输尿管镜碎石术联合体外冲击波碎石治疗较大肾盂结石疗效分析

目的：本研究旨在比较输尿管镜钬激光碎石术或气压弹道碎石术合并体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）与单一使用ESWL两种方法处理较大肾盂结石（2～3cm）的手术效果和并发症。方法：治疗肾盂结石为2～3cm的总共42例患者。被随机分为两组,其中1组为18例,2组为24例。对l组患者首先行钬激光或气压弹道碎石治疗,并于术后置双J管,于2～4周后行ESWL。2组患者,置双J管后行ESWL。3个月后评估两组间结石清除率、并发症和总治疗费用。结果：1组患者中,6例患者（33．3％）行输尿管镜碎石术后,结石被完全击碎,无需继续ESWL处理;7例患者（38．8％）输尿管镜碎石术后需一期ESWL,2例患者（12．5％）术后需二期ESWL,结石才能被完全清除。2组患者一期ESWL成功处理结石为5例（20．8％）,二期ESWL成功处理结石为7例（29．1％）。两组结石清除率,1组明显高于2组（83．3％与50．0％,P〈O．05）。l组输尿管镜手术时间平均为27min,2组输尿管镜置输尿管导管平均用时15min。两组间均未出现严重并发症。两组平均治疗费用分别为3200元和2800元。结论：输尿管镜碎石术联合ESWL治疗肾盂较大结石是一种合理而且有效的治疗方法。     

组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效分析

目的 探讨组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的临床效果.方法 选取2013年11月至2015年12月本院泌尿外科采用组合式输尿管镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗的70例肾和输尿管上段结石患者进行回顾性分析,其中输尿管上段结石患者28例,肾结石42例,在全麻或者脊麻下进行手术治疗.结果 70例患者,手术时间45～ 88 min,平均手术时间(61.4-12.8)min,排石时间2～14d,平均排石时间(8.4±3.9)d,术后72h疼痛程度(VAS)评分2～7分,平均VAS评分(4.04±1.36)分,一次性手术成功碎石62例患者,碎石成功率88.57％(62/70).28例输尿管上段结石患者的手术时间、平均排石时间、术后疼痛发作程度VAS评分均显著的低于肾结石患者(P＜0.05);输尿管上段结石患者的碎石成功率92.86％(26/28)略高于肾结石患者的85.71％(36/42),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石具有较好的临床效果及安全性.     

软镜钬激光治疗上尿路结石的技巧及疗效分析

目的研究输尿管软镜钬激光治疗上尿路结石的操作技巧及疗效分析。 方法选择2014年7月至2015年9月收治的46例输尿管软镜钬激光碎石病例。结石直径10～25 mm。术前常规放置输尿管支架1周,术中输尿管硬镜探查患侧输尿管,导入软镜输送鞘,Olympus F7.5输尿管软镜碎石。若推送鞘无法插入,可直接插入输尿管软镜。术后1 d泌尿系统X线平片(KUB) 检查,了解碎石及输尿管支架情况;术后28 d复查KUB或双肾CT平扫,评估碎石效果。 结果术前常规放置双J管1周后输尿管硬镜探查,可降低输尿管严重损伤的风险,有利于放置较大的软镜输送鞘。低能量、高频率的激光碎石,可将结石粉末化,增加排石率。软镜总进镜成功率95.6% (44/46 ),钬激光碎石成功率95.4%(42/44 ),2例患者无法进镜改经皮肾镜碎石。4周后结石清除率为90.5% (38/42)。3例残余结石经体外碎石后治愈。总的结石清除率为93.2%(41/44)。手术时间60～155 min,平均76 min。无一例发生严重并发症。 结论输尿管软镜钬激光碎石是治疗直径10～25 mm肾和输尿管上段结石的安全有效的方法,也可以作为体外冲击波碎石失败和经皮肾镜碎石术后残留结石的治疗选择。     

Transureteral lithotripsy in pediatric practice

PURPOSE: The present study reviews ureteroscopy intervention for the treatment of ureteral stones in pediatric patients in the last 6 years at three institutions in Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six ureteroscopies were performed in 66 prepubertal patients (mean age 9 years; range 2-15 years) with a male/female ratio of 31/35. Ultrasonography, plain film, or intravenous urography was performed in all cases. The mean stone size was 8 mm (range 5-15 mm). All the interventions were performed under general anesthesia with semirigid ureteroscopes of 8F to 11.5F. The stone was located in the left ureter in 32 patients and in the right in 34 patients. Stones were located in the distal ureter in 59 patients, in the midureter in 5, and in the proximal ureter in 2. Before ureteroscopy, ureteral dilatation with a balloon was done to 12F if necessary. If the calculus could not be removed with the basket (stone.8 mm), lithotripsy using ultrasonic, electrohydraulic (EHL), or pneumatic equipment was performed. RESULTS: Ureteroscopy with an 11.5F, 9F, 8.5F, or 8F ureteroscope were performed in 26, 14, 5, and 21 patients, respectively, and ureteral dilatation was necessary in 23, 0, 0, and 2 cases, respectively. We were unable to introduce the ureteroscope into the ureter in three patients (two boys with an 11.5F ureteroscope and one girl with an 8.5F ureteroscope) with distal ureteral stones. The stones moved to the kidney in four patients. Stone management was with basketing alone in 14, EHL in 3, ultrasonic lithotripsy in 8, and ballistic lithotripsy in 34 patients. The stone-free rate was 88% (58 patients) at 48 hours postprocedure. The complication rate was 23% and included renal colic (1), gross hematuria (11), and pyelonephritis (3). No patient had obvious perforation or stricture of the ureter at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our series demonstrates the high success rate that can be achieved with ureteroscopic removal of ureteral calculi in children. Ureteroscopic treatment, especially with a small-caliber ureteroscope, should be considered the first choice for treatment of calculi in the distal ureter in children.     

结石CT值测定联合输尿管软镜治疗大负荷肾结石

目的探讨输尿管软镜下单次碎石治疗CT值≤800 HU、直径≥2 cm的肾结石的有效性、安全性和可行性。方法2016年1月~2018年12月我科对30例CT值≤800 HU、直径≥2 cm的肾结石行输尿管软镜下碎石。术前常规放置输尿管支架管2周。全麻后放置输尿管软镜鞘,沿鞘置入F 9.8 Olympus电子输尿管软镜,插入200μm或365μm(结石位于肾盂者)钬激光光纤,钬激光碎石能量设置为1.0 J,频率20~30 Hz,逐步粉碎结石。粉碎后较大结石碎片套石网篮取出。术后留置输尿管支架管1根。结果30例均顺利放置镜鞘并置入输尿管软镜,一次进镜成功率100%。手术时间50~90 min,平均75 min。均无二次手术。28例手术成功,2例术后有残余结石(直径分别为8、10 mm),行体外冲击波碎石术后2~3周排出。5例术后发热,经加强抗炎输液对症处理后,体温降至正常。无输尿管穿孔、出血等并发症。术后住院2~4 d,平均2.4 d。术后随访1年,2例复发,3例发现肾结晶,无特殊处理。结论CT值≤800 HU的大负荷肾结石行输尿管软镜下碎石安全、有效、可行。     

俯卧位双镜联合微通道经皮肾镜同期治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性与安全性

目的:探讨俯卧位输尿管软镜联合微通道经皮肾镜同期治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性与安全性。方法:选取2017年7月至2019年3月于本院就诊的30例复杂性肾结石患者。其中15例患者一期均采取俯卧位输尿管软镜联合微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术(双镜联合组),另外15例采取截石位单一微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗(对照组)。结果:双镜...     

Intracorporeal Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy of Ureteral and Renal Calculi Using Small Caliber (1.9F) Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy Probes

Purpose

The development of 1.9F or smaller electrohydraulic lithotripsy probes has facilitated the use of this form of lithotripsy via miniature rigid and flexible ureteroscopes. We report our experience with ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy using 1.9F electrohydraulic lithotripsy probes.

Materials and Methods

A total of 45 patients (32 ureteral and 57 renal calculi) underwent retrograde rigid (microscopic to 6F short) or flexible (7.5 and 9.4F) ureteroscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy using 1.9F electrohydraulic lithotripsy probes. In 17 patients (38 percent) there were 37 lower pole caliceal calculi (41 percent). Stone size ranged from 3 to 30 mm. (mean 8.5).

Results

Electrohydraulic lithotripsy resulted in successful fragmentation (that is 2 mm. or smaller fragments) in 98 percent of patients overall. It was successful after failure of HM-3 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 10 patients and after failed lithotripsy with the 140 mJ. tunable dye laser in 7. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy resulted in successful fragmentation of 94 percent of lower pole caliceal stones. No intraoperative complications and no significant ureteral or renal mucosal damage were noted. Fever developed postoperatively in 2 patients (4.4 percent) with negative urine cultures. Postoperatively an indwelling stent was placed for 2 weeks or less in 71 percent of patients and no stents were placed due to preoperative stenting in 29 percent. Average hospital stay was 0.8 days (range 0 to 4). Followup imaging in 38 patients (84 percent) at a mean of 8.7 months (range 2 to 28) revealed stone-free rates of 92 percent overall and 87 percent in patients with lower pole renal calculi. No patient had a ureteral or infundibular stricture postoperatively.

Conclusions

The development of 1.9F or smaller electrohydraulic lithotripsy probes provides the urologist with a safe, highly effective and inexpensive method for performing intracorporeal lithotripsy throughout the entire upper urinary tract via rigid or flexible ureteroscopes. Furthermore, for the ureteroscopic treatment of lower pole renal calculi electrohydraulic lithotripsy is the only form of intracorporeal lithotripsy sufficiently malleable to allow routine access.     

气压弹道和输尿管软镜钬激光治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效对比研究

目的 对比分析气压弹道和输尿管软镜钬激光治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效.方法 选择适合应用输尿管软镜的上尿路结石患者80例,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组与对照组各40例,观察组采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术,对照组采用气压弹道式碎石术.结果 观察组的手术时间和术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P＜0.05),但观察组的总医疗费用高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组的结石清除率明显高于对照组.随访1个月,观察组的结石排净率也明显高于对照组,差异都有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访3个月,两组严重出血、输尿管穿孔、感染性休克等总体并发症发生率对比无明显差异(P＞0.05),观察组的满意度为95.0％,对照组满意度为75.0％,对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石治疗上尿路结石能提高碎石成功率,对于患者的创伤小,患者满意度高,值得推广应用.     

An evaluation of ureteral laser lithotripsy: 225 consecutive patients

We treated 225 patients with 227 ureteral calculi (5 steinstrasse) via the pulsed dye laser with 9.5F rigid, 7.2F semirigid and flexible, steerable ureteroscopes. The 222 calculi (excluding steinstrasse) were fragmented by laser alone in 141 cases (64%), laser and a basket in 30 (13%), and laser and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 33 (15%). The laser failed in 18 cases (8%). Of the 222 calculi 165 were impacted. Of 29 impacted upper ureteral calculi 15 were treated by laser disimpaction and fragmentation, 13 by laser disimpaction followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and 1 by an operation. Of 42 mid ureteral calculi (30 impacted) 24 were treated successfully by laser fragmentation and 14 by fragmentation followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, while 4 failed laser therapy. Among 151 lower ureteral and tunnel calculi laser fragmentation was successful in 132 cases (87%), laser followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was successful in 6 and 13 failed laser treatment. There were no ureteral strictures and no ureteral injuries related to use of the laser. The pulsed dye laser is safe and effective treatment for impacted upper and mid ureteral calculi, small mid ureteral calculi in female patients, and lower ureteral calculi in male and female patients. Use of the laser in conjunction with other endourological methods resulted in the need for an operation in 2 of 225 patients (0.9%) with ureteral calculi.     

Treatment of impacted lower third ureteral stones with the use of the ureteral access sheath

We present our experience with the use of the ureteral access sheath for the management of small impacted lower third ureteral stones, in comparison with more standard techniques. Ninety-eight consecutive patients, aged 18–73 years (mean 48.5), with small (diameter < or =10 mm) impacted lower third ureteral stones (<5 mm in 56, and 5–10 mm in 42 patients) were randomly managed with either a 12/14F coaxial ureteral dilator/sheath and a 7.5F flexible ureteroscope (group A; 48 patients), or with balloon dilatation and the 7.5F flexible ureteroscope (group B; 50 patients). In both groups, stones were grasped and extracted with a basket, and when necessary they were disintegrated with a 1.9F electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) probe. Postoperatively, excretory urography was performed at 1 month and patients were followed-up for 1 year. The mean operative time was 45.5 min in group A, and 58.5 min in group B (P<0.05). EHL was performed in 16 (33.3%) patients of group A, and in 12 (24%) patients of group B. In group B, balloon dilatation was performed in 28 (56%) patients. Ureteral perforation was revealed in 4 (8%) patients of group B. The follow-up imaging tests showed stone-free status in 46 (95.8%) patients of group A and in all (100%) patients of group B. No long-term complications were recorded. Endoscopic management of small impacted lower third ureteral stones with the ureteral access sheath is a quicker and safer procedure, in comparison with the more standard approach, bearing comparable efficacy.     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石

目的：探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石78例，结石大小0．8～1．8cm，平均1.1cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入F7,9输尿管软镜抵达肾盂，寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。结果：78例共有结石81枚．其中上、中盏结石53枚，结石寻及率100％，单次碎石成功率96．2％(51/53)；下盏结石28枚，结石寻及率96．4％(27/78)，单次碎石成功率71．4％(20／28)。无严重并发症发生。结论：输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石安全、有效．尤其适用于结石体积较小、肾盏无明显积水，以及因解剖特点预期体外冲击波碎石效果不佳的患者。通过软镜能寻及绝大多数肾盏结石，中、上盏结石单次碎石成功率高于下盏结石，与置入钬激光光纤后镜体末端有效弯曲程度减小有关。     

Is pre-shock wave lithotripsy stenting necessary for ureteral stones with moderate or severe hydronephrosis?

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of ureteral stents for solitary ureteral stones 2 cm or less in moderately or severely obstructed systems using shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2001 and 2004, 186 patients who met study criteria were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received a pre-shock wave lithotripsy 6Fr Double-J stent and group 2 had no stent. Patients were treated with a Dornier MFL 5000 lithotripter. Results were compared in terms of clearance rates, number of shock waves and sessions, irritative voiding symptoms, incidence of complications and secondary interventions. Failure was defined as the need for additional procedure(s) for stone extraction. RESULTS: Overall 164 patients (88.2%) became stone-free after shock wave lithotripsy. Complete stone fragmentation was achieved after 1 to 3 and more than 3 session in 108 (58.1%), 30 (16.1%), 13 (7%) and 14 patients (7.5%), respectively. Ureteral stent insertion did not affect the stone-free rate, which was 84.9% and 91.4% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.25). There was no statistical difference in the re-treatment rate, flank pain or temperature in the 2 groups. However, all patients in the stented group significantly complained of side effects attributable to the stent, including dysuria, suprapubic pain, hematuria, pyuria and positive urinary culture. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment stenting provides no advantage over in situ shock wave lithotripsy for significantly obstructing ureteral calculi. Shock wave lithotripsy is reasonable initial therapy for ureteral stones 2 cm or less that cause moderate or severe hydronephrosis.     

Comparative evaluation of Swiss LithoClast 2 and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for impacted upper-ureteral stones

PURPOSE: We prospectively compared the results of the Swiss LithoClast System with the holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser for ureteral lithotripsy for management of upper ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were randomized to two groups: LithoClast classic 2 (n = 25) and Ho:YAG laser (n = 25) between January 2005 and January 2007. Procedure selection was decided by random chit allotment. All patients who successfully had ureteral dilatation (up to 10F) were included in the study. An 8/9.8F semirigid ureteroscope was used in all procedures with LithoClast 2, and either an 8F or 7F was used in patients who underwent laser lithotripsy. Patients were analyzed for fragmentation time, stone-free rate, stone up-migration, intraoperative complications, and auxiliary procedures. Results: Average stone size was 9.63 +/- 2.46 mm2 and 10.17 +/- 2.28 mm2 with overall stone-free rates of 84% and 88% (P = 0.41), respectively, for laser and LithoClast 2 groups. Stone up-migration was 24% and 16% (P = 0.82), mean stone fragmentation time was 9.82 +/- 7.58 and 7.86 +/- 3.25 minutes (P = 0.12), and stone fragments requiring ancillary procedures were 16% and 12% (P = 0.99), respectively, in laser and LithoClast 2 groups. Postoperative hematuria (up to 72 hours) was significantly (P = 0.04) prolonged in the laser group (36%) compared with the LithoClast 2 group (8%). Three patients in the LithoClast 2 group had instrument breakage. CONCLUSION: Both Ho:YAG laser and LithoClast 2 were equally efficient in managing ureteral stones with effective stone clearance, minimum morbidity, and reduced stone up-migration.     

经皮膀胱微造瘘输尿管镜碎石加经尿道逆行注水治疗特殊类型膀胱结石

目的 探讨经皮膀胱微造瘘输尿管镜碎石加经尿道逆行注水治疗特殊类型膀胱结石的适应症和疗效.方法 将48例膀胱结石患者分为两组,A组(观察组),B组(对照组).A组患者35例,男性32例,女性3例,平均年龄52.5(5~91)岁,结石伴重度前列腺增生19例,结石伴尿道严重狭窄5例,结石伴髋关节功能障碍不能置膀胱截石位3例,小儿膀胱结石8例.结石大小平均2.8 cm(1.0~4.5 cm),平均1.8枚结石/例.采用耻骨上经皮膀胱微造瘘通道,用Wolf 8/9.8 F输尿管肾镜下气压弹道(或钬激光)碎石治疗.B组(对照组)患者13例,男11例,女2例,平均年龄61.5(17~78)岁,结石伴重度前列腺增生6例,无儿童患者,无尿道狭窄患者,无髋关节功能障碍患者,结石大小平均2.95 cm(2.8~5.0 cm),多发结石8例,平均2.1枚结石/例.采用经尿道腔镜碎石治疗.结果 A组患者结石一次性结石清除率100%(35/35),平均手术时间55 min(15~120 min).B组患者结石一次性结石清除率69.2%(9/13),需二次手术清除干净4例,残石率30.8%,膀胱穿孔1例,膀胱出血中转开放手术1例,术后出现尿道炎伴急性睾丸炎1例:平均手术时间180 min(110~200 min).结论 经皮膀胱微造瘘通道输尿管镜碎石加经尿道逆行注水治疗特殊类型膀胱结石具有简便、安全、高效、微创的特点,值得临床推广.     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管中上段结石1200例报告

目的评估输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管中上段结石的安全性和有效性。方法对2005年1月～2010年12月输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗的1 200例输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果一次性结石清除率95.4%（1 145/1 200）,其中,第三腰椎下缘以上结石为75.7%（28/37）,第三腰椎下缘至骶髂关节上缘结石为92.6%（486/525）,骶髂关节段结石为98.9%（631/638）。3.6%（43/1 200）患者因碎石移位改行ESWL术。9例出现输尿管穿孔,除2例改开放手术外,7例成功留置双＂J＂管3月后再次行输尿管镜钬激光碎石获成功。本组手术时间20～90min,平均（45.6±17.4）min,术中未发生大出血、输尿管撕脱、断裂等,术中输尿管黏膜撕裂4例,黏膜下假道形成8例,均顺利留置双＂J＂管,随访1～6月无尿囊肿和输尿管狭窄形成。术后患侧肾绞痛57例、腹部胀痛24例、发热28例,予以抗感染、对症治疗后好转。术后2～3d拔除导尿管,术后住院天数3～7d,平均（4.3±1.2）d。结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石术,具有微创、高效、并发症少、恢复快等优点,在掌握一定输尿管镜技巧的基础上处理中上段输尿管结石可取得比较好的疗效。但对L3水平以上且直径大于1.0cm的结石不建议使用输尿管镜处理。     

Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy with patients rotated supine or rotated prone for treating ureteral stones: a case-control study

PURPOSE: To improve the therapeutic efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for ureteral stones by attempting semilateral/rotated approaches. There has been no study that shows the advantage of rotated positions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-eight (group 1) and 156 (group 1R) patients with proximal-ureteral stones were treated by the Dornier Lithotriptor U15/50 in the supine and rotated-supine position, respectively. When residual calculi remained in the middle-distal ureter, group 1 subjects underwent subsequent sessions in the ordinary prone position, and Group 1R patients were treated in the rotated-prone position. Sixty-two (group 2) and 60 (group 2R) patients with primary middle-ureteral stones were treated in the prone and rotated- prone position, respectively, while 110 (group 3) and 98 (group 3R) patients with distal-ureteral stones were treated in the prone and rotated-prone position, respectively. RESULTS: Although the stone-free rate was not different in group 1 (94.8%) and 1R (97.4%), the number of sessions required for Group 1R patients to be stonefree (mean 1.49) was less than for Group 1 patients (mean 1.74; p=0.023). Group 1R patients tolerated a higher shockwave intensity than group 1 patients for sessions in the proximal ureter (p=0.042). The stone-free rate for Groups 1 and 1R for booster sessions in the middle- distal ureter was 85.4% and 100%, respectively (p=0.059). The stone-free rate for groups 2R (95.0%) and 3R (98.0%) was higher than that for groups 2 (83.9%) and 3 (89.1%) (p=0.046; p=0.011). CONCLUSION: These effortless modifications bring about a superior outcome when treating ureteral calculi with SWL.     

顺行输尿管软镜碎石术治疗尿流改道后上尿路结石分析

目的：评价顺行输尿管软镜碎石术治疗各种尿流改道后上尿路结石的临床应用价值、安全性及疗效。方法：2009年1月～2012年2月采用顺行输尿管软镜碎石术治疗尿流改道后上尿路结石患者19例,其中左侧13例,右侧5例,双侧1例;输尿管结石12例,肾结石5例,同时合并肾结石和输尿管结石2例。4例采用C臂X线引导,15例采用B超引导肾造瘘。11例一期行经皮肾造瘘＋顺行输尿管软镜碎石术;8例合并感染及急性梗阻患者一期行经皮肾造瘘,1周后二期行输尿管软镜碎石术。结果：19例患者均取得手术成功,平均手术时间为（61±21）min,平均住院时间为（5．6±3．2）d,术中出血量均〈50ml,术中及术后均未发生严重并发症。17例经历一次碎石程序即完全清除,2例经过2次碎石程序。术后4周复查CT,仅1例显示肾盂残留小片状结石,一期结石清除率达94．7％。平均随访15个月,2例患者复发,显示结石复发率为10．5％（2／19）,1例经过ESWL得到成功治疗,另1例再次顺行输尿管软镜碎石治疗成功。结论：顺行输尿管软镜是处理尿流改道后上尿路结石治疗的首选方式,具有安全性高、手术成功率高、结石清除率高、复发率低、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

一期输尿管软镜碎石取石术(附96例报告)

目的探讨一期输尿管软镜碎石取石术的安全性和有效性。方法2016年1月~2018年12月对96例上尿路结石行输尿管软镜碎石取石术,其中输尿管结石24例,肾结石60例(多发16例),输尿管结石合并肾结石12例。肾结石长径0.5~3.2 cm,平均1.5 cm,上盏22例,中盏或肾盂38例,下盏53例;输尿管结石长径0.6~2.4 cm,平均1.2 cm,中段1例,其余均位于上段。术前不放置输尿管支架管。使用F 8 Stroz电子输尿管软镜,钬激光粉碎结石,较大碎石块用套石网篮取出。结果95例软镜鞘(F 10/12或F 12/14)置入成功,1例置入F 10/12软镜鞘失败;95例一次碎石成功,1例输尿管结石碎石后发现肾盂积脓,二期处理肾结石。术中肾实质损伤1例,无输尿管穿孔、撕脱、出血等需处理的并发症。术后发热11例,无尿源性脓毒血症。术后1、3个月结石清除率分别为84.4%(81/96)和88.5%(85/96)。结论一期输尿管软镜碎石取石术安全、有效。     

同期与分期单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的对比研究

目的探讨同期与分期单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年7月经影像学确诊的复杂性肾结石患者60例,同期行单通道经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜手术组(同期组)30例,分期行单通道皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜组(分期组)30例,比较同期组与分期组患者结石清除率与残留率、住院时间、并发症等。结果60例复杂性肾结石患者手术顺利完成。同期组手术时间短于分期组[(161.9±19.2)min vs.(223.0±22.9)min,t=11.353,P=0.000],同期组住院日短于分期组[(8.5±1.5)d vs.(14.5±1.8)d,t=14.152,P=0.000],同期组住院总费用短于分期组(t=11.058,P=0.000)。同期组与分期组术后3个月结石比较差异无统计学意义[90.0%(27/30)vs.93.3%(28/30),P=0.500]。同期组与分期组术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.098,P=0.754)。结论同期经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石和分期手术相比没有明显增加手术并发症等风险,是安全、可行的,值得推广。     

Ureteric calculi in children: preliminary experience with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy in children with ureteric calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2003, 28 ureteroscopic laser procedures were carried out on 26 children (14 boys and 12 girls, mean age 6.5 years) with ureteric calculi. The mean (range) stone size was 1.21 (0.4-2.2) cm. At ureteroscopy the calculi were in the upper ureter in six (23%), mid-ureter in five (19%) and lower ureter in 15 (58%) patients. A rigid 8 F ureteroscope was used and the Ho:YAG laser energy delivered at 0.6-1.4 J and 6-10 Hz. All patients were evaluated after 3 months with intravenous urography to confirm stone clearance and to exclude ureteric stricture formation. RESULTS: The overall stone-free rate was 92% (24 children) after 28 ureteroscopic procedures. Stones were completely cleared in 83%, 80% and 100% of the procedures in the upper, mid- and lower ureters, respectively. In two children the procedure failed; they were salvaged by ureterolithotomy in one and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the other. During the procedures, a ureteric perforation was caused by several factors, including a technically difficult procedure and higher laser energy. At the mean (range) follow-up of 18 (3-39) months, low grade vesico-ureteric reflux was detected in two children, and there were no ureteric strictures in any. CONCLUSION: Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an efficient and safe treatment for ureteric calculi in children.