不同IVIG治疗方案对川崎病冠状动脉病变影响的多中心回顾性研究

目的 探讨静脉丙种球蛋白(IVIG)的不同治疗方案对川崎病(KD)患儿发生冠状动脉病变(CAL)的影响,提出最佳的IVIG治疗建议方案.方法 回顾性分析1998-2007年上海地区住院KD患儿1 682例的临床资料,男1 064例,女618例;发病年龄0.1～18.8岁,平均(2.57±2.33)岁.其中1 533例(91.1%)使用IVIG治疗,方案包括①1 g/kg×1次;②2 g/kg×1次;③0.4～0.5 g/kg×5次;④1 g/kg×2次;⑤2 g/kg×2次;⑥不规则治疗.IVIG治疗的时间窗包括:①病程1～4d;②病程5～10 d;③病程>10 d.结果 在1 533例IVIC治疗的KD患儿中,CAL总发生率为20.74%.与此相比较,CAL发生率明显降低者如下:①在病程5～10 d应用IVIG治疗1 g/kg×2次的KD患儿,其CAL发生率为12.06%;②病程5～10 d应用1 g/kg×1次者CAL发生率为15.00%;⑧病程1～4 d应用1 g/kg×1次者CAL发生率为16.28%;④病程5～10 d应用2 g/kg×1次者CAL发生率为16.71%.相反,以下几种情况CAL发生率明显高于CAL总发生率:①在病程10 d以上应用IVIC者;②使用IVIG 2 g/kg×2次(因使用1次后效果不佳而再次使用);③其他不规律使用IVIC者.结论 在IVIC治疗KD、减少CAL方面,以病程5～10 d使用IVIG 1 g/kg×2次效果最佳;但考虑经济因素和大剂量IVIG潜在的风险,在病程10 d以内使用IVIG 1 g/kg×1次亦是不错的选择.     

静脉输注丙种球蛋白防治川崎病冠状动脉病变的疗效

目的评价静脉输注丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗和预防川崎病(KD)冠状动脉病变(CAL)的疗效,探讨IVIG疗效的影响因素。方法对314例KD患儿的临床资料进行回顾性对比观察。按治疗将患儿分为阿司匹林(ASA) IVIG组和ASA组,观察两组CAL发生、恢复情况、不同时机不同剂量IVIG治疗KD疗效、临床及实验室指标,急性期出现CAL者分别于病程1,3,6,12个月复查。结果ASA IVIG组CAL发生率34.3%,ASA组56.0%,两组比较P<0.001。应IVIG2.0g/kg或1.0g/kg以及在病程3～10d应用IVIG,CAL发牛率低,P<0.05。22.2?L发生在IVIG治疗后;13.4?L在病程12个月仍不能恢复正常,多数为IVIG治疗开始时间超过10d者。ASA IVIG组住院时间、退热时间、总热程缩短,血小板计数、血沉、C反应蛋白显著降低(P<0.05)。IVIG耐药病例占10.5%。结论IVIG治疗可显著缩短KD病程和降低CAL发生,但对川崎病CAL防治并非人们所预期的那样有效,实际疗效需要再评价。     

不同剂量静脉免疫球蛋白治疗川崎病的临床及免疫学效应比较

目的评价应用静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)的不同治疗方案治疗川崎病(KD)的临床疗效及免疫学效应。方法 232例KD患儿随机分为3组:IVIG 1g/kg×1次组,IVIG 1g/kg×2次组,IVIG 2g/kg×1次组。对三种治疗方法的疗效进行前瞻性对比研究,观察患儿总热程、退热时间、黏膜充血、手足肿胀和颈部淋巴结肿大消退时间,监测外周血白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、冠状动脉病变(CAL)恢复情况,以及血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)、T、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞变化情况,并对治疗前后组内结果、治疗后组间结果进行比较。结果三组患儿治疗后的WBC、FIB、CRP、CD3、CD4、CD19细胞百分比、CD4/CD8较治疗前显著降低(P均<0.05),IgG、CD8、NK细胞百分比较治疗前显著升高(P均<0.05),ESR、IgA、IgM与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);三组患儿治疗前的CAL发生率、WBC、FIB、CRP水平、CD3、CD4、CD19、CD8、NK细胞百分比、IgG水平、CD4/CD8差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后三组患儿的临床症状恢复时间、CAL发生率、WBC、FIB、CRP水平、CD3、CD4、CD19、CD8、NK细胞百分比、CD4/CD8差异亦无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后的IgG水平三组间差异有统计学意义,其中IVIG 1g/kg×2次组及IVIG 2g/kg×1次组均高于IVIG 1g/kg×1次组(P<0.05),IVIG 1g/kg×2次组与IVIG 2g/kg×1次组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 IVIG 1g/kg×1次治疗KD与IVIG 1g/kg×2次及IVIG 2g/kg×1次治疗的临床疗效及免疫学效应相当,其对冠状动脉的近期及远期保护效应相当,按照效益/价值比原则,IVIG 1g/kg×1次的治疗方法值得推荐。     

不同用法静脉免疫球蛋白对川崎病心血管系统的影响

目的　 探讨不同用法静脉免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)对川崎病 (KD)心血管系统的影响 ,以寻求最佳方案的IVIG治疗KD。 方法 　对我科近 8年收治的KD分别给予 3种不同方案的IVIG加用相同剂量阿司匹林进行治疗。比较 3组患儿心血管系统的损害情况 ,并作统计学处理。 结果 　IVIG 2 g/kg和 1g/kg一次使用的疗效均明显优于IVIG 40 0mg/(kg·d)连用4d的方案 ;而IVIG 2g/kg和 1g/kg 2组的结果比较无显著差异。 结论 　IVIG一次性使用比连用数天更能有效地减轻KD患儿心血管系统的损害 ,我国宜用IVIG 1g/kg一次性使用来治疗KD患儿。     

IVIG对川崎病冠状动脉病变的预防及治疗作用分析

本文分析了292例川崎病患儿中25例发生冠状动脉病变(CAD)治疗过程中的药物选择、用药时间、用药方法、用药剂量及IVIG治疗冠状动脉病变的作用,提出IVIG是治疗川崎病(KD)预防CAD的首选药物。IVIG使用的最佳剂量为1～2g/kg·次×1次;最佳用药时间为≤7天,当CAD发生时间早、损伤程度轻时,IVIG剂量、时间、疗程适当就可能具有治疗CAD的作用。     

942例川崎病的临床分析

目的总结川崎病（Kawasaki disease,KD）的临床特征,探讨KD预后与治疗的关系。方法回顾性分析2000年1月—2004年12月期间942例住院KD患儿的临床资料：（1）比较典型KD与不完全性KD（incomplete KD）的临床特征;（2）总结KD对静脉注射免疫球蛋白（intravenous immune globulin,IVIG）治疗无反应的影响因素;（3）随访观察其中的510例KD患儿,比较IVIG 1g／kg和2g／kg治疗的远期疗效。结果（1）942例中,典型KD774例,不完全性KD168例。不完全性KD冠状动脉病变（coronary artery lesion,CAL）发生率较高（P〈0．05）,除肛周脱屑外,其他临床症状发生较少,出现较晚（P〈0．05或0．01）;（2）与IVIG治疗反应敏感组比较,IVIG治疗无反应组的发热时间较长,血红蛋白（Hb）、白蛋白（ALB）、血细胞比容（Hct）及血小板（PLT）较低（P〈0．05或0．01）;（3）WIG 1g／kg和2g／kg治疗组在KD发病后2年内,CAL的恢复率及新发生率,两组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论（1）不完全性KD的CAL发生率较高,肛周脱屑可以作为不完全性KD的早期诊断依据之一;（2）急性期发热时间较长,PLT无升高及Hb、Hct、ALB持续降低是IVIG治疗无反应的影响因素;（3）IVIG 1g／kg和2g／kg治疗KD的疗效在KD发病后2年内相似。     

静脉注射不同剂量丙种球蛋白治疗川崎病的临床研究

目的 评价静脉注射丙种球蛋白（intravenous immune globulin,IVIG）1g／kg单次静脉注射治疗川崎病（Kawasaki disease,KD）的临床效果。方法 242例KD患儿随机分为IVIG1s／kg组与IVIG 2g／kg组,对两种治疗方法的疗效进行前瞻性对比研究。分别采用IVIG 1g／kg和2s／kg单次静脉注射,观察患儿总热程、退热时间、黏膜充血、手足肿胀和颈淋巴结肿大消退时间,监测外周血白细胞计数（white blood cells count,WBC）、血小板计数（platelet count,PLT）、血清丙种球蛋白（immunoglobulin,Ig）、C反应蛋白（Creacting protein,CRP）、血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、心电图（electrocardiogram,ECG）和冠状动脉病变（coronary artery lesion,CAL）恢复情况,并对治疗前后组内结果、治疗后组间结果进行比较。结果 IVIG 1g／kg组平均热程为10．6d,WBC、PLT、CRP、ESR及ECG异常率与治疗前比较显著降低（P〈0．001）,IVIG1g／kg组与IVIG2g／kg组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。WIG1g／kg组CAL发生率为29．5％（36／122）,随访1年有87．5％的CAL恢复正常,12．5％未能恢复正常,其中9．4％为IVIG耐药病例;IVIG2g／kg组CAL发生率为24．2％（29／120例）,随访1年有89．3％的CAL恢复正常,10．7％未能恢复正常,均为IVIG耐药病例,两组比较,差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 IVIG1g／kg单次静脉注射治疗KD,可有效缓解临床症状,减低CAL发生率,减轻心血管系统损害,与IVIG2g／kg比较具有同样的近期和远期治疗效果。     

川崎病并冠状动脉损害的危险因素

目的探讨川崎病(KD)并冠状动脉损害(CAL)的危险因素。方法收集1999年1月-2001年12月住院的145例KD患儿的临床资料,分析无CAL93例和CAL52例患儿的实验室检查资料及治疗、随访结果。结果无CAL组发热日程(8.7±3.4)d.血沉(79.5±34.6)mm/1h,CAL组发热日程(11.5±4.8)d,血沉(91.9±36.6)mm/1h,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01,0.05)。发病10d内接受静脉注射人血丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗患儿CAL发生率为18.8%(18/96),未予IVIG治疗患儿CAL发生率为69.4%(34/49),两者比较差异有显著性(P<0.001)。随访并CAL患儿38例,冠状动脉扩张20例均恢复正常;14例冠状动脉瘤中12例恢复正常,2例缩小;4例巨大冠状动脉瘤2例缩小,另2例超过2年仍未恢复。结论KD并CAL与热程过长及血沉显著增快密切相关,病程早期未予IVIG治疗的患儿并CAL的危险性明显增高,应用IVIG治疗对防治冠状动脉损害有重要作用。     

静脉注射免疫球蛋白无反应型川崎病预测评分系统研究进展

静脉注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIG)是国际公认的川崎病(Kawasaki disease, KD)急性期主要治疗手段, 其应用可有效降低冠状动脉病变(coronary artery lesions, CAL)发生率。但在临床中, 有高达26.8%的KD患儿对IVIG治疗无反应, 且其发生CAL的风险更高, 程度更重。对于具有IVIG无反应高风险的急性KD患者, 及早调整治疗方案, 如早期联合应用糖皮质激素等治疗, 可能对改善预后、缩短病程起到重要作用。因此, 早期识别IVIG无反应型KD对临床医生具有重要意义。近20年来, 国内外学者相继建立预测评分系统, 以预估KD患儿IVIG无反应发生的可能性, 优化早期治疗方案。该文对IVIG无反应型KD预测评分系统的国内外研究进行综述, 以期为临床诊治提供参考。     

静脉丙种球蛋白无反应性川崎病的治疗及危险因素分析

目的探讨首次丙种球蛋白静脉注射(IVIG)无反应性川崎病(KD)的发生率及危险因素,及其再治疗方法的选择。 方法总结2000—2004年北京45家医院KD患儿的临床资料,IVIG无反应性定义为首次IVIG治疗36h后体温仍超过38.5℃。 结果1107例患儿纳入研究对象,1092例有急性期治疗资料,1052例(96.3%)接受IVIG治疗,135例对首次IVIG治疗无反应,发生率12.8%(135/1052)。Logistic回归分析发现血沉、GPT、WBC、发病至用IVIG的时间、血浆白蛋白及IVIG治疗剂量,是IVIG无反应性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。对IVIG无反应者8例给第2剂2g/kg IVIG,5例热退;114例给1g/kg剂量IVIG治疗,35例(30.7%)热退;11例给400~600mg/kg IVIG,1例(9.1%)热退;2例给糖皮质激素,2例均热退。4种再治疗方法间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。第2剂2g/kg IVIG治疗较其它再治疗所需进一步IVIG或激素治疗次数少,体温恢复快。 结论约12.8%KD患儿对初次IVIG治疗无反应。血沉、WBC和GPT、血浆白蛋白、IVIG使用方法及起病至用IVIG的时间,是IVIG无反应的独立危险因素。对初次IVIG无反应患儿推荐使用第2剂2g/kgIVIG,对2次2g/kg IVIG治疗仍无效者可以选用糖皮质激素治疗。     

A randomized prospective study on the use of 2 g-IVIG or 1 g-IVIG as therapy for Kawasaki disease

A single, 2 g/kg dose of immune globulin (IG), denoted 2 g-intravenous (IV)IG, has become a standard regimen for treating Kawasaki disease (KD) because of its highly preventive effect on coronary arterial lesions (CAL). However, IG is obtained from blood specimens, a drawback to many patients, and is also very expensive. This randomized prospective study reported here was carried out with the aim of developing a treatment regimen that would reduce the total dose of IG. The study tested two protocols (A: 2 g-IVIG; B: 1 g-IVIG) that included the strategy of administering additional IVIG to IVIG-resistant patients based on the criteria we described previously. In protocol A, an additional 2 g-IVIG was administered only once; in protocol B, the first additional IVIG was 1 g-IVIG and the second was 2 g-IVIG. One hundred and nine patients who were admitted before the seventh day of illness and had no CAL at the time of admission were enrolled in the study (protocol A: 54 patients; B: 55 patients). In the protocol A group, 7.4% (4/54) of the patients received 4 g/kg IG. In protocol B, 41.8% (23/55) were treated only with 1 g/kg IG, and 10.9% (6/55) received 4 g/kg IG. No significant differences were observed between the patients of the two subgroups receiving 4 g/kg IG in each protocol group. Discriminate analysis also suggested that 52.4% of the patients in the protocol A group could be treated only with 1 g/kg IG. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of aneurysms between patients in the protocol A group (1/54) and those in the protocol B group (4/55). Our protocol based on 1 g-IVIG, including additional IVIG, was assessed to be an effective treatment and to provide a considerably useful means to reduce the total dose of IG.     

���������򵰰��޷�Ӧ�Դ��鲡�����Ƽ�Σ�����ط���

目的探讨首次丙种球蛋白静脉注射(IVIG)无反应性川崎病(KD)的发生率及危险因素,及其再治疗方法的选择。方法总结2000—2004年北京45家医院KD患儿的临床资料,IVIG无反应性定义为首次IVIG治疗36h后体温仍超过38·5℃。结果1107例患儿纳入研究对象,1092例有急性期治疗资料,1052例(96·3%)接受IVIG治疗,135例对首次IVIG治疗无反应,发生率12·8%(135/1052)。Logistic回归分析发现血沉、GPT、WBC、发病至用IVIG的时间、血浆白蛋白及IVIG治疗剂量,是IVIG无反应性的独立危险因素(P<0·05)。对IVIG无反应者8例给第2剂2g/kg IVIG,5例热退;114例给1g/kg剂量IVIG治疗,35例(30·7%)热退;11例给400~600mg/kg IVIG,1例(9·1%)热退;2例给糖皮质激素,2例均热退。4种再治疗方法间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0·015)。第2剂2g/kg IVIG治疗较其它再治疗所需进一步IVIG或激素治疗次数少,体温恢复快。结论约12·8%KD患儿对初次IVIG治疗无反应。血沉、WBC和GPT、血浆白蛋白、IVIG使用方法及起病至用IVIG的时间,是IVIG无反应的独立危险因素。对初次IVIG无反应患儿推荐使用第2剂2g/kgIVIG,对2次2g/kgIVIG治疗仍无效者可以选用糖皮质激素治疗。     

Epidemiologic study of Kawasaki disease at a single hospital in Daejeon, Korea (1987 through 2000)

PURPOSE: We evaluated the epidemiology and a range of clinical characteristics in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) in one area of South Korea. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 506 medical records of children with KD, who were admitted at Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from January 1987 through December 2000. RESULTS: The mean annual frequency was 36.1 +/- 11.1 cases per year. There were 55 cases (10.9%) in 1993, 50 cases (9.9%) in 1994 and 47 cases (9.3%) in 2000. There was a slightly higher occurrence in summer with no significant difference in seasonal frequency. Age distribution ranged from 2 months to 13 years of age (mean, 2.4 +/- 1.7 years) and 485 children (95.8%) were <5 years of age. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Of the total cases 0.6% was recurrent, whereas 0.4% occurred between siblings. There were no fatalities. For treatment aspirin alone (65 cases, 12.8%), divided dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (400 to 500 mg/day for 4 to 5 days, 231 cases, 45.7%) and one dose IVIG (2.0 g/kg, 210 cases, 41.5%) were used. Between 1996 and 2000, 143 cases were treated with only one dose IVIG, and 21 cases (14.7%) showed coronary artery lesions (CAL). Among the 143 cases 22 cases (15.4%) were retreated with IVIG and/or steroid pulse therapy. The incidence of CAL in this group was 50.0%. CONCLUSION: In Daejeon, Korea, KD showed slight annual variations without seasonal differences. The rate of CAL in acute stage with one dose IVIG therapy (2 g/kg) was 8.3% in the IVIG responders.     

川崎病患儿血清MMP-9与TIMP-1质量浓度变化及其临床意义

目的探讨川崎病(KD)患儿血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其特异性组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)质量浓度的变化在预测发生冠状动脉病变(CAL)风险中的临床意义。方法观察组为2003~2004年在四川大学华西第二医院与四川省人民医院住院的KD患儿32例,静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)前后各抽取患儿外周静脉血1次,同时抽取20名正常体检儿童(正常对照组)外周静脉血。ELISA双抗体法测定血清MMP-9与TIMP-1质量浓度。用二维超声心动图观察心脏冠状动脉病变。结果观察组患儿急性期血清MMP-9、TIMP-1质量浓度及MMP-9/TIMP-1比值均较正常对照组儿童显著增高(P<0.01);IVIG干预前CAL组患儿血清MMP-9质量浓度及血清MMP-9/TIMP-1显著地高于非CAL组患儿(P<0.01);IVIG干预后观察组患儿血清MMP-9质量浓度与MMP-9/TIMP-1显著降低(P<0.01);IVIG干预后CAL组患儿血清MMP-9质量浓度及血清MMP-9/TIMP-1仍显著高于非CAL组患儿(P<0.05),而后者MMP-9/TIMP-1基本降至正常儿童水平;观察组患儿血清TIMP-1质量浓度在IVIG干预前后无显著变化。结论MMP-9与TIMP-1可作为KD合并CAL的一种关联因素,动态监测血清MMP-9质量浓度和(或)MMP-9/TIMP-1比值对预测KD并发CAL具有较重要临床意义。     

Steroid pulse therapy for Kawasaki disease unresponsive to additional immunoglobulin therapy

BACKGROUND:

The optimal management of Kawasaki disease (KD) unresponsive to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) therapy in KD cases unresponsive to additional IVIG.

METHODS:

KD patients who initially received IVIG (2 g/kg/24 h) and acetylsalicylic acid within nine days after disease onset were studied. Patients who did not respond received additional IVIG (2 g/kg/24 h), and those who still did not respond were given IVMP (30 mg/kg/day) for three days, followed by oral prednisolone. The response to treatment, echocardiographic findings and adverse effects were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Among 412 KD cases, 74 (18.0%) were treated with additional IVIG; 21 (28.4%) of the latter cases subsequently received IVMP followed by prednisolone. All cases became afebrile soon after IVMP infusion and did not have a high-grade fever during treatment with prednisolone for two to six weeks. Four weeks after disease onset, coronary artery lesions (CAL) were diagnosed according to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare or the American Heart Association criteria in two of the 21 cases treated with IVMP plus prednisolone; among all 412 cases, three (0.7%) and eight (1.9%) had CAL according to each criteria, respectively. All CAL regressed completely one year after disease onset. Adverse effects of IVMP, such as hypothermia and sinus bradycardia, resolved spontaneously.

CONCLUSIONS:

In KD patients unresponsive to additional IVIG, IVMP promptly induced defervescence, and subsequent oral prednisolone suppressed recurrence of fever. IVMP followed by prednisolone therapy may prevent CAL, without severe adverse effects.     

Intravenous immune globulin plus corticosteroids in refractory Kawasaki disease

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of i.v. immune globulin (IVIG) therapy combined with corticosteroids for additional treatment of acute Kawasaki disease (KD) unresponsive to initial IVIG treatment. Methods: In 50 prospective KD patients, six IVIG non‐responders without clinical improvement within 24–48 h after completion of initial IVIG, received 2 g/kg IVIG concurrently with 2 mg/kg i.v. prednisolone sodium succinate (PSL) until normalization of C‐reactive protein level. Treatment was then changed to oral PSL, which was tapered over time. Clinical and coronary artery lesion (CAL) outcomes were compared with those of 13 IVIG non‐responders who received additional heterogeneous therapies in 125 retrospective KD patients. In addition, the scoring system of Kobayashi et al. for prediction of non‐responsiveness to initial IVIG treatment was retrospectively verified in 175 KD subjects, consisting of 50 prospective and 125 retrospective patients in order to evaluate the efficacy of the re‐treatment regimen. Results: Incidence of CAL in the study patients was lower than in the control patients, although differences were not significant both in the acute stage (within 1 month: 1/6, 16.7% vs 7/13, 53.8%; P= 0.177) and in the convalescent stage (after 1 month: 0/6, 0.0% vs 4/13, 30.8%; P= 0.255). According to the non‐responder prediction system, the scores of six study and 13 control patients before initial IVIG treatment were similar (7.2 ± 1.9 vs 5.3 ± 3.1; P= 0.200). No serious adverse effects related to each treatment were noted in patients of either group. Conclusions: Additional IVIG combined with concurrent PSL appears to be safe and worth evaluation for the treatment of acute KD unresponsive to initial IVIG treatment.