严重急性呼吸综合征患者淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化及意义

目的　了解成人严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者淋巴细胞亚群的改变对疾病的发生、发展及预后的影响。方法　依据卫生部颁发的传染性非典型肺炎临床诊断标准及预后将 2 0 6例SARS患者分为 3组 :即非重症组 13 3例、重症存活组 50例、重症死亡组 2 3例 ,用流式细胞仪进行淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+淋巴细胞的动态检测。建立数据库并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果　SARS患者CD4+、CD8+、CD19+淋巴细胞计数均值分别是非重症组 >重症存活组 >重症死亡组 ,组间比较均P <0 .0 5。CD16+均值非重症组与重症存活组比较P >0 .0 5,两组与死亡组比较均P <0 .0 1。通过对CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+淋巴细胞计数动态观察 ,发现非重症组与重症存活组随病程CD4+、CD8+先下降后上升 ,CD19+随病程逐渐上升 ,CD 16+在发病早期有短暂的升高 ,然后波动在正常范围内。重症死亡组CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+在发病初期即处于较低水平 ,发病 15d后CD4+、CD8+、CD19+仍持续低水平 ,而CD16+随病程呈持续性降低。结论　成人SARS患者有明显的细胞免疫损伤 ,其淋巴细胞亚群的改变与临床分型及预后相关 ,对预后判断有一定的指导意义。SARS患者CD4+、CD8+淋巴细胞计数在发病初期是降低的 ,非重症组、重症存活组发病 9～15d是最     

艾滋病合并结核杆菌感染临床特征与T细胞亚群的相关性分析

目的 探讨艾滋病（AIDS）合并结核杆菌（TB）感染临床表现为肺结核、淋巴结结核时，患者T淋巴细胞亚群计数的差异及意义。方法 33例AIDS合并TB感染患者，临床表现分别为肺结核、淋巴结结核、肺结核与淋巴结结核并存，分别检测其T淋巴细胞亚群水平并进行两两比较。结果 不同临床表现患者CD3^＋、CD8^＋、CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数比较均有明显差异，肺结核患者明显高于淋巴结结核患者（P〈0.01）。结论 AIDS合并TB感染患者临床特征与其T淋巴细胞亚群计数相关。     

外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和基质金属蛋白酶-9可预测慢性心力衰竭发生肺部感染

摘要 目的：探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平在慢性心力衰竭合并肺部感染患者中的变化情况。方法：选择2017年1月-2019年6月空军军医大学第一附属医院治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者360例,根据检查结果分为感染组（156例）和未感染组（204例）,比较2组实验室检查指标;多因素logistic回归分析慢性心力衰竭患者合并肺部感染的危险因素;Spearman相关性分析左心室射血分数值（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、N末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)与T淋巴细胞亚群、MMP-9间的相关性;通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线探讨T淋巴细胞亚群及MMP-9对评估慢性心力衰竭患者发生肺部感染的最佳临界值。 结果：感染组白细胞计数、LVEDD、NT-proBNP、MMP-9水平和CD8+T淋巴细胞比例高于未感染组,而LVEF、CD4+T淋巴细胞比例和CD4+/CD8+比值显著低于未感染组（P均<0.05）。LVEF＜46.00%、LVEDD≥53.50mm、NT-proBNP≥580.00pg/mL、MMP-9≥155.00μg/L、CD4+T淋巴细胞＜28.00%、CD8+T淋巴细胞≥21.00 % 和CD4+/CD8+＜1.35为慢性心力衰竭患者合并肺部感染的独立危险因素（P均＜0.05）。患者CD4+T淋巴细胞比例及CD4+/CD8+比值与LVEF呈正相关;与LVEDD和 NT-proBNP水平呈负相关（P均<0.05）,MMP-9水平和CD8+T淋巴细胞与LVEF呈负相关;与LVEDD和 NT-proBNP水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。MMP-9、CD4+/CD8+比值预测慢性心力衰竭患者发生肺部感染的最佳临界值分别为161.27μg/L、1.41。 结论：合并肺部感染的慢性心力衰竭患者免疫功能下降,MMP-9水平升高,T淋巴细胞亚群和MMP-9的水平变化能在一定程度上反映心功能状态和疾病严重程度,并可用作预测肺部感染发生的辅助指标。     

腹型过敏性紫癜患儿幽门螺杆菌感染与消化道出血的关系及相关因素探讨

目的 探究腹型过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿幽门螺杆菌(H. pylori)感染与消化道出血的关系及相关因素。方法 回顾性选取2017年3月至2020年3月辽宁省健康产业集团阜新矿总医院儿科收治的102例腹型HSP患儿并分为消化道出血组(n=104)和非消化道出血组n=128),对比两组H. pylori感染情况及H. pylori分型、肠道菌群、炎症细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果 消化道出血组的Ⅰ型H. pylori感染率高于非消化道出血组(P<0.05);消化道出血组的乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量及外周血CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平低于非消化道出血组,大肠杆菌数量及血清白介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均高于非消化道出血组(P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析,Ⅰ型HP感染、双歧杆菌数量、血清TNF-α水平、外周血CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平是腹型HSP患儿发生消化道出血的影响因素(P均<0.0...     

肾综合征出血热患者淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化

目的 研究肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者病程不同阶段以及不同病情T、B、NK淋巴细胞亚群的变化,进一步揭示本病的发病机制.方法 入选22例确诊HFRS患者,其中轻型9例,中型13例,使用流式细胞技术检测发病1、4、12周时淋巴细胞亚群.56例健康献血员作为正常对照组.将疾病不同阶段与对照组及轻、中型患者之间进行比较分析.结果 在本研究观察的12周中,患者B细胞计数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;而NK细胞计数起病1周时有显著下降(P<0.01),在4周时迅速恢复.本研究中HFRS患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,但在发病1、4周时记忆表型的CD+4CD45RA-T淋巴细胞比例增高(P<0.01),分别达到(64.1±17.5)%、(59.9±10.1)%,在12周时恢复正常.CD+4CD+28T淋巴细胞功能亚群无显著变化.CD+8T淋巴细胞计数在发病1、4周时有明显增高,12周恢复正常.CD+8CD-28T淋巴细胞计数有显著增高(P<0.05),且在轻型患者中这种变化更迅速、显著.与正常对照组相比,CD+38或HLA-DR+的CD+8T淋巴细胞激活亚群在发病1、4周时也有明显增高(P<0.01).结论 细胞免疫与HFRS有密切的关系,早期细胞毒效应T细胞及时有效的应答能清除病毒,减轻病情.     

初诊老年急性髓系白血病淋巴细胞亚群分布特点及其与预后的相关性

目的:探讨外周血淋巴细胞亚群与初诊急性髓系白血病(AML,非M3)患者预后的关系。方法:纳入66例初诊AML患者,采用DCAG方案诱导治疗。回顾性分析患者淋巴细胞亚群及临床资料,并分析其与预后的关系。结果:在AML 4种亚型中,淋巴细胞亚群的比例未发现有显著差异。NK细胞比例在达完全缓解(CR)患者中显著高于未达CR的患者(19.05%∶13.63%,P0.05)。白细胞计数、CD3+T细胞绝对计数、CD4+T细胞绝对计数、年龄、初次诱导达CR及FLT3-ITD突变是影响预后的危险因素(P0.05);多因素分析显示,白细胞计数、CD4+/CD8+比值及初次诱导是否达CR是影响预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞亚群分析对AML患者预后评估有较重要意义。     

消化道恶性肿瘤患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化及其对PG-SGA评分的影响

目的通过分析消化道肿瘤患者在化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平、主观全面评价法(PG-SGA)评分的变化及二者之间的相关性,探讨消化道恶性肿瘤患者经过化疗后的免疫功能变化及对患者营养状况的影响。方法对消化道肿瘤患者进行化疗,分别于化疗前和化疗后对不同疗效的患者进行外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平检测和PG-SGA评估,同时对化疗前后患者的PG-SGA评分和T淋巴细胞亚群水平进行相关性分析。结果所有患者治疗的缓解率为43.3%,经过4个疗程化疗后,化疗后各疗效组患者外周血CD3^+和CD8^+ T细胞水平较化疗前显著升高,化疗后CD4^+/CD8^+较化疗前显著降低。化疗后患者的PG-SGA评分较化疗前显著增加。患者在化疗前和化疗后PG-SGA评分和外周血CD3^+和CD4^+T淋巴细胞亚群水平及CD4^+/CD8^+呈显著负相关。结论 T淋巴细胞亚群水平能够影响到胃肠道肿瘤患者的营养状况。     

传染病寄生虫病

20042029 SARS患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测的意义/沈芳…/中国实验诊断学一2003,7(6)一472一474 用流式细胞术对7例SARS患者的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行系列检测,并选择27名HIV感染者、5名急性腮腺炎和7名麻疹患者作疾病对照,另选20名健康者作正常对照.结果:SARS患者CD3、CD4和CDS绝对数显著低于疾病对照和正常对照;但CD4百分率偏高、CDS百分率偏低,CD4/cD8比值显著高于疾病对照组.疾病日期与T淋巴细胞亚群结果密切正相关。另外,SARS患者CD3’CD4℃DS‘淋巴细胞百分率明显增高。SARS患者T淋巴细胞水平低下.表3参10(曾一…     

云南地区HIV/AIDS患者合并深部真菌感染的类型及免疫学特征分析

目的分析云南地区近5年HIV/AIDS患者合并深部真菌感染的类型与免疫学特征。方法采集住院HIV/AIDS患者送检血液、脑脊液、骨髓、痰及脓液等标本进行菌种的培养及鉴定,用流式细胞技术检测合并深部真菌感染的HIV患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 645例合并深部真菌感染的HIV/AIDS中分离出菌株702株,共11种,包括念珠菌304株(占43.3%),马尔尼菲篮状菌231株(占32.91%),新型隐球菌151株(占21.51%)。不同感染类型患者的CD4~+T淋巴细胞水平比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=77.414,P0.01)。合并马尔尼菲篮状菌和新型隐球菌感染者的CD8~+T淋巴细胞水平比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.624,P0.01)、马尔尼菲篮状菌与念珠菌感染的患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞水平比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.161,P0.01)。HIV/AIDS患者合并感染真菌种类与CD4~+T/CD8~+T水平具有相关关系(χ~2=45.013,P0.01)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者易合并深部真菌感染,且不同菌种感染者的T淋巴细胞亚群构成不同。应根据艾滋病患者CD4~+、CD8~+ T淋巴细胞计数及CD4~+T/CD8~+T比值变化,进行治疗以降低病死率。     

外周血淋巴细胞亚群在慢性HBV感染过程中表达的变化分析

目的探讨HBV感染患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群在疾病进展过程中的表达变化。方法选取2018年1月-2019年4月在天津市第二人民医院住院的慢性HBV感染患者共132例,其中慢性乙型肝炎患者47例,乙型肝炎肝硬化患者44例,乙型肝炎肝硬化相关原发性肝癌患者41例。另选取同期健康体检者42例作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测4组外周血淋巴细胞亚群精准计数,比较4组外周血淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平。正态分布的计量资料,组间方差不齐采用Welch方差分析,两两比较采用GamesHowell检验。非正态分布的计量资料多组间及进一步两两比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。相关性分析采用Spearman检验。结果与对照组和慢性乙型肝炎组相比,肝硬化组和肝癌组CD3^+、CD4^+T淋巴细胞数量明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。与对照组相比,肝癌组CD8^+T淋巴细胞数量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与慢性乙型肝炎组相比,肝硬化组和肝癌组CD8^+T淋巴细胞数量明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。与对照组和慢性乙型肝炎组相比,肝硬化组和肝癌组CD19^+B淋巴细胞数量明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。与对照组相比,肝硬化组和肝癌组CD16^+CD56^+NK细胞数量明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);与慢性乙型肝炎组比较,肝癌组CD16^+CD56^+NK细胞数量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组疾病进展与外周血CD3^+T淋巴细胞、CD4^+T淋巴细胞、CD8^+T淋巴细胞、CD19^+B淋巴细胞、CD16^+CD56^+NK细胞呈明显负相关(r值分别为-0.414、-0.503、-0.269、-0.435、-0.402,P值均<0.01)。结论随着疾病的进展,慢性HBV感染患者免疫状态发生变化。外周血淋巴细胞亚群精准计数能够反应机体的免疫状态,可作为慢性HBV感染临床病情演变、治疗效果及疾病预后的参考依据。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.