海绵状血管瘤内压监测指导栓塞及硬化剂注射治疗

为探讨在栓塞硬化海绵状血管瘤中瘤腔内变化规律及其意义，在２９例治疗过程中给机械性减缓交界本静脉回流，进行了瘤腔内压连续监测，发现：瘤腔基础内压力０．６６７～２．０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）。颈部最低，回流快者所需栓塞次数多，用量大，瘤腔内压力曲线在栓塞初始为平台波形，提示回流静脉逐一被栓塞，随后出现缓慢下降的印峰波形，去除瘤体表浅回流静脉机械性压迫，瘤腔内压不变，提示回流静脉全部栓塞，可注     

海绵状血管瘤内压监测指导栓塞及硬化剂注射治疗

为探讨在栓塞硬化海绵状血管瘤中瘤腔内压变化规律及其意义，在２９例治疗过程中结合机械性减缓瘤体静脉回流，进行了瘤腔内压连续监测。发现：瘤腔基础内压为０．６６７～２．０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），颈部最低；回流快者所需栓塞次数多，用量大；瘤腔内压力曲线在栓塞初始为平台波形，提示回流静脉逐一被栓塞；随后出现缓慢下降的钝峰波形，去除瘤体体表浅回流静脉机械性压迫，瘤腔内压不变，提示回流静脉全部栓塞，可注射硬化剂；最后为快速下降的锐峰波形，表明全瘤体已被栓塞硬化。治疗２９例，随访半年至３年，２６例完全消退，３例复发，未见严重并发症。本法设备操作简便，疗效高，并发症少。     

无水乙醇栓塞及平阳霉素注射治疗复发性海绵状血管瘤

目的对曾应用铜针留置或平阳霉素局部注射治愈后而复发的海绵状血管瘤患者，探讨一种有效、安全、微创的治疗方法。方法儿童或不能配合者，在氯氨酮麻醉下，先用无水乙醇4～8ml行血管瘤血管内栓塞，继之应用配制的平阳霉素混合液5～10ml缓慢注入瘤体，间隔7～10d进行第2次平阳霉素混合液局部注射，3～5次为1疗程。结果本组6例，均于治疗后半年内血管瘤逐渐萎缩、消退，随访1～5年，无1例再复发，无皮肤坏死、瘢痕或畸形等并发症。结论无水乙醇栓塞加平阳霉素混合液局部注射治疗复发性海绵状血管瘤，操作简便、安全，创伤小，疗效确切。     

铜针栓塞术治疗皮肤软组织内大面积海绵状血管瘤

目的总结铜针栓塞术治疗皮肤软组织内大面积海绵状血管瘤的经验. 方法 1996～2003年治疗大面积血管瘤18例,其中面颈部3例,上肢5例,下肢臀部10例.以直径1～3 mm铜丝制成的铜针直接经皮刺入瘤腔或在彩超定位引导下将铜针置入瘤腔内,通4～6 V直流电并留置铜针1周或者仅仅留置铜针. 结果治疗后出现患处萎缩、硬化、体位性改变消失18例,患肢周长缩小13例,皮肤蓝紫色变浅接近正常4例,患肢肿胀、沉重感减轻1例,消失5例,彩超显示瘤腔较治疗前缩小、血流减少14例. 结论铜针栓塞术治疗手术切除困难的大面积海绵状血管瘤简易、有效、创伤相对较小,尤其对儿童患者有时是唯一可行的方法.     

栓塞回流静脉加平阳霉素注射治疗巨大海绵状血管瘤

硬化剂瘤腔内注射治疗海绵状血管瘤已广泛应用于临床，但对于巨大漫无边界的海绵状血管瘤，因其回流静脉非常丰富，常导致注射后大部分硬化剂很快流失，治疗效果常不肯定，是目前临床上非常棘手的难题之一。自1996年以来，笔者对25例不同部位较大的无明显边界的海绵状血管瘤进行了栓塞加硬化或栓塞硬化加手术切除治疗，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

以栓塞硬化为主综合治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤

目的探讨治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤的有效方法.方法用栓塞硬化注射术,或结合手术切除部分硬化瘤体,或结合铜针留置术,治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤.结果治疗患者17例,其中11例只进行栓塞硬化治疗,2例栓塞硬化后手术切除治疗,4例铜针留置后栓塞硬化治疗.所有患者治疗后眼睑瘤体缩小,未出现并发症.随访6个月至4年,治疗部位无复发,局部功能形态良好.结论以栓塞硬化为主综合治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤,简便有效,创伤小,不易复发.     

以栓塞硬化为主综合治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤

目的 探讨治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤的有效方法。方法 用栓塞硬化注射术，或结合手术切除部分硬化瘤体，或结合铜针留置术。治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤。结果 治疗患者17例，其中11例只进行栓塞硬化治疗，2例栓塞硬化后手术切除治疗，4例铜针留置后栓塞硬化治疗。所有患者治疗后眼睑瘤体缩小，未出现并发症。随访6个月至4年。治疗部位无复发，局部功能形态良好。结论以栓塞硬化为主综合治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤，简便有效，创伤小，不易复发。     

胸椎海绵状血管瘤一例

中枢神经系统海绵状血管瘤好发于颅内,椎管内海绵状血管瘤临床较为少见,笔者收治胸椎椎体海绵状血管瘤1例,报告如下.     

肝门部海绵状血管瘤的动脉栓塞治疗

目的评价经肝动脉栓塞治疗肝门部附近海绵状血管瘤的疗效和价值。方法14例肝门部海绵状血管瘤使用平阳霉素碘化油乳剂+明胶教海绵颗粒经肝动脉栓塞,术后随访3～36月,观察栓塞前、后瘤体的变化,临床症状缓解情况。结果随访期间,14例临床症状明显缓解,瘤体均有不同程度的缩小,在术后12月CT复查时,瘤体直径由术前7.33±1.8cm缩小至3.5±1.7cm(P<0.05),无严重并发症。结论肝动脉栓塞术是治疗肝门部海绵状血管瘤的首选方法。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的 比较不同方法治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床效果。方法 治疗中应用球囊导管,复杂的5例使用了胶及弹簧圈等栓塞材料。结果 10例成功闭塞瘘口且保留载瘤动脉通畅,2例闭塞载瘤动脉．结论 外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘应首选血管内栓塞治疗。有时瘘口太小,弹簧圈也是有效方法。     

Unusual locations for cavernous hemangiomas: report of two cases and review of the literature

Summary Cavernous hemangiomas are most commonly found within the subcortical neural parenchyma near the fissura Rolandi, in the basal ganglia, or in the brain stem. Because of advancing neuro-imaging technology and thus resulting in a higher incidence of cavernous hemangiomas they have rising impact in neurosurgery. We present two unusual cases of extra-axial cavernous hemangiomas: one located at the frontal falx, the other within the bone of the right frontal bone. We discuss these and other cases in the literature with respect to the more common differential diagnoses and the appropriate therapy regimen for cavernous hemangiomas in these locations.     

Alcoholic solution of zein (Ethibloc) sclerotherapy for treatment of lymphangiomas in children

Purpose

The aim of this study was to report the experience and efficacy of Ethibloc sclerotherapy as treatment of lymphangiomas.

Methods

Between 1992 and 2004, 63 patients had Ethibloc sclerotherapy for lymphangiomas at our institution. Computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation determined efficacy of the treatment. Results were classified as excellent (≥95% decrease in lesion volume), satisfactory (≥50% decrease and asymptomatic), or poor (<50% decrease or symptomatic).

Results

Sixty-three patients with 67 lesions underwent sclerotherapy with a median of 2 treatments per patient. Thirty-five involved the neck; 10, the head and face; and 22, the thorax or limb. Thirteen were predominantly microcystic; 28, macrocystic; and 26, mixed. Of the 63 patients, 6 underwent sclerotherapy for postsurgical residual lesions. Results were classified by type: of the 54 macrocystic/mixed cases, 26 (49%) had excellent, 19 (35%) had good, and 9 (16%) had poor results; in the 13 predominantly microcystic lesions, 3 (23%) had excellent, 7 (54%) had good, and 3 (23%) poor results. Five patients (7.7%) required surgery for complications; 2, for scar revision; 2, for persistent drainage; and 1, for a salivary fistula. Infection occurred in 4 patients (6.2%) after sclerotherapy. Follow-up averaged 3.5 years (range, 12 months to 12 years).

Conclusion

Ethibloc sclerotherapy is a safe and effective alternative to surgical excision of macrocystic lymphangiomas and can be used for postsurgical recurrences.     

肝门区巨大肝海绵状血管瘤的手术切除：附35例报告

目的：探讨安全切除紧贴肝门区的巨大肝海绵状血管瘤的方法。方法：回顾性分析2008年4月—2012年3月手术治疗的35例紧贴肝门区的巨大肝海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。结果：全组术中失血量100~7 000 mL。根据瘤体位置及大小选择不同肝血流阻断方法和切除术式,其中,Pringle法11例,改良Pringle法9例,半肝血流阻断法15例;血管瘤包膜外剥除24例,肝切除10例,缝扎1例。术后18例出现相关并发症,无手术死亡。结论：肝门区巨大肝海绵状血管瘤手术的关键在于控制和处理出血,尽可能保留足够量的正常肝组织,应用合理的入肝血流阻断方法和切除手段是安全可行的。     

皮肤血管瘤和血管畸形细胞增殖与凋亡的对比研究

目的：探讨皮肤血管瘤和血管畸形的细胞凋亡与增殖的平衡关系及与临床生物学行为的可能关系。方法：采用流式细胞术检测皮肤血管瘤和血管畸形组织中凋亡细胞比率及细胞周期分布,分析细胞凋亡/增殖水平。结果：血管瘤增生期和消退期凋亡/增殖水平出现下调和上调（P〈0.05）,而血管畸形细胞凋亡/增殖水平与正常皮肤相比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：细胞凋亡/增殖水平在皮肤血管瘤和血管畸形之间存在差异且可能与二者的病理演变过程密切相关。     

Conservative management of hemorrhoids: A comparison of venotonic flavonoid micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and sclerotherapy

Purpose To compare the results of the conservative management of hemorrhoids between venotonic flavonoid micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and sclerotherapy, in terms of the subjective and objective outcome of patients after a follow-up period of 2 years. Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients who suffered from 1st-and 2nd-degree hemorrhoids were divided into 2 groups. The first (n = 64) and second (n = 62) groups underwent venotonic flavonoid MPFF (VF) and sclerotherapy (SCL). The Average Symptoms Score (ASS), Average Anascopy Score (AAS) and the subjective scale were used to assess the success of the treatments. Results A total of 113 patients agreed to participate in the follow-up study. ASS and AAS decreased in both of the groups in the first three visits (P < 0.05). At the end of the second visit, ASS and AAS significantly declined in the VF group. In addition, ASS and AAS decreased to the nadir level in the groups at the end of the 26th week. During the remaining time of the follow-up period, ASS showed a significant rise pattern in the VF group in comparison to the SCL group. The resolved and improved rate was significantly higher in the SCL group at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Conclusions Sclerotherapy was a more efficient treatment modality than VF in the long-term follow-up. SCL also had an acceptable success rate in the short-term follow-up.     

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using a transparent overtube with intraluminal negative pressure (np-EIS) for esophageal varices

Summary Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) using the transparent overtube (OT) method can be conducted safely and easily not only in elective esophageal varices but also in emergency cases because of the ability to obtain a good field of view and fixation of the varix. However, application of the OT method is limited because intravariceal injection into small varices through the slit of the OT is impossible. We devised a technique to apply the OT method to small varices by utilizing negative pressure in the OT (np-OT method). By using negative pressure, EIS with a transparent overtube is now suitable for all grades of esophageal varices, and the accuracy of puncture in EIS has been improved. Injection of the target area was successful in all cases. The rate of intravariceal injection has also been improved (47% in low-grade varices) because injection of all sites was possible. We call EIS by the np-OT method np-EIS.