实际位置。行Harris临床评分及X线检查做为疗效判定标准。结果Ranawat三角测量,术前股骨头中心距理想旋转中心的水平距离平均为18.2 mm,术后为1.52 mm;术前垂直距离平均为10.26 mm,术后为5.68 mm。手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Mark髋臼四分区中,臼杯假体位于内侧区者为46髋,其中内下区34髋。术前Harris评分为32.5～60.3分,术后为76.6～96.5分。无假体松动和移位,无翻修病例。结论在髋臼发育不良行全髋置换的髋臼重建中,应强调向内方或内下方加深髋臼,接近于真臼安放臼杯假体,以尽量恢复髋关节理想旋转中心;选择小型臼杯假体以获得髋臼宿主骨的良好覆盖,减少髋臼植骨的机会。     

CT分型指导成人髋臼发育不良的全髋置换

[目的]探讨成人髋关节发育不良的CT分型,以指导人工全髋关节置换的手术操作.[方法]收治髋臼发育不良伴严重骨性关节炎或股骨颈骨折的Crowe Ⅰ型患者63例,行双髋置换10例,术前常规行X线和三维CT明确诊断及髋臼侧和股骨侧有无畸形及程度并进行分型,根据新的分型合理设计手术方案.术后及随访X线片评价假体位置、有无移位、松动、假体周围骨折及肢体长短.[结果]平均随访3.3年,术后无切口或深部感染,无假体周围骨折及神经损伤,所有患者Harris评分由置换前的(37.9±6.9)分提高到术后近期的(91.2±2.8)分.除早期2例(占总数占2.7％)因术后脱位行二期翻修外;余71例(97.3％)经长期随访,X线示股骨柄和髋臼杯的位置以及与周围的骨质匹配整合良好.63例患者中,术前37例肢体不等长,术后34例等长,短缩＜1 cm3例.[结论]对于髋臼发育不良的患者,新的CT分型,能更好的处理髋臼及股骨近端的畸形,指导选择合适的假体,获得理想的术后功能.     

全髋关节置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎疗效观察

[目的]探讨提高成人髋臼发育不良并髋关节骨性关节炎临床疗效。[方法]根据髋臼发育不良Crowe分类选择不同髋臼假体置入重建方法,Ⅰ型16髋,Ⅱ型29髋,Ⅲ型11髋,Ⅳ型4髋,37例42髋CroweⅠ-Ⅱ型采取真臼重建,其中2例2髋采取真臼小号假体重建,12例16髋CroweⅢ型采取真臼重建加植骨造盖,2例2髋采取假臼重建,治疗成人髋臼发育不良并髋关节骨性关节炎,以恢复髋关节功能。[结果]随访2年到8年,平均时间5.5年,Harrris评分由术前平均45.4分增加至88分,优良率93.7%。所有病例均无假体松动及下沉,无一例感染及脱位,所有植骨块均获得愈合。[结论]重建髋臼假体的稳定性,软组织平衡调节,肢体长短对称调节,术后积极康复训练,是该手术取得良好效果的关键。     

全髋置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良(DDH)伴髋关节骨性关节炎的手术疗效.方法 对11例(12髋)因DDH致髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术.根据Zionts分级,Ⅰ度7髋,Ⅱ度5髋.术前Harris评分28～63(48.1±9.4)分.结果 11例均获随访,时间6个月～6年.术后Harris评分为82～98(88.6±7.6)分.1例术后3年X线片示人工臼与植骨块间有透亮线,余患者人工臼位置均无移位、松动.有2例患肢轻度跛行,无疼痛,可以长距离行走.结论 全髋置换术解除患者症状,改善关节功能,提高生活质量,是一种行之有效的治疗方法.手术成功的关键在于加深髋臼、内移髋关节活动中心及适当植骨.     

成人先天性髋臼发育不良全髋置换术中髋臼重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换治疗成人先天性髋臼发育不良术中髋臼的重建方法。方法对24例32髋成人先天性髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术,21髋行自体股骨头及髂骨移植重建髋臼,11髋单纯行髋臼加深重建髋臼。术后以Harris评分、放射学改变、步态、肢体长度、Trendelenburg征评定治疗效果。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间6个月~5年。Harris评分由术前平均48.2分恢复到术后平均86.4分,X线片显示,自体股骨头及髂骨移植重建髋臼病例所有移植骨块均愈合良好。旋转中心平均下降55mm(37~69 mm)。29髋疼痛消失,3髋术后有轻微疼痛。1例术后Trendelenburg征持续阳性。结论根据术前评估,选择合适的髋臼重建方法进行全髋关节置换对成人先天性髋臼发育不良可获得较好疗效。     

全髋关节置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎

目的探讨全髋关节置换治疗成人髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的经验。方法对31例42髋成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎行全髋关节置换术,其中双侧11例,单侧20例。结果术后切口均一期愈合,经过3个月～4年的随访,均能下地行走,生活自理且恢复日常工作,Harris评分从术前平均34.65分增加到术后89.26分。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎的有效方法,但手术难度较大,术中应充分考虑髋臼发育不良的原发及继发病理改变,以采取相应的措施。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人先天性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia hip,DDH）髋臼假体的选择和手术方法。方法全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良24例26个髋;年龄41～68岁,平均52岁。按照Perner分型,其中Ⅰ度10髋应用普通髋臼假体置换,Ⅱ度9髋选用螺旋臼假体,Ⅲ度5髋及度Ⅳ2髋选用小号髋臼假体,真臼部位安置髋臼假体,均为生物型固定,无结构性植骨。结果随访0．5～3．5年,假体与骨床结合牢固,患髋关节疼痛消失,关节功能基本正常,Harris评分平均86分。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的有效方法,针对髋臼病变程度的不同分别采用不同类型髋臼假体置换,配合术中的正确操作能简化手术,减少并发症,提高疗效。     

重度先髋脱位全髋置换术中肢体延长长度的探讨

目的探讨全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗重度先天性髋关节脱位(developmental dys-plasia hip,DDH)时下肢可以延长的安全范围。方法基础研究部分:20只狗建立后肢延长后神经、血管损伤模型,通过神经电生理、组织学和血流动力学的方法,了解其神经损伤和血管损伤与牵拉的关系。临床研究部分:29例(32髋)重度DDH患者,26髋行单纯THA手术,6髋行THA、粗隆下截骨术。术后采用Harris评分、肌电图、血管超声等方法检查神经血管损伤,平均随访6个月。结果动物实验:延长长度超过肢体原有长度6%时,神经电生理有所表现,未发生血管损伤。临床试验:29例患者术前Harris评分为(32.98±8.51)分,术后随访6周,28例患者(脱漏1例)Harris评分为(91.26±3.57)分,肢体延长长度(3.3±1.15)cm,最长延长5.9 cm。有5例出现神经传导速度减慢,6例出现感觉神经传导减慢,4例延长超过下肢长度6%的患者均出现感觉及运动神经传导异常、肌电图未见自发电位,3例患者在术后出现肢体麻木,复诊时症状消失;血管损伤均未发生。结论 THA手术治疗重度DDH时,肢体延长不超过下肢长度的6%是安全的。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节发育不良的中期研究

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术（total hip replacement,THR）在成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）继发骨性关节炎的中期治疗经验。方法对26例（29髋）DDH继发骨性关节炎的患者行THR。对23例中、重度骨缺损者,采用植骨修补外上方承重区骨缺损,并重建髋臼及股骨的解剖结构,合理安装假体。结果随访9个月~6年,Harris关节功能评分由术前的平均（33.8±0.7）分提高到术后的（87.1±0.3）分。所有患者活动度增加,未出现骨折不愈合、内固定断裂、感染、神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成及假体周围骨折等并发症。8例双下肢不等长者,短缩差由术前平均2.7（2.1-4.5）cm缩小到术后平均0.5（0.1-0.7）cm,外观改善明显。结论 DDH继发骨性关节炎采用THR是行之有效的。充分的软组织松解、重建髋臼和股骨近端结构以及合适的假体选择是手术的关键。     

非骨水泥型髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的探讨非骨水泥型髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良的早期效果。方法回顾性分析2009—2013年我科非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗因髋臼发育不良导致的髋骨关节炎患者66例72髋,其中男9例11髋,女57例61髋;年龄46~75岁,平均55岁。按Crowe分型,Ⅰ型27例29髋,Ⅱ型17例18髋,Ⅲ型13例14髋,Ⅳ型9例11髋,均伴有不同程度的跛行、活动受限等症状。采用Harris评分及术前、术后X线片观察评价手术效果。结果术后患者肢体平均延长36 mm。66例患者均获得1~5年随访。除1例不遵守医嘱过度下蹲出现脱位后在全麻下闭合手法复位,所有患者髋臼重建侧植骨均获得愈合,髋关节假体均未出现假体松动。2例自体股骨头植骨区有少量骨吸收,未发现下肢因肢体延长致神经血管损伤症状。术前患者Harris评分(45.05±5.38)分、术前下肢不等长(23.29±19.36)mm、CE角(4±13.92)°改善至(88.62±3.38)°、(3.26±4.06)mm、(29.27±2.68)°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后髋关节旋转中心距泪滴水平距离为(27.82±1.25)mm,垂直距离(24.14±2.59)mm。结论全髋关节置换治疗髋臼发育不良手术难度大,术前精心手术评估,真臼处髋臼重建及通过适度软组织松解、转子下截骨等方式的非骨水泥型髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良可取得显著的早期疗效。     

Autogenous Impaction Grafting in Total Hip Arthroplasty with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Autogenous impaction grafting was performed to improve acetabular cup coverage in 68 patients (78 hips) with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after total hip arthroplasty, and the patients were then monitored for a mean duration of 5.5 years. No cup revisions were required, and there was no radiographic loosening. The host–graft interface became indistinct by 6 weeks after surgery, trabecular bone formation was seen by 12 weeks, and definite trabecular reorientation was seen by 20 months. At the last follow-up examination, the mean cup coverage was 97.7%, whereas mean coverage by bone grafting was 27.9%. Among 12 patients with most of the bone graft placed at the absolutely protruded area of the cup, the cup coverage provided by the bone graft decreased from 95.4% immediately after surgery to 20.7% by the final follow-up examination. Bone-particle grafting can provide a satisfactory integration speed and a low incidence of displacement and ectopic ossification.     

成人DDH患者保髋手术失败后的THA疗效分析

目的回顾性分析保髋手术治疗失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者再次行全髋人工关节置换术的中期疗效。方法选择2014年1月至2019年1月收治的22例(30髋)保髋手术失败后行全髋人工关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的发育性髋关节发育不良患者作为研究对象,其中男7例,女15例;行保髋手术时年龄1~18岁,平均(7.9±3.4)岁;行THA时年龄22~63岁,平均(34.2±11.2)岁;单髋14例,双髋8例,左髋16侧,右髋14侧。手术前后采用Harris髋关节评分系统及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)进行评价,并对手术前后的X线片进行分析。结果本研究病例全髋人工关节置换术后平均随访时间为(30.5±18.5)个月。全髋人工关节置换术后,Harris总评分从术前的平均(38.7±10.6)分提高至末次随访时的(89.4±9.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.67,P<0.001),且患者的疼痛、行走、功能、活动度等各项指标的术后评分均高于术前且差异有统计学意义;疼痛VAS评分由术前的平均(7.9±0.9)分降低到末次随访时的(1.4±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=30.67,P<0.01);患者双下肢长度差异由术前的平均(3.32±0.51)cm降低到术后(0.71±0.33)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=14.01,P<0.001)。所有患者均无发生手术切口及假体周围感染、假体松动、髋关节脱位、血管神经损伤、深静脉血栓及异位骨化等术后并发症,仅2例患者术中出现股骨近端纵行劈裂。结论保髋手术失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者行全髋人工关节置换术可获得满意的中期疗效。     

The Use of Combined Anteversion in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients With Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

The combined anteversion technique has been proposed recently and proved to be an applicable technique in general THA. The corresponding author routinely applied this approach to DDH patients in clinical practice. The current study aimed to provide clinical evidence for this approach. We studied 35 DDH patients (47 hips). Every patient underwent pelvic CT scans before and after surgery and the HHs was recorded. The data indicate a high accuracy of controlling components orientation and satisfactory clinical outcomes. Using this approach, we reduced dislocation risk and got better impingement free range of motion. Therefore, we conclude that combined anteversion is effective for DDH patients who receive a THA. This approach could guarantee stable and functioning joints for DDH patients receiving THA.     

Midterm Results of Hybrid Total Hip Arthroplasty for Treatment of Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip-Chinese Experience

This study was designed to evaluate the midterm results of hybrid total hip arthroplasty in a consecutive series of 45 Chinese patients with osteoarthritis secondary to dysplastic hip. The average follow-up was 6.6 years. A total of 24 hips were classified as dysplasia, 20 hips as low dislocation, and 13 hips as high dislocation. The preoperative Harris score was 46.19 ± 18.01, which improved to 91.78 ± 3.52 at the final follow-up. The rate of polyethylene liner wear was 0.27 mm/y. Osteolysis was identified around 5 acetabular components and 13 femoral components. With the use of loosening or revision as the end point for failure, the survival rate was 1.0. We suggest that hybrid total hip arthroplasty in Chinese developmental dysplasia of hip patients has favorable results at midterm follow-up, even though their lifestyle includes more deep flexion of the hip. There is no significant difference of postoperative Harris score with increasing severity of dysplasia.     

全髋置换加转子下截骨治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换加转子下截骨治疗髋关节发育不良的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年4月至2007年12月我院收治的18例（23髋）髋关节发育不良患者,男性6例（6髋）,女性12例（17髋）,CroweⅢ型16髋,CroweⅣ型7髋,平均年龄52.4岁（41～67岁）,随访时间3～6年,平均4.5年。采用全髋置换术加转子下横行截骨,部分病例截骨处用钢丝捆扎固定,其他病例截骨处自体松质骨骨泥填充,评估术前术后的临床效果和假体影像学表现。结果 Harris评分由术前平均43.2分提高至最近一次随访时的平均90.7分,最近一次随访示：所有假体都骨性长入稳定,截骨处平均3.2个月（2～6个月）后愈合,无一例发生脱位、感染、神经症状、深静脉血栓的形成和肺栓塞。结论全髋置换加转子下截骨可以纠正增大的前倾角,提供假体良好的抗旋转稳定性和避免复位时引起的神经损伤,临床疗效满意。     

Total Hip Arthroplasty Followed by Traction and Delayed Reduction for Crowe IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Hip dislocation secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip is a debilitating condition. Total hip arthroplasty has proven successful in improving pain, restoring joint function, and correcting leg length discrepancies in this select population. Various techniques have been developed to address the increased complexity inherent to the reconstruction of the severely dysplastic hip. Despite this, femoral and/or sciatic nerve palsy remains a potential catastrophic complication after surgery, with reported rates up to five times that in the general population. We present three cases using a previously unreported technique for performing primary total hip arthroplasty via an anterior approach for Crowe IV hip dysplasia. The goal of this technique is to minimize the risk of postoperative nerve palsy following reconstruction of the severely dysplastic hip. A brief discussion of our technique and the topic of nerve dysfunction after total hip arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip follows.