地震受灾群众三年后创伤后成长和相关因素现况调查

目的:调查"8.03鲁甸地震"重灾区龙头山镇受灾群众地震3年后创伤后成长的现状,探讨创伤后成长的相关因素。方法:地震3年后,按方便取样方式选取鲁甸地震重灾区龙头山镇受灾群众155例,采用自编人口学基本信息调查表、创伤后成长评定量表(PTGI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对其进行问卷调查。结果:155例受灾群众PTGI总分在0～89分之间,中位数为30;SSRS总分为(36.8±7.7)。PTGI总分与受教育程度(r=0.34,P0.01)、家庭月收入(r=0.32,P0.01)、SSRS总分(r=0.55,P0.01)呈中等程度正相关,与是否参加现场救援(r=-0.47,P0.01)呈中等程度负相关。Logistic回归分析显示女性(OR=0.03,P0.05)、未失去亲人(OR=0.04,P0.05)是创伤后成长的危险因素,自评心理影响程度大(OR=4.07,P0.01)、SSRS总分高(OR=1.37,P0.05)是保护因素。结论:3年后地震重灾区群众的创伤后成长水平较低。女性和未失去亲人者创伤后成长差,而自评心理影响较大和社会支持较多者创伤后成长较好。     

大学生饮酒行为与社会支持及生活事件的相关分析

目的了解在校大学生饮酒行为及饮酒相关知识认知度的影响因素,并探讨大学生饮酒行为与社会支持、生活事件之间的相关性。方法应用青少年饮酒知识行为调查问卷、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、生活事件量表(LES),采用方便随机抽样方法,对芜湖市2所高校9个专业559名大学生进行不记名调查,应用多因素logistic回归等方法分析大学生饮酒行为及其影响因素与社会支持、生活事件的相关性。结果①对大学生饮酒行为的多因素logistic回归分析显示,差异具有统计学意义的因素有性别(OR=4.51,P0.001)、月平均生活费(OR=1.67,P0.001)、体育锻炼情况(OR=1.71,P0.05)和饮酒相关知识认知度(OR=1.99,P0.001);②对大学生饮酒相关知识认知度的多因素logistic回归分析表明,差异具有统计学意义的因素为学校(OR=0.62,P0.01)、父母的婚姻状况(OR=1.53,P0.05)、老师谈论饮酒相关问题与否(OR=0.65,P0.05),以及饮酒与否(OR=0.62,P0.05);③对大学生饮酒行为与社会支持进行两独立样本t检验分析显示,两组的社会支持总分有差异(t=3.99,P0.001);④使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数对大学生的饮酒行为与社会支持及生活事件之间进行了相关性分析,结果不饮酒组的正性生活事件与客观支持之间r=0.24(P0.05);饮酒组的正性生活事件与主观支持之间r=0.23(P0.01)、与社会支持之间r=0.23(P0.01),且生活事件与社会支持之间r=0.17(P0.05)。结论大学生饮酒行为与社会支持、生活事件之间存在着一定的相关性,可能性别、家庭环境、学校环境等因素影响着大学生饮酒行为。     

汶川地震后18个月都江堰地区青少年睡眠问题共患PTSD、抑郁、焦虑状况

目的:考查汶川地震后18个月青少年睡眠问题共患PTSD、抑郁、焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法:采用便利取样,抽取都江堰地区青少年1287人,应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、创伤后应激障碍自评量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍自评量表、青少年自评生活事件量表、儿童青少年社会支持评定量表等对其进行评估。结果:采用PSQI总分8作为划界分,震后18个月都江堰地区青少年睡眠问题的检出率为28.2%;睡眠问题共患PTSD、抑郁、焦虑的检出率分别为7.5%、15.6%、17.9%。睡眠质量总分与PTSD(r=0.397)、抑郁(r=0.504)、焦虑总分(r=0.463)显著正相关。在检出有睡眠问题的青少年中,有26.4%检出PTSD,有55.4%检出抑郁,有63.4%检出焦虑。多元Lo-gistic回归表明地震中有亲人伤亡、对支持的利用度低、震后较多负性生活事件是睡眠问题共患PTSD的危险性因素;女性、客观支持少、主观支持少、对支持的利用度低和震后较多负性生活事件是睡眠问题共患抑郁的危险性因素;女性、主观支持低、对支持的利用度低和震后较多继发负性生活事件是睡眠问题共患焦虑的危险性因素。结论:震后18个月睡眠问题共患PTSD、抑郁、焦虑较高,评估及干预青少年的睡眠问题对预防精神健康问题有重要意义。     

初中生生活事件、社会支持与学习成绩的关系

目的:探讨初中生生活事件、社会支持与学习成绩之间的关系。方法:采用生活事件问卷、领悟社会支持问卷和学习成绩问卷对462名初中生进行调查。结果:(1)相关分析表明,初中生生活事件与学习成绩、数学、英语均存在显著的负相关关系(r=-0.14,-0.14,-0.15;P0.01),初中生社会支持与学习成绩、数学、英语均存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.20,0.23,0.17;P0.001);(2)回归分析表明,社会支持显著正向预测初中生学习成绩(β=0.18,P0.001)。结论:生活事件是初中生学习成绩的风险因素,社会支持是初中生学习成绩的保护因素。     

震后6个月都江堰地区青少年心理问题及影响因素

目的:考查汶川地震6个月后都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的检出率及人群特点,并探究其影响因素。方法:分层整群取样,用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)、儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、青少年社会支持量表(SSRS-CA)评估都江堰地区初一至高一学生1925名。结果:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年的PTSD、焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为15.9%、40.8%和24.4%;女孩(OR=2.03-2.70)、青春后期(OR=1.71-2.12)、地震中有亲人伤亡(OR=1.45-2.41)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁的共同危险因素,非独生子女是焦虑的危险因素(OR=1.72),大量目睹惨烈场景(OR=1.39-2.18)是PTSD和抑郁的危险因素;主观社会支持(OR=0.88-0.95)和对支持的利用度(OR=0.74-0.88)是PTSD、焦虑、抑郁共同的保护性因素。结论:震后6个月都江堰地区青少年存在较多的心理问题;指导青少年发现、建构、维护、寻求和利用社会支持资源对于促进其创伤修复和心理健康有重要意义。     

高职院校学生生活事件、应对方式和社会支持及孤独感的相关性

目的:考察高职院校学生生活事件、应对方式和社会支持与孤独感的关系,为高职院校学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法:对山东几所高职院校随机整群抽取284名学生,采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、特质应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表和UCLA孤独量表进行调查。结果:男生(t=-12.722,P0.01)、来自农村(t=2.869,P0.05)、独生子女(t=2.081,P0.05)有较高孤独感;生活事件(r=0.140~0.367,P0.05)、消极应对方式(r=0.157,P0.01)和社会支持(r=-0.251,0.296,-0.275;P0.01)都与孤独感有显著相关性;生活事件、消极应对方式和社会支持能有效预测孤独感,其中社会支持是生活事件和孤独感之间关系的中介因素。结论:提高高职院校学生对社会支持的主观感知能力,能有效降低其孤独感。     

浏阳市农村成年人自杀风险及相关因素

目的:了解农村成年人自杀风险的现状,探讨其相关因素。方法:采用分阶段整群抽样方法,调查浏阳市2052名农村成年人(年龄18~60岁),以简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)自杀筛选问卷评估自杀风险,并施测自编一般人口学问卷、病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)。结果:浏阳市农村成年人当前的自杀风险总发生率为13.8%,其中低、中度和高度自杀风险的发生率分别为13.0%、0.4%、0.4%。有序多分类logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.54~2.76)、小学及以下(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.07~3.05)、消极应对方式(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.11)及重、中和轻度抑郁(OR=24.61、5.98、2.75,95%CI:12.63~47.99、3.95~9.07、2.01~3.76)为自杀风险的危险因素。结论:浏阳市农村成年人当前自杀风险的发生率处于较高水平,女性、受教育程度较低、抑郁、消极应对方式评分高的人更容易发生自杀风险。     

地震灾后转移伤员的创伤后应激障碍的发生及其影响因素

目的:调查汶川地震灾后转移伤员的创伤后应激障碍的发生及其影响因素.方法:采用PTSD症状自评(PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version,PCL-C)和DSM-IV-TR 轴I障碍用临床定式检查(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Patient ,SCID-I/P)进行诊断,在地震灾后40天对按照多级整群抽样方法抽取转移到重庆市11所医院的386名伤员进行调查,回收有效问卷354份,分析影响创伤后应激障碍(Post Trau matic Stress Disorder,PTSD)发生的相关因素.结果:354名转移伤员中共检出PTSD患者82例,检出率为23.2%,其中男性27例(17.5%),女性55例(27.5%).女性的检出率明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义.多因素logistic回归分析显示其主要影响因素是女性(OR=2.364,95%CI:1.159～4.823),地震中被掩埋(OR=2.171,95%CI:1.088～4.333),目睹有人在地震中受伤(OR=0.338,95%CI:0.150～0.761).结论:经历地震灾后被转移到重庆的伤员中有近1/4的灾民存在PTSD症状.其中女性、被掩埋等暴露因素是PTSD发生的危险因素.     

三甲医院呼吸内科慢性疾病患者抑郁症状现况调查

目的:了解三甲医院呼吸内科慢性疾病患者的抑郁症状现况及相关因素。方法:选择2014年7月-9月在江苏省8家三甲医院呼吸内科就诊的1713例门诊及住院患者为调查对象,采用自编调查问卷收集患者一般人口学特征和疾病特征信息,采用综合医院抑郁焦虑量表(HADS)的抑郁分量表(HADD)对抑郁症状进行筛查,以得分≥9分判定为具有抑郁症状。采用logistic回归模型分析抑郁症状的相关影响因素。结果:抑郁症状总体检出率为46.0%。Logistic回归分析结果显示:未婚(OR=0.45)、受教育程度较高(初中/高中/中专OR=0.65、大专及以上OR=0.28)、BMI≥24(OR=0.71)可能是抑郁症状的保护因素(P0.05);BMI18.5(OR=1.52)、家庭人均年收入10000元及以上(OR=1.37~1.96)、日常活动受限(OR=1.72)、主观睡眠质量不好/非常差(OR=1.45)、负性生活事件(OR=1.62)可能是抑郁症状的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:在江苏省,三甲医院呼吸内科慢性疾病患者抑郁症状检出率较高。婚姻状况、受教育程度、收入、BMI、日常活动是否受限、主观睡眠质量、负性生活事件可能是影响呼吸内科慢性疾病患者抑郁症状的相关因素。     

乳腺癌患者益处发现及相关因素

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者益处发现的相关因素。方法:选取安徽省某三甲和二甲医院经病理诊断确诊为乳腺癌的女性患者300名,采用益处发现评定量表(BFS)、事件影响量表修订版(IES-R)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)、生活取向量表(LOT-R)进行相关测评。结果:乳腺癌患者BFS总分(47.9±13.4);BFS得分与社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度、面对应对、回避应对及乐观倾向得分呈正相关(r=0.41,0.37,0.28,0.32,0.44,0.38,0.60),与侵袭性症状、回避症状、高警觉症状和屈服应对得分呈负相关(r=-0.48,-0.34,-0.42,-0.53),均P0.01。多元逐步回归分析显示,乐观倾向、面对应对、回避应对和转移与益处发现呈正向关联(b'=0.36,0.16,0.15,0.02),侵袭性症状与益处发现呈负向关联(b'=-0.19)。结论:乳腺癌患者存在一定水平的益处发现,可能受乐观倾向、面对应对、侵袭性症状、回避应对和转移等因素影响。     

Relationship between arm span and stature in Malawian adults

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between height and arm span in adult Malawians. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 142 males and 128 females between the ages 20 and 76 years were recruited from among the patients attending various clinics at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. All subjects were free from physical deformities. The anthropometric measurements included standing height and arm span. RESULTS: The arm span exceeded height in all age groups of males and females. The mean difference between the height and arm span values for females was 9.9 +/- 4.9 cm (t = 16.28, p<0.001) and for males was 11.6 +/- 4.4 cm (t = 14.74, p<0.001). The gender difference between height and arm span measurements was statistically significant (t = 9.58, p<0.001 and t = 10.24, p<0.001, respectively). Correlation of arm span and height for males was 0.871 and for females was 0.815. Prediction equations were derived from regression analysis. RSD values were 8.709 and 6.914 for equations for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stature of Malawian adults can be estimated from arm span measurements using regression equations.     

Gender differences in depressive symptoms. An artefact caused by measurement instruments?

BACKGROUND: According to studies depression and depressive symptoms are more prevalent in females than in males. It is possible, however, that instruments meant to measure depressiveness are gender-biased. METHOD: This was studied by comparing two screening instruments (the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Depression Scale (DEPS) within the same population. The study sample consisted of 330 subjects taken from general population in south-western part of Finland. RESULTS: The mean BDI scores were borderline higher in females than in males, with no gender difference in DEPS scores. The difference between BDI and DEPS scores was significant between genders but not for other variables. Crying and lost interest in sex were the items on which females scored higher. CONCLUSIONS: It has been argued that these items, crying and lost interest in sex, are biologically, psychologically and culturally related to female gender and, therefore, give gender-biased results in measuring depressiveness. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is important to realise that some instruments meant for screening depression may include gender-biased items and therefore give too high scores of depressiveness in females. LIMITATIONS: The study is based on self-filled scales and its results cannot, therefore, be directly generalised to clinical depression.     

Heart rate variability during waking and sleep in healthy males and females

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to investigate autonomic activity with heart rate variability analysis during different sleep stages in males and females. DESIGN: The study utilized a 2 Groups (males, females) x 4 States (waking, stage 2 sleep, stage 4 sleep, rapid-eye movement sleep) mixed design with one repeated, within-subjects factor (i.e., state). SETTING: The study was carried out in the sleep laboratory of the Thomas N. Lynn Institute for Healthcare Research. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four healthy adults (fourteen females and ten males). INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All participants underwent polysomnographic monitoring and electrocardiogram recordings during pre-sleep waking and one night of sleep. Fifteen-minute segments of beat-to-beat heart rate intervals during waking, stage 2 sleep, stage 4 sleep, and REM sleep were subjected to spectral analysis. Compared to NREM sleep, REM sleep was associated with decreased high frequency (HF) band power, and significantly increased low frequency (LF) to (HF) ratio. Compared to females, males showed significantly elevated LF/HF ratio during REM sleep. Males also demonstrated significantly decreased HF band power during waking when compared to females. No significant sleep- or gender-related changes in LF band power were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed changes in autonomic activity from waking to sleep, with marked differences between NREM and REM sleep. These changes were primarily due to stage-related alterations in vagal tone. REM sleep was characterized by increased sympathetic dominance, secondary to vagal withdrawal. The data also suggested gender differences in autonomic functioning during waking and sleep, with decreased vagal tone during waking and increased sympathetic dominance during REM sleep in the males.     

Factors influencing the outcome of mark-release-recapture studies with Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Three potentially important aspects of mark-release-recapture experimentation were addressed: 1) source of mosquitoes for release, 2) time of release, and 3) weather during recapture. Culex tarsalis Coquillett mosquitoes collected as adult host-seeking females from dry ice-baited traps (CO2 traps) operated within the study area (local) were recaptured more frequently than females collected from traps operated outside the study area (foreign) or reared from field-collected immatures (reared). These results supported published studies on Anopheles and Ochlerotatus that indicated mosquitoes may "memorize" flight paths within their environment. Releasing gravid females provided a potentially useful replacement for reared females, because these gravids oviposited at wetlands and then dispersed to upland traps. Releasing local, foreign, or reared mosquitoes just after sunrise or just before sunset did not alter recapture success or the distance dispersed. Elevated wind speeds inhibited dispersal from protected microhabitats with citrus orchards and resulted in most recaptures being found at the leeward portion of the orchard.     

Spontaneous neoplastic lesions in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats.

In a 24-months study, the spontaneous tumour spectrum of the Hsd:Sprague-Dawley stock was examined. Pituitary gland tumours were found in 20% of the males and 39% of the females. This relatively low incidence, compared to other SPRD stocks, had little effect on the survival of females (50%), due to the high incidence (76%) of mammary gland tumours (predominantly fibroadenomas) that resulted in unscheduled sacrifices of many females. Other common neoplasms in Hsd:Sprague-Dawley rats were benign medullary tumours (27% in males, 11% in females), C-cell adenomas (23% in males, 28% in females), and endometrial stromal polyps (22% in females).     

Twin Pair Resemblance for Psychiatric Hospitalization in the Swedish Twin Registry: A 32-year Follow-up Study of 29,602 Twin Pairs

BACKGROUND: Allgulander et al. (Allgulander C, Nowak J, Rice JP (1991) Acta Psychiatr Scand 83, 12) published twin pair analyses of psychiatric hospitalization for like-sex pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry born 1926-1958. As noted in a subsequent letter (Allgulander C, Nowak J, Rice JP (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand 86, 421), several features of the original study resulted in under-ascertainment of cases and underestimated heritability, particularly for alcoholism. The present report updates the prior results by using 17 additional years of follow-up, including members of opposite-sex twin pairs, and addressing biases arising from cohort effects and from excluding pairs with unknown zygosity. METHODS: Registry records for 29,602 twin pairs born 1926-1958 were matched against national databases of psychiatric and medical hospitalizations from 1972-2000 to obtain ICD diagnostic codes. Zygosity was known for 10,903 opposite-sex pairs and 15,401 like-sex pairs who participated previously in research. Twin-pair resemblance and genetic and environmental variance proportions were estimated for hospitalization for alcoholism, affective disorders, psychosis, and (in females) anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Hospitalization rates during the ascertainment window were: alcoholism: males = 3.67%, females = 0.94%; affective disorders: males = 1.99%, females = 2.75%; anxiety disorders: males = 0.46%, females = 0.74%; and psychotic disorders: males = 1.70%, females = 1.96%. Twins from like-sex pairs with unknown zygosity had significantly higher prevalences than those with known zygosity. Tetrachoric correlations and heritability estimates were affected by the method used to model unknown zygosity and cohort effects. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of additional follow-up information, opposite-sex twin pairs, age-adjustment, and use of current ICD definitions yielded higher heritability estimates for alcoholism, anxiety disorders, and psychosis than previously published for this nationally-representative sample of twins from Sweden. The results show that relatively small selection biases can alter twin study results and underscore the importance of addressing under-ascertainment of cases in genetic research based on volunteers.     

An attempt to construct the Sensation Seeking Scale-Abstract Expression

The purpose of this study is to construct Sensation Seeking Scale-Abstract Expression (SSS-AE), consisting of 15 items. All items were described in relatively abstract terms. Data were collected from Japanese college students (246 males and 121 females). The total SSS-AE scores had positive correlation with the general factor of sensation seeking. This confirms the validity of the SSS-AE proposed in this study. From the factor analysis of the items, three factors were extracted: Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS), Disinhibition (Dis), and Experience Seeking (ES). But Boredom Susceptibility (BS) was not confirmed. These results were discussed in comparison with the factors reported by Zuckerman. Males showed higher ES scores than females, but females showed higher Dis scores than males.     

Behavioral evidence for the presence of a sex pheromone in male Phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the Old World sand fly vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (Trypanosomatidae: Kinetoplastida), a debilitating and disfiguring protist parasitic disease prevalent throughout southern Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, as well as southern and eastern European countries, where it is regarded as a serious public health problem. Little is known of the mating ecology of P. papatasi, and, in particular, the role (if any) of pheromones is not known. In this laboratory- and field-based study, we have shown that a male-produced sex pheromone exists in P. papatasi. Young female P. papatasi are attracted to the headspace volatiles of small groups of males, males and females together, but not females alone. Males were not attracted to males, females, or mixed groups of males and females in the laboratory. Larger groups of males or males and females together were repellent in the laboratory study. Field experiments showed that Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps baited with small groups of males and females together were attractive to females, but not males. CDC traps baited with large groups of males and females together caught significantly fewer females and males than the control traps; however, the proportion of females caught compared with males overall was much higher than with CDC traps baited with small numbers of males and females. These results suggest that females may be attracted in preference to males to the vicinity of the baited traps and are highly sensitive to the concentration of male pheromone. It also suggests that P. papatasi mating behavior is fundamentally different from that of Lutzomyia longipalpis, where large mating aggregations of males and females occur.     

Profiles of body mass index and blood pressure among young adults categorised by waist-to-height ratio cut-offs in Shandong,China

Abstract

Background: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is proposed as a valid measure of abdominal obesity and health risks in practice. The present study examined the profiles of weight status and blood pressure (BP) among young adults categorised by WHtR cut-offs.

Methods: A total of 4226 college students (2107 males and 2119 females) aged 19–22?years participated in the study. The body mass index (BMI) cut-offs recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) were used to define underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. The BMI and BP profiles within each WHtR category were examined.

Results: For both males and females, ‘the high WHtR group’ (WHtR ≥ 0.5) had the highest, and ‘the low WHtR group’ (WHtR < 0.4) had the lowest BMI and BP levels. In the WHtR = 0.30–0.34 sub-group, 66.10% of males and 66.67% of females were underweight; in the WHtR ≥ 0.55 sub-group, 91.49% of males and 83.33% of females were obese; in the WHtR = 0.40–0.44 sub-group, 88.88% of males and 89.85% of females were normal weight. The prevalence of high BP in the WHtR < 0.5 group was 9.99% in males and 2.19% in females; the corresponding figures were 28.92% (males) and 14.06% (females) in the WHtR ≥ 0.5 group; the latter is significantly higher than the former (p?<?0.01).

Conclusion: Individuals with low WHtR were underweight and those with high WHtR were obese with high BP. Results from this study support WHtR as a simple and effective screening tool for abdominal obesity and high BP in practice.     

Ovarian senescence in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

BACKGROUND: A decline in fertility is evident in human females past their middle thirties. This 'reproductive senescence', marked by a sharp decline in pregnancy rates, may be attributed to reductions in numbers of available oocytes and their quality. Because Old World primates exhibit ovarian morphology and physiological control and timing of menstrual cycles closely resembling those of humans, the current study investigated the rhesus macaque as a potential model for human reproductive senescence. METHODS: Ovaries collected from females aged 1-25 years and divided into five age groups were analysed histologically. RESULTS: General ovarian morphology demonstrated significant changes as the females approached menopause. The proportions of primordial and primary follicles all demonstrated significant differences across age groups (primordial: 77.1, 79.9, 69.7, 62.9, 55.1%; primary: 21.5, 18.8, 28.5, 35.2, 43.1% for age groups 1 to 5 respectively; P<0.0001 for both). Samples from females approaching or undergoing the menopausal transition (aged 20-25 years) demonstrated evidence of ovarian senescence, having scattered and atretic follicles, low numbers of primordial follicles and reduced stromal tissue. CONCLUSION: This study supports the value of the rhesus monkey as a model for reproductive ageing because its ovary undergoes follicular reservoir depletion similar to that seen in humans.