细胞因子在髌下脂肪垫损伤动物模型中的变化

髌下脂肪垫损伤的病理基础是反复发作的慢性损伤以及脂肪垫夹挤和撞击引起的脂肪垫增生和炎症。本研究通过建立家兔膑下脂肪垫和滑膜损伤的模型,观察细胞因子ＩＬ－１β,ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦ的水平变化,以探讨它们在发病机制中的作用。方法：应用水囊压迫兔膑下脂肪垫,水囊内压力保持３３０－３４０ｍｍＨｇ,配合膝关节屈伸运动,每天２小时,压迫７天后,于对照组与损伤组关节腔内注入０．５ｍｌ生理盐水进行冲洗后,对关节冲洗液     

NPY与TMD患者关节源性疼痛关系

目的:探讨TMD患者关节液中NPY的水平与关节源性疼痛的关系。方法:用放射免疫测定法检测TMD患者的 126侧关节和健康志愿者的 32侧关节的关节液标本中NPY的含量。患者的关节液标本分为疼痛组(n=90)和无痛组(n=36); 32名正常志愿者的 32侧关节液设为对照组 (n=32)。结果:关节液中NPY含量:疼痛组 133. 5±46. 7pg/ml,无痛组 99. 7±25. 9pg/ml,对照组83. 3±28. 4pg/ml。统计学检验各组间比较均有显著性差异 (P<0. 05 )。结论:患者关节液中NPY水平,疼痛组显著高于无痛组,表明患者关节内存在炎症反应,关节疼痛与关节液中NPY的水平增高密切相关。     

病毒性肝炎患者血胃动素、胃泌素检测的临床意义

目的∶探讨胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GSR)与病毒性肝炎的关系.方法用免疫放射法对30例急性肝炎、25例慢性肝炎、10例重型肝炎患者及30例正常人的血MTL及GSR进行检测.结果正常组血浆MTL高于急性、慢性及重型肝炎组,分别为(333.65±124.34)pg/ml,(251.15±151.15)pg/ml,(229.00±933.90)pg/ml及(189.06±88.34)pg/ml,重型肝炎组血浆MTL低于急性及慢性肝炎组,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01),正常组血清GSR高于急性、慢性及重型肝炎组,分别为(160.17±40.39)pg/ml,(118.44±71.76)pg/ml,(124.96±58.16)pg/ml及(83.59±36.69)pg/ml,重型肝炎组血清GSR低于急性及慢性肝炎组,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论血MTL和GSR与肝细胞炎症和坏死有密切的关系,分析两者有助于了解肝炎的病情及预后.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与左心功能不全关系探讨

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)与左心功能不全的关系,及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对血浆内皮素(ET)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的影响.方法16例未能明确病因的左心衰患者行全夜睡眠监测及16例经多导睡眠图确诊的单纯OSAS患者,16名健康正常人应用放免法测定血浆内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP).结果①左心衰合并OSAS组打鼾年限26.4a±11.0a,明显长于单纯OSAS组16.2a±8.7a(P＜0.05),且呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)39.07±21.2、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)61.02s±12.0s明显高于单纯OSAS组AHI21.11±10.23、LAT49.41s±11.2s(P＜0.05).②左心衰合并OSAS组血浆ET126.57pg/ml±55.99pg/ml,CGRP315.52pg/ml±157.18pg/ml明显高于单纯OSAS组ET73.77pg/ml±9.20pg/ml、CGRP63.35pg/ml±53.95pg/ml(P＜0.05),单纯OSAS组血浆ET明显高于健康对照ET53.14pg/ml±6.23pg/ml(P＜0.001),OSAS组血浆CGRP水平与健康对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05).③打鼾年限与各组AHI正相关(r＝0.795,P＜0.05);AHI、LAT与血浆ET正相关(r＝0.58～0.61,P＜0.05).结论OSAS患者随病程的延长、病情的加重,可以导致左心衰;因夜间周期性缺氧和神经分泌异常,使血浆ET升高,可能是OSAS导致左心衰重要发生机制之一.     

冠心病、高血压患者血浆P物质水平的临床观察

方法 选择符合WHO诊断标准的急性心肌梗塞(AMI)20例,心绞痛(AP)30例,高血压病(EH)30例,应用放射免疫分析法动态观察血浆P物质(SP)含量变化,并以30例正常人作对照。结果冠心病(CHD)对照组SP水平为126.99±15.96pg/ml,AMI组发病第1天SP含量为62.85±16.76pg/ml,显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。发病第7天开始升高为72.60±15.20pg/ml,第21天趋于正常,为110.10±27.95pg/ml,与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。AP组心绞痛发作期SP含量为48.38±12.92pg/ml,显著低于对照组(P<0.001),经治疗2周症状缓解后复查血浆SP含量升高至78.70±9.15pg/ml,前后比较有显著差异(P<0.001)。EH组SP含量为59.75±17.89pg/ml,明显低于对照组(126.99±15.96pg/ml,P<0.001),EH的病情越严重,血浆SP的含量降低越明显。结论 循环血中SP含量不足可能是引发CHD、EH的重要因素之一;SP参与了CHD及EH的发病机理及病理生理过程。     

电针足三里对大鼠脑肠肽含量的影响及神经免疫调控作用

背景针刺对红细胞免疫和T细胞亚群均有正向调节作用,但其机制尚未完全阐明.目的探讨免疫系统在针刺治疗相关疾病中的调控作用及可能的机制.设计随机对照实验研究.地点和对象实验地点解放军第四军医大学唐都医院消化内科实验室.将SD大鼠40只随机分成正常对照组、非经非穴组、免疫抑制组、足三里组、足三里+免疫抑制组(n=8).干预应用放射免疫法测定脑垂体和外周血P物质放免活性(ir-SP)和血管活性肠肽放免活性(ir-VIP)含量的变化;应用流式细胞仪技术,通过微量全血直接免疫荧光染色法测定外周血T细胞亚群以反映细胞免疫功能;应用红细胞C3b受体-酵母菌花环试验和红细胞-IC花环试验检测红细胞免疫功能.主要观察指标各组大鼠的ir-SP和ir-VIP含量;T细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能的变化.结果足三里组大鼠外周血和脑垂体中P物质(substance P,SP)、血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)含量[外周血SP(591.83±142.59)pg/L,VIP(92.05±22.11)pg/L;脑垂体SP(47.00±9.12)pg/L,VIP(308.36±34.16)pg/L、T4(CD4+)细胞百分率[(65.55±8.42)%]、C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)[(15.88±2.99)%]、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)[(12.14±1.22)%]明显高于正常对照组[(569.36±8,04)pg/L,(20.45±6.74)pg/L,(27.86±7.67)pg/L,(236.71±22.83)pg/L,(43.06±3.14)%,(8.63±2.13)%,(6.75±2.32)%](P均＜0.01);且CD4+与外周血和脑垂体中P物质、血管活性肠肽含量的变化(r=0.744,P＜0.05;r=0.738,P＜0.05;r=0.822,P＜0.05r=0.848,P＜0.05)、CD4+与C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)呈显著正相关(r=0.719,P＜0.05).免疫抑制组外周血和脑垂体中SP,VIP含量均下降,与正常对照组相比有统计学差异(P＜0.01),T4(CD4+)细胞百分率[(34.50±2.52)%]、C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)[(5.25±1.17)%]明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论针刺治疗可以提高机体免疫力,其机制可能与相应脑肠肽合成和释放增多有关,通过这些免疫递质对神经-内分泌-免疫调节网络发挥作用.     

美沙拉嗪联合甘露聚糖肽治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效分析

目的：探讨美沙拉嗪联合甘露聚糖肽治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法：选取2017年11月~2018年11月收治的88例溃疡性结肠炎患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各44例。对照组给予美沙拉嗪治疗,观察组在对照组基础上使用甘露聚糖肽治疗,两组均治疗1个月,比较两组患者疗效及炎症介质[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）]水平。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为93.18%,显著高于对照组的77.27%（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-8及IL-6水平分别为（38.99±16.79） pg/ml、（0.24±0.04） ng/ml、（94.36±10.76） ng/ml,均低于对照组的（62.63±20.47） pg/ml、（0.73±0.31） ng/ml、（130.67±16.88） ng/ml（P＜0.05）。结论：美沙拉嗪联合甘露聚糖肽治疗可降低溃疡性结肠炎患者炎症介质水平,提高治疗效果。     

中药内服外敷联合西药治疗膝骨关节炎寒湿阻络证疗效观察

目的：探讨膝骨关节炎寒湿阻络症患者应用中药内服外敷联合西药治疗的临床疗效。 方法：选取 2019 年 1 月 ~2020 年 3 月收治的 88 例膝骨关节炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各 44 例。 对照组采用西药治疗,观察组给予西药联合 中药内服外敷治疗。 治疗 1 个月后,对比两组临床疗效、疼痛程度（视觉模拟评分法评分）、膝关节功能评分及炎症介质水平（白细 胞介素 -1茁 和肿瘤坏死因子 -琢 ）。 结果：观察组临床治疗总有效率为 95.45% ,高于对照组的 79.55% （ P ＜0.05 ）。 治疗 1 个月后疼痛 评分（ 2.05±0.28 ）分、白细胞介素 -1茁 （ 28.78±3.48 ） pg/ml 、肿瘤坏死因子 -琢 （ 15.14±4.22 ） pg/ml ,低于对照组的（ 3.02±0.47 ）分、 （ 31.16±4.21 ） pg/ml 、（ 19.38±5.40 ） pg/ml （ P ＜0.05 ）; Lysholm 膝关节功能评分（ 84.65±6.58 ）分,高于对照组的（ 74.36±6.09 ）分,差 异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05 ）。结论：膝骨关节炎寒湿阻络证患者应用中药内服外敷联合西药治疗效果较佳,对减轻疼痛和炎症反应、 改善膝关节功能具有积极作用,利于患者预后。     

降钙素基因相关肽对高血压病患者血管平滑肌细胞一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的探讨降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对高血压病(EH)患者动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、一氧化氮(NO)产生和细胞增殖的作用.方法对高血压病患者和血压正常者(NT)的动脉VSMC进行培养,分别测定两组VSMC的NO含量、NOS活性、细胞数量和细胞周期,观察高血压病患者VSMC的NO产生和细胞增殖以及CGRP对其的影响.结果①高血压病患者VSMC的NO含量和NOS活性分别为(42.73±6.76)μmol/2.5×106 cells和(0.24±0.05)nmol/min,均显著低于血压正常对照组的(74.52±4.37)μmol/2.5×106 cells和(0.55±0.10)nmol/min,P均＜0.01;细胞数量、细胞周期中的S期百分率和增殖指数(PI)分别为(10.39±1.30)×106个/ml,(35.78±1.0)%和(54.84±1.98)%,均显著高于血压正常对照组的(7.67±0.98)×106个/ml,(28.88±1.07)%和(44.12±1.43)%(P均＜0.01).②在CGRP干预下,高血压病患者VSMC的NO含量和NOS活性均较血压正常对照组为低(P＜0.01);细胞数量、细胞周期中的S期百分率和PI均较血压正常对照组为高(P均＜0.01).③在CGRP干预下,两组VSMC的NO含量和NOS活性均较基础状态显著增加和增强(P＜0.01);两组VSMC的细胞数量、细胞周期中的S期百分率和PI均较基础状态显著减低(P＜0.01).结论高血压病患者VSMC的NOS-NO系统可能存在功能或结构的异常,并对CGRP的反应性降低,这可能是高血压的发病原因之一.     

2型糖尿病血浆神经肽Y及神经降压素的变化与临床意义

目的探讨神经肽Y(NPY)和神经降压素 (NT)在 2型糖尿病 (DM )血浆中含量变化及其临床意义。方法采用放射免疫方法测定 6 0例 2型糖尿病患者血浆中NPY及NT的浓度。结果 2型DM患者血浆NPY的浓度 (2 4 3.2 5±80 .7) pg/mg ,明显高于对照组 (12 0 .82± 2 2 .0 5 ) pg/ml(P <0 .0 1)。NT的浓度 (2 7.96± 15 .2 5 )pg/ml明显低于对照组(10 3.0 6± 17.0 3) pg/ml(P <0 .0 1)对NPY和NT进行相关性分析 ,DM组呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .9985 ,P <0 .0 1) ,对照组无相关性 (r=- 0 .0 78,P >0 .0 5 )。结论NPY及NT对 2型糖尿病的发病机理及并发症有重要意义。对其进一步研究寻找对DM及并发症的防治有重要价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.