2010—2012年中国15岁及以上居民饮酒状况

目的分析中国15岁及以上城乡居民的饮酒现状。方法使用2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测调查"个人健康情况调查问卷"中的饮酒情况数据,对145 263名15岁及以上居民的饮酒情况进行分析。结果中国15岁及以上居民的饮酒率为34.3%,男性(54.6%)高于女性(13.3%),45~59岁人群饮酒率最高(38.6%);饮酒者饮用最多的是啤酒(64.6%),其次为高度白酒(38.7%)和低度白酒(29.7%);饮酒者日均酒精摄入量为28.1 g,男性(32.8 g)高于女性(8.0 g),45~59岁人群酒精摄入量最高(38.5 g);饮酒人群中过量饮酒率为30.4%,男性(34.8%)高于女性(11.7%);饮酒人群中危险饮酒率为13.9%,男性(16.0%)高于女性(4.7%),45~59岁人群的过量饮酒率(41.1%)和危险饮酒率(20.1%)最高。结论中国15岁以上居民饮酒现象比较普遍,存在性别和年龄的差异。应加强过量饮酒危害的宣传,尤其注重45~59岁年龄段的男性人群。     

河南省成年居民饮酒状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解河南省18岁以上居民饮酒状况及其影响因素,为制订卫生服务策略提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,使用世界卫生组织<健康和卫生系统反应性>量表,对3 000名河南省居民进行问卷调查.结果 河南省18岁以上男性、女性居民及总饮酒率分别为812%,331%,58.2%;Logistic回归分析显示,不同年龄、性别、经济收入、文化程度的人群饮酒率不同(P＜0.05);经常饮酒的人群己意识到饮酒有害健康,但81.4%的人仍坚持饮酒.结论 加强对男性、＜40岁、文化程度较高、经济收入高人群饮酒行为的干预和教育,是降低河南省居民饮酒率的关键.     

徐州市15岁及以上常住居民饮酒行为调查

目的了解徐州市不同人群饮酒现状,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法于2008年6月—2008年12月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选择具有代表性的样本,对15岁及以上常住居民,采用统一调查问卷进行调查。结果共调查44 791人,其中城市10 400人,占23.21%;农村34 391人,占76.79%。男性21 524人,占48.05%;女性23 267人,占51.95%。15岁及以上人群饮酒率15.64%,标化饮酒率为16.53%,35.95%的饮酒者为每天或几乎每天都饮酒;男性饮酒率为30.13%,女性为2.23%,男性饮酒率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);城市居民饮酒率为16.46%,农村居民饮酒率为15.39%,城市居民饮酒率高于农村,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.94,P<0.01);15岁及以上饮酒者平均开始饮酒年龄为(20.45±0.48)岁,男性饮酒者平均开始饮酒年龄明显早于女性(P<0.01)。平均每天的乙醇摄入量为(132.5±3.5)g/d,饮酒者平均每天的乙醇摄入量男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在饮酒人群中饮酒类型以白酒为主,占68.67%。不同文化程度、职业、经济收人的人群饮酒率差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强对男性、<40岁、文化程度较高、经济收入高人群饮酒行为的干预和教育,是降低徐州市居民饮酒率的关键。     

长春市城乡居民健康行为的危险因素调查

目的对居民健康行为的危险因素进行调查分析,为制定、实施干预方案提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,调查居民健康行为危险因素的情况;应用Microsoft Office Excel数据库和SPSS统计软件进行数据处理,采用描述性统计分析的方法对调查中相关资料进行分析。结果 15岁及以上人口吸烟率为22.81%,农村高于城市,男性高于女性。24岁前开始吸烟的占84.46%,29岁前开始吸烟的占93.4%;15岁及以上人口饮酒率为16.02%,经常饮酒率为7.4%,农村均高于城市。15～45岁年龄段,男性经常饮酒率呈快速上升趋势,女性饮酒率始终很低;15岁及以上人口超重率和肥胖率分别为28.79%和5.87%,城市均高于农村。结论吸烟、饮酒和肥胖是影响居民健康行为的危险因素,也是高血压、糖尿病等慢性疾病高发的主要原因。     

中国2010-2012年15~17岁人群饮酒状况及影响因素

分析2010-2012年中国15~17岁人群饮酒现况及其影响因素,为政府部门制定相关政策提供科学依据.方法 使用2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测调查“个人健康情况调查问卷”中的饮酒情况数据,对6 581名15~17岁人群饮酒率、饮酒类型和日均酒精摄入量及其影响因素进行分析.结果 中国15~ 17岁人群饮酒率为14.0%,男性(19.2%)高于女性(8.5%);17岁人群饮酒率最高,为18.0%.不同性别、年龄人群饮酒率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为148.04,52.67,P值均<0.01).饮用啤酒的比例最高(85.1%),其次为葡萄酒(35.2%).饮酒人群的日均酒精摄入量为4.9 g,其中男性(5.6 g)高于女性(3.4 g),17岁人群日均酒精摄入量最高(5.5 g),不同性别、年龄及城乡人群饮酒量差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为83.37,7.67,29.70,P值均<0.05).多因素分析显示,男性、家庭人均年收入<10 000元、现在吸烟者饮酒率高.结论 中国15~17岁人群的饮酒问题不容忽视,建议尽早对该人群进行不饮酒干预.     

上海青浦区成年人饮酒现况调查结果分析

目的通过青浦区成人危险因素调查,对青浦区成人酒精摄取情况进行了解和分析。方法通过PPS抽样,确定青浦区6000名调查对象,调查采用集中调查和分散入户调查,问卷由区疾病预防控制中心进行质控。结果青浦区15岁及以上居民中,30天内曾经饮酒者的比例为17.4%,青浦区本市15岁及以上居民人均每日酒精消费量为1.63个标准饮酒单位。男性(3.0个标准饮酒单位)高于女性(0.25个标准饮酒单位)。本市15岁及以上居民中,过去12个月里,有1次及以上大量饮酒的频率为4.36%,男性(8.52%)高于女性(0.2%)(χ2=2164.11,P0.01)。结论 17.4%的青浦区常住居民在过去一年里有饮酒行为,男性饮酒行为高于女性。大量饮酒和有害饮酒可造成机体严重损伤,应加强对社区居民的健康教育,改变不良的生活习惯。     

北京市顺义区居民饮酒现状及影响因素分析

目的分析北京市顺义区社区居民饮酒行为及其影响因素。方法采用按人口规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法 (PPS)抽取顺义区18~80岁常住居民3840人,去除数据缺失者后为3810人,其中男性1708人,女性2102人。采用自行设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行面对面问卷调查。结果顺义区成年居民过去12个月饮酒率为37.5%,标化率为37.7%;男性饮酒率为69.9%,女性为11.1%,女性饮酒率显著低于男性(χ~2=1389.143,P0.05);顺义区居民总体饮酒率在各年龄组间变化不大,各年龄组男性饮酒率均显著高于女性;男性饮酒率最高的年龄组为50~59岁,为76.5%,女性饮酒率最高的年龄组为18~29岁,为15.5%;各职业间饮酒率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=166.465,P0.05),各职业中以工人饮酒率最高,为54.5%(276/506);婚姻状况中未婚者的饮酒率最高,为44.0%,且不同婚姻情况的居民饮酒率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.030,P0.05);吸烟居民的饮酒率明显高于不吸烟居民的饮酒率,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=854.127,P0.05);不同饮酒频率组中男性和女性的饮酒频率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=176.498,P0.01)。结论顺义区社区居民的饮酒率高于全国居民的饮酒率,男性和吸烟人群是目前限酒干预的重点对象,我们应加强对顺义区居民健康饮酒宣教,避免和减少饮酒相关疾病和伤害的发生。     

广西城乡居民高血压流行病学研究

目的掌握城乡居民高血压流行病学特征及其患病的危险因素,为广西高血压制定防治策略提供依据。方法运用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,先抽取广西4个城市和4个县,每个市、县再抽取2个乡镇(街道)、6个村(居委),采取现场问卷调查获取15岁及以上居民相关情况数据资料,并进行现场血压、身高、体重测量,其中膳食调查户要对15岁以上居民进行抽血化验血糖、血脂等指标。结果调查15岁及以上城乡居民9127人,SBP/DBP平均值119.7/74.8mg,其中城市居民118.9/74.7mmHg,略低于农村120.5/74.9 mmHg;高血压粗患病率17.9%,标化患病率15.3%,其中城市粗患病率、标化率分别为19.5%、17.1%,高于农村(16.3%、14.8%);农村15~44岁男性居民SBP/DBP和高血压患病率均显著高于城市同年龄组男性居民;高血压患病率从35岁开始大幅上升;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ高血压患病率分别为11.0%、3.61%和1.70%,随着年龄增长,Ⅱ、Ⅲ患病率呈增长趋势;高血压患者知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为22.6%、15.4%和4.0%,城市显著高于农村。单因素分析发现高收入、文盲、肥胖、饮酒、糖尿病、高TG、高TC和轻体力活动等人群是高血压高危人群;而Logistic回归模型多因素分析,结果显示,年龄、高TG、饮酒、肥胖和高血压家族史是城乡居民高血压的共同危险因素,糖尿病还是城市居民的重要的危险因素(OR2.72),高TC则是农村居民不可忽视的危险因素(OR2.01),女性是保护因素(OR0.65)。结论估计广西15岁及以上居民有507.97万高血压病人,其中城市138.46万,农村更是高达369.53万;25~44岁农村男性青壮年血压值和高血压病高发问题,需要严重关注。控制体重、限制饮酒、减少高脂肪食物摄入和积极防治糖尿病对有效预防控制城乡居民高血压病的流行十分重要。     

江苏省城乡居民饮酒行为调查

目的了解江苏省城乡居民饮酒行为现况,为开发和制定饮酒相关防治策略和措施提供参考。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取江苏省15～69岁城乡常住居民4318人,进行饮酒相关问卷调查。结果江苏省城乡居民饮酒率、重度饮酒率分别为36.53%和17.04%;现在饮酒者平均每日饮酒量为5.41±5.60个标准饮酒单位;饮酒者过去12个月中存在单次大量饮酒的天数平均为100.81±135.25天;饮酒频率、饮酒量和危险饮酒行为的频度等方面,男性均高于女性。结论饮酒行为是江苏省城乡居民中普遍存在的健康危险因素,亟需针对其分布特点开发和制定综合的防治策略和干预措施。     

中国居民饮酒行为现况

目的:了解我国居民饮酒行为现状,为国家制定相关政策和措施提供科学依据。方法:使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,分析我国城乡15岁及以上居民159117人的饮酒情况。饮酒信息的收集采用个人健康情况调查表由经过培训的调查员询问获得。结果:我国居民的现在饮酒率为21.0%,男性现在饮酒率为39.6%,明显高于女性的4.5%;城乡居民的现在饮酒率分别为20.9%、21.0%。45～59岁组饮酒率最高。现在饮酒者中18岁之前开始饮酒的比例为8.8%。39.9%的男性和29.5%的女性饮酒者每天或几乎每天饮酒。饮酒主要类型依次为白酒(50.3%)、啤酒和白酒(27.5%)、啤酒(14.1%)。男性现在饮酒者中有58.2%的人平均每次饮用白酒在100～150g,女性中有77.3%的人平均每次饮用白酒在50～100g。结论:我国居民中饮酒是一种普遍的行为,需要进一步探索影响因素,减少饮酒相关问题的发生。     

网络调查方法的优势与局限

网络调查方法是随着网络技术的发展而兴起的一种新的社会调查方法,其调查内容分为虚拟社会行为和现实行为两个方面,从网络调查的类型看,主要有网络问卷调查法、电子邮件问卷调查法、聊天室访谈法、网络电话访谈法、网络社区专题深入访谈法、网络观察法、网络文献调查法等调查类型。各种网络调查方法有不同的特点,在运用网络调查方法上,应当扬长避短,与传统社会调查方法相结合,根据不同的调查对象选择不同的调查方法。     

农村四县伤害人群调查和医院调查结果比较

目的 比较人群伤害调查和医院调查中伤害原因顺位,以及同一伤害在人群和医院就诊病例中的年龄构成的差异。方法 比较人群调查和医院调查获得的伤害发生原因构成,同一伤害在人群和医院就诊病例中的年龄构成的差异。结果 四县人群调查前四位伤害原因为机械性损伤、跌倒、烧烫伤和道路交通伤害。四县医院急诊科的伤害就诊病例原因构成前四位为道路交通伤害、他人加害、机械性损伤和烧烫伤。人群调查和医院调查中道路交通伤害的年龄构成差异没有显著性,机械性损伤、烧烫伤、跌倒和他人加害年龄构成差异有显著性。结论 人群调查和医院调查的结果存在差异,使用医院数据进行伤害情况描述时应慎重。     

医院患者就医满意度问卷调查法和电话调查法的差异化比较

目的：研究问卷调查和电话调查两种方法调查患者满意度的优劣。方法分别采用问卷调查法和电话调查法对出院患者就医满意度进行调查,比较两种方法每小时的调查人数和患者的满意度。结果问卷调查组每小时调查的患者人数为8人,电话调查组每小时调查的患者人数为15人;电话随访组病人满意度为90.73%,问卷调查组患者满意度为95.61%。两种调查方式比较,每小时的调查人数和患者的满意度差异均有统计学意义（P 〈0.01）。结论电话随访调查法优于问卷调查法。     

患者满意度调查方法改进及效果评价

通过对患者满意度调查内容、调查方法、调查方式的改进,使患者满意度调查较全面、真实地反映医疗、服务过程中的信息,成为医疗质量和服务质量持续提升的有效抓手。改进后的患者满意度调查消除了病人的顾虑和来自医院的干扰,避免了外界因素的影响,能够表达真实的信息。同时,注重质量管理过程的调查结果,为医院管理提供了真实、可靠的依据。     

In search of a method to assess the availability, quality and price of vegetables and fruit

The purpose of the study was to develop and trial a survey tool that could be used to gather evidence relating to vegetable and fruit availability, quality and price in urban fringe and rural communities. The study involved three components: a review of the literature to develop an understanding of the potential impact of availability, quality and price of vegetables and fruit on food choice and consumption patterns; development of a survey tool to assess the availability, quantity, variety and price of vegetables and fruit; and piloting of the survey tool in one urban fringe and one rural community in Tasmania. The food supply characteristic with the highest proportion of products rated the same by all raters was availability (94%) and variety (range 62–91%). There were significant variation between raters on quantity (8–66%), quality (18–53%) and price (56–94%). Difficulties encountered when piloting the survey tool included survey layout, details required, assessment of different varieties, interpreting the codes for quality and quantity, determining the price of products and the time taken to conduct the surveys. The study demonstrated the difficulties with measuring availability, quality and price of vegetables and fruit in urban fringe and rural communities in Tasmania. It is recommended that further work be undertaken on the survey tool to strengthen its reliability.     

Comparison of two types of behavior and attitude surveys on alcohol, tobacco and illegal drug use]

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the results of two types of surveys frequently used in France to monitor alcohol, tobacco and illegal drug consumptions. METHODS: Data from a random sample phone survey (1993 18-75 year old French adults in November and December 1995), a quota sample face-to-face survey (1000 18-75 year old French adults in November 1995) and other sources (sales statistics and other surveys) were compared. RESULTS: Results from the two types of surveys were similar for alcohol and tobacco consumption prevalence. Concerning smoking prevalence, the random survey gave an estimate of 35.5% for the smokers ratio versus 35.2% with the quota sample survey. The daily alcohol consumer percentage was 20.9% and 22.1% respectively with the random and the quota sample surveys. Differences were observed for attitudes and illegal substances consumption: the random sample phone survey estimated at 15.5% people using drug during their life versus 13.9% for the quota sample face-to-face survey. CONCLUSIONS: Quota sampling and face-to-face surveys can be used to monitor alcohol, tobacco consumption and to a lesser extent, drug consumption trends, especially by repeated surveys, instead of random sample phone survey which are more time and money consuming.     

高职一年级护生学习状况调查与分析

本文对高职护理专业一年级学生的专业思想、学习困难的课程、难学课程的主要原因、学习压力的程度、自习和考试情况进行调查,并分析其原因,寻找出相应的对策,以达到护理人才培养目标的要求。     

Measuring clinical performance: comparison and validity of telephone survey and administrative data

OBJECTIVE: To compare and validate self-reported telephone survey and administrative data for two Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures: mammography and diabetic retinal exams. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: A telephone survey was administered to approximately 700 women and 600 persons with diabetes randomly chosen from each of two health maintenance organizations (HMOs). STUDY DESIGN: Agreement of survey and administrative data was assessed by using kappa coefficients. Validity measures were assessed by comparing survey and administrative data results to a standard: when the two sources agreed, that was accepted as the standard; when they differed, confirmatory information was sought from medical records to establish the standard. When confirmatory information was not available ranges of estimates consistent with the data were constructed by first assuming that all persons for whom no information was available had received the service and alternately that they had not received the service. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The kappas for mammography were .65 at both HMOs; for retinal exam they were .38 and .40. Sensitivity for both data sources was consistently high. However, specificity was lower for survey (range .44 to .66) than administrative data (.99 to 1.00). The positive predictive value was high for mammography using either data source but differed for retinal exam (survey .69 to .78; administrative data .99 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Administrative and survey data performed consistently in both HMOs. Although administrative data appeared to have greater specificity than survey data the validity and utility of different data sources for performance measurement have only begun to be explored.     

Reliability and validity of a survey to evaluate attitudes and behaviours of pharmacy staff toward near misses

The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes and behaviours of pharmacy staff toward near misses through a survey and interviews. Themes of an acknowledgment of pharmacy process changes resulting from near miss reporting, feelings of personal responsibility, minimizing the importance of reporting near misses, and a need for further education were evident in both the survey and qualitative discussions. This survey is useful to inform educational efforts and to encourage near miss reporting.