早产儿眼球发育及屈光状态变化

目的:观察早产儿眼球生物学指标及屈光状态随年龄变化的规律。方法:早产儿218例、足月儿76例分别在出生后1,4,8和12mo进行A超检查,记录眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔长度;并在8和12mo进行睫状肌麻痹检影验光,记录球镜度;分析眼球生物学指标及屈光状态随年龄变化规律。结果:随年龄增长,无论早产儿及足月儿前房深度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度均逐渐增大;晶状体厚度逐渐减小。出生初期,早产儿较正常儿前房深度浅,玻璃体腔长度及眼轴长度短。出生后随年龄增长,早产儿玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度生长较足月儿快;但前房深度和晶状体厚度改变无明显差异。结论:出生时早产儿较正常儿眼球各项生物学指数发育差,随年龄增长,早产儿正视化较足月儿快,与眼轴生长有关。     

婴儿眼球发育及屈光状态变化

目的动态了解正常婴幼儿眼球发育及屈光状态随年龄变化规律;方法对76名正常足月婴幼儿分别在出生后1个月,4个月,8个月,12个月进行A超检查,记录眼轴长度,前房深度,晶体厚度,玻璃体腔长度;并在8,12个月进行睫状肌麻痹检影验光,记录球镜度;统计分析眼球发育状况及屈光状态随年龄变化规律,并对各指标与屈光度进行相关性分析;结果1、随年龄增长,前房深度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度逐渐增大(P<0.05);晶体厚度逐渐减小(P<0.05);2、双眼无明显差异(P>0.05);3、眼球屈光度与前房深度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度呈负相关,眼球屈光度与晶体厚度呈正相关;结论婴幼儿眼的各项生物学指标在发育过程中的变化促进眼球正视化,前房、玻璃体腔、眼轴长度随年龄增长延长,晶体厚度随年龄增长减小,使得远视屈光度逐渐下降。     

广东茂名白内障患者1097例构成特点及眼球参数分析

目的:测量白内障患者眼球生物学参数及构成比。方法:广东茂名1097例患者术前均检测眼压、眼轴、角膜曲率、角膜曲率半径、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔深度和记录晶状体混浊情况,应用SPSS15.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果:白内障患者主要由60岁以上老人组成(90.88%),随着年龄增长,前房深度逐渐减小,垂直方向的角膜曲率变小,垂直方向的角膜曲率半径则变大,而眼轴则无明显改变;女性垂直和水平角膜曲率均大于男性,相应的角膜曲率半径则均小于男性;女性眼轴较男性短;女性晶状体厚度较男性小;女性玻璃体腔深度也较男性小;左眼的前房深度较右眼大。结论:广东茂名白内障患者主要由60岁以上患者组成,眼球参数随性别、年龄及眼别不同发生变化。     

学龄期儿童青少年屈光度与眼球生物学参数的关系

目的 研究学龄期儿童青少年屈光度与眼球部分生物学参数之间的关系。方法 收集学龄期儿童青少年413例826眼,利用LenStar LS900光学生物测量仪和A型超声诊断仪测得眼部生物学参数,研究屈光度与生物学参数之间的关系。结果 男生眼轴长度、中央前房深度及玻璃体长度大于女生,而角膜平均曲率和晶状体厚度小于女生,P<0.05。等效球镜及眼内压之间男生与女生比较差异无统计学意义;随年龄增加等效球镜度数不断加深、眼轴变长、角膜曲率变平、晶状体变薄、中央前房深度及玻璃体腔深度加深,P<0.05;眼内压随年龄增加变化无统计学意义,P>0.05。随屈光度加深眼轴及玻璃体腔长度延长,角膜曲率和前房深度增大、晶状体变薄,P<0.05。结论 眼球屈光度和生物学参数对儿童青少年屈光不正发生发展的影响具有重要意义。     

维族和汉族大学生正视眼眼压及眼球部分生物学参数分析

目的：对双眼为正视眼的维吾尔族与汉族大学生进行眼压及眼球部分生物学参数测定,通过对族别、性别、眼别间比较分析验证两民族间是否存在差异。
　　方法：横断面调查研究。对门诊进行体检的大学生先行双眼裸眼视力检查,然后采用电脑验光仪测量角膜屈光力,再使用裂隙灯及检眼镜检查后纳入符合标准者405例810眼。对纳入对象先采用全自动非接触式眼压计测量眼压,再采用A/B型超声诊断仪测量前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔长度及眼轴长度。比较两民族之间、同民族不同性别间、不同民族相同性别间、不同眼别间所测得的眼压及眼球部分生物学参数。
　　结果：维吾尔族与汉族学生眼压、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族男生与女生前房深度、眼轴长度、角膜屈光力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族男生与女生眼轴长度、角膜屈光力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同眼别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。维吾尔族男生与汉族男生眼压、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度、晶状体厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族女生与汉族女生眼压、前房深度、眼轴长度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
　　结论：汉族学生比维吾尔族学生眼压高、前房深、玻璃体腔长、眼轴长、晶状体薄;相同民族男生眼轴长度均较女生长,角膜屈光力比女生小,其中维吾尔族男生比同民族女生前房深。汉族男生较维吾尔族男生眼压高、前房深、玻璃体腔长、眼轴长、晶状体薄;汉族女生较维吾尔族女生眼压高、前房深、眼轴长。右眼与左眼眼压及眼球部分生物学参数比较无差异。     

学龄期儿童近视眼玻璃体腔长度及其他相关参数分析

目的:了解学龄儿童近视眼的屈光度与玻璃体腔长度、眼轴、晶状体厚度、前房深度、角膜屈光力的关系。方法:随机抽取门诊7~15岁单纯性近视儿童93例,男38例72眼,女55例104眼,按等效球镜分为低度近视(<-3.00D)、中度近视(-3.00~-6.00D)两组。10g/L阿托品散瞳检影验光获得准确屈光度数,电脑自动验光仪测角膜曲率(每眼5次),A超检查眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度(每眼5次),并计算玻璃体腔长度,采用SPSS11.5统计软件分析近视眼屈光度数与玻璃体腔长度等相关参数的关系。结果:随着屈光度数的增加,玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度增加,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);晶状体厚度与眼轴的比值下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);角膜曲率增加,但差异无统计学意义。相同屈光度,男女比较眼轴长度、玻璃体腔长度、角膜曲率以及晶状体厚度与眼轴比值差异有统计学意义。前房深度、晶状体厚度差异无统计学意义。近视屈光度与玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度、呈正相关(r1=0.585,P<0.05,r2=0.576,P<0.05),与晶状体厚度与眼轴的比值呈负相关(r=-0.337,P<0.05)。结论:单纯性近视眼患者主要以玻璃体腔长度、眼轴增长为主,男生眼轴长度、玻璃体腔长度较女生长,平均角膜曲率较女生平坦,晶状体厚度与眼轴比值较女生低。     

中老年人眼球生物学结构参数的年龄相关性改变

目的 通过横断面研究数据分析50岁及以上中国人眼球生物学结构参数的年龄相关性改变.方法 以社区筛查时50岁以上中国人为研究对象,通过调查问卷了解既往眼部疾病史,通过自动验光仪测量屈光度及角膜曲率,通过A型超声测量眼球前房深度、晶状体厚度及眼轴长度,取右眼数据分析,用STATA 11.0统计软件进行统计学处理.结果 本研究共纳入730人,男性眼轴长度为(23.62±1.39) mm,女性眼轴长度为(23.16±1.50) mm.两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001):男性前房深度为(2.78±0.38)mm,女性为(2.68±0.35)mm,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);晶状体厚度男性为(4.23±0.68)mm,女性为(4.33±0.68)mm,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.02);角膜曲率男性为(43.41±1.55)D,女性为(44.21±1.48)D,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0 001).方差分析结果表明、50岁以上中国人中,随着年龄增长,眼轴长度和角膜曲率均无变化(P=0 60、0.33),前房深度随年龄增长不断变浅(P＜0.001),晶状体厚度随着年龄增长不断增厚(P＜0.001).结论 50岁以上中国人,男性眼轴较女性长,前房较女性深,晶状体较女性薄,角膜曲率较女性小;眼轴长度及角膜曲率不随年龄变化而发生改变,前房深度随年龄增长逐渐变浅,晶状体厚度随年龄增长逐渐增厚.     

角膜原位磨镶术中负压吸引对眼球结构影响的分析

目的 研究角膜原位磨镶术中负压吸引对眼球结构改变的影响.方法 对64例(105只眼)行角膜原位磨镶术的近视眼患者分别在Hansatome角膜板层刀负压吸引眼球前以及吸引过程中用A型超声测量仪进行前房深度,晶状体厚度,玻璃体腔长度以及眼球长度测量,比较负压吸引前及吸引过程中上述指标的改变,探讨其意义.结果 患者年龄最大37岁,最小18岁,平均22.4岁,等值球镜度(-4.50±1.75)D,负压吸引前超声测量前房深度,晶状体厚度,玻璃体腔长度,眼轴长度分别为(3.62±0.29)mm,(3.68±0.34)mm,(17.79±1.01)mm,(25.09±0.99)mm;负压吸引中上述指标分别为(3.76±0.26)mm,(3.52±0.26)mm,(17.95±1.01)mm,(25.23±1.01)mm.负压吸引后前房深度,玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度分别增加0.14mm,0.16mm和0.14mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);晶状体厚度减少0.15mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 LASIK手术中负压吸引可引起眼球结构改变,导致前房深度,玻璃体腔长度以及眼轴长度增加,晶状体厚度减少,手术中应尽量减少负压吸引时间,降低负压对眼球的影响.     

儿童单纯近视性屈光参差与屈光结构关系的研究

目的　探讨儿童单纯近视性屈光参差与屈光结构之间的关系。方法　测量 43例单纯近视性屈光参差儿童角膜曲率半径、前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔及眼轴长度。结果　近视眼玻璃体腔及眼轴长度均长于正视眼 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在眼球发育过程中 ,眼轴长度差异是形成单纯近视性屈光参差的主要原因     

小梁切除术对急性闭角型青光眼生物解剖结构的影响

目的探讨小梁切除术对急性闭角型青光眼解剖结构的影响。方法使用A型超声对30例（30只眼）原发性急性闭角型青光眼（AACG）术前术后的解剖结构（包括前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度）进行测量,同时计算相对晶状体位置及晶状体厚度／眼轴长度系数,各项均值进行对比分析（t检验）。结果AACG术前术后生物解剖结构相比,前房深度、玻璃体腔长度术前术后有差异显著性（P〈0．05）,晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、相对晶状体位置及晶状体厚度／眼轴长度术前术后差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论小梁切除术后前房深度、玻璃体腔长度有变化。小梁切除术后晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、相对晶状体位置及晶状体厚度／眼轴长度无变化。     

Effects of diode laser photocoagulation treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity

AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=68)and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment(n=50)were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length as follows:1 d prior to laser treatment,and 3,6,9,and 12 mo after the laser treatment.RESULTS:The mean birth weight,gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g,26.66±2.42 wk,36.26±2.73 wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g,27.28±2.10 wk,36.56±2.54 wk in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups.Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups(P<0.001 for each).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment.Measurements of the lens thickness at 9 th and 12 th months(9 th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm,P=0.017;12 th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm,P=0.002)and the axial length at 12 th month(19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm,P=0.031)after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group.CONCLUSION:Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.     

Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye--aging of the anterior segment

Ocular biometric parameters and accommodative amplitude were measured by various techniques in 100 normal emmetropic human subjects age 18-70 yr. Anterior chamber depth decreased and lens thickness increased linearly over the entire age group. Accommodative amplitude declined linearly until a stable nadir was reached at about age 50 yr. The respective slopes and intercepts of the age-dependent decline in anterior chamber depth were essentially the same for measurements made independently by optical pachmetry, A-scan ultrasonography, and slit-lamp Scheimpflug photography. The age-dependent increase in lens thickness differed in slope and intercept for measurements made by photography and ultrasonography if the generally accepted lenticular sound velocity was assumed for all subjects. However, if putative lenticular sound velocity was adjusted for age, the relationships given by the two techniques were essentially identical. Total anterior segment length (defined as the distance between the anterior corneal and posterior lens surfaces), vitreous cavity length (distance between the posterior lens and anterior retinal surfaces), and total globe length were all independent of age. This constellation of findings indicates that the human lens grows throughout adult life while the globe does not, that thickening of the lens completely accounts for shallowing of the anterior chamber with age, but that the posterior surface of the lens remains fixed in position relative to the cornea and retina.     

High myopia associated with retinopathy of prematurity is primarily lenticular.

PURPOSE: To determine which of the eye's refractive components are responsible for the high myopia in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), as compared with highly myopic eyes in full-term patients. METHODS: The study included 53 highly myopic eyes in 34 patients with a history of ROP, and 66 highly myopic eyes in 37 full-term patients. Measurements included refraction, keratometry, and A-scan values for axial length, lens thickness, lens position, anterior chamber depth, anterior segment depth, and lens power calculations. Comparisons were also made with published age-matched, full-term normal controls. RESULTS: Refractions ranged from a spherical-equivalent of -5.0 to -20.75, and from -5.0 to -22.0 diopters in ROP and full-term eyes, respectively. For ROP eyes, increasing myopia was most associated with lens thickness and lens power ( P < 0.001), with lesser contributions from corneal steepness, axial length, and a more forward position of the lens's center. For the eyes with myopia in full-term patients, increasing myopia was highly associated with axial length ( P < 0.001), with smaller contributions from increased lens thickness and lens power. ROP eyes had a lens-thickness/anterior-chamber-depth ratio almost 50% higher than FT and normative eyes. Anterior segment depth was remarkably similar in all eyes studied. CONCLUSIONS: High myopia associated with ROP appears pathophysiologically distinct from high myopia in full-term patients. The increased lens thickness seen in ROP eyes was accompanied by shallower anterior chamber depth and maintenance of the anterior segment depth, similar to the normal neonatal eye, suggesting a mechanism of altered anterior segment development in ROP leading to high myopia.     

Simultaneous measurements of refraction and A-scan biometry during accommodation in humans.

PURPOSE: Accommodation is a dioptric change in power of the crystalline lens resulting from ciliary muscle contraction that leads to an increase in lens surface curvatures and thickness and changes in the position of lens surfaces. Previous studies have used A-scan ultrasound to measure changes in the position of lens surfaces with voluntary accommodation, but have not simultaneously measured the change in refraction. The goal of this study is to simultaneously measure and correlate refractive and biometric changes in the lens during voluntary accommodation in humans. METHODS: Refraction was measured off-axis in the right eye and biometry on-axis in the left eye simultaneously during voluntary accommodation in 22 human subjects between the ages of 21 and 30 years (mean +/- standard deviation: 25.8 +/- 2.3 years). Subjects viewed a distant target and four near targets spanning the full accommodative range available to evaluate refraction and lens surface position at each accommodative state. RESULTS: Maximum objectively measured accommodative amplitude of all subjects was 5.64 +/- 0.21 D (mean +/- standard error of mean). Biometric and refractive changes during accommodation were linearly correlated. The mean +/- standard error of mean decrease in anterior chamber depth was 0.051 +/- 0.008 mm/D, increase in lens thickness was 0.067 +/- 0.008 mm/D, and increase in anterior segment length was 0.017 +/- 0.005 mm/D during accommodation. There was a net anterior movement of the lens center of 0.017 +/- 0.005 mm/D. CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and anterior segment length change linearly with refraction during accommodation. Per-diopter changes in the lens were greater in the current study compared with previous studies in which only accommodative demand was measured, which overestimates the accommodative response.     

无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期眼轴的初步研究

目的：探究无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期眼轴长度(axial length,AL),分析AL与性别、胎龄、矫正胎龄、出生体质量及其它眼部生物学参数的相关性。

方法：选取2016-03/10于西北妇女儿童医院眼科筛查的无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿400例800眼作为研究对象,对出生后4～6wk内首次检查所获得的AL等相关数据进行分析。

结果：本研究纳入早产儿400例800眼,右眼和左眼AL分别为16.11±0.58、16.13±0.53mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),故以双眼AL的平均值作为该组受检者的AL即16.12±0.55mm。本研究中,不同性别早产儿AL差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,AL与胎龄、出生体质量、矫正胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度均呈正相关(r=0.427、0.401、0.635、0.691、0.878,均P<0.01),与晶状体厚度呈负相关(r=-0.153,P<0.01)。将上述因素纳入多元线性回归分析发现,AL与胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度具有显著相关性,得出回归方程Y=4.109+0.029X₁+0.481X₂+0.978X₃(Y=AL,X₁=胎龄,X₂=前房深度,X₃=玻璃体腔长度)。

结论：无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期平均AL为16.12±0.55mm,且其与性别无关,与胎龄、出生体质量、矫正胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度均呈正相关,与晶状体厚度呈负相关。     

Ocular growth and refractive error development in premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: This investigation studied the factors involved in the development of refractive error (RE) in premature infants unaffected by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Premature infants enrolled in the national ROP screening program were recruited and examined at 32, 36, 40, 44, and 52 weeks' postmenstrual age. At each examination, axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were measured on the A-scan biometer. Corneal curvature (CC) was recorded with a video-ophthalmophakometer, and refractive state was determined with routine cycloplegic refraction. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to determine the relationships between all the variables throughout the study period, as well as individual growth rates. RESULTS: Sixty-eight premature infants were included. AXL and ACD showed linear patterns of growth, whereas LT changed little over the study period. CC showed a quadratic growth pattern, and unlike the previous variables, correlated well with refractive state. Premature infants were myopes at the start of the study, with refraction becoming emmetropic as they neared full term and then hypermetropic toward the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the components of refractive status showed linear patterns of growth during this early phase of ocular development. CC displayed a more complex pattern of growth, which correlated well with refractive state. Compared with full-term infants examined around term, this group has shorter AXLs, shallower anterior chambers, and more highly curved corneas. In addition, less of the expected hypermetropia developed in the premature group, which seems mainly due to the differences in ACD and corneal curvature.     

Comparison of anterior ocular segment biometry features and related factors among American Caucasians, American Chinese and mainland Chinese

Background: To compare the anterior segment biometric parameters amongst adult American Caucasians, American Chinese and mainland Chinese, in order to determine parameters that may contribute to increased risk for angle closure in Chinese. Design: Cross‐sectional clinic‐based study Participants: Four gender‐ and age‐matched cohorts included Caucasians, American Chinese, Southern and Northern mainland Chinese. Methods: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was utilized to image the anterior chamber. Customized software was used to calculate the anterior segment parameters. Main Outcome Measures: Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width, lens vault and corneal arc depth. Results: Data from 121, 124, 121 and 120 subjects were available for American Caucasian, American Chinese, and Southern and Northern Mainland Chinese subjects, respectively. Caucasians had significantly greater anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width and corneal arc depth than all Chinese groups even after adjustment for refractive status and axial length. In multiple regression analysis, predictors of greater lens vault were female gender, older age and more hyperopic/less myopic status for both racial groups. It was found only in Chinese that female and older subjects tended to have smaller anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width and corneal arc depth. Conclusion: The shallower anterior chamber in Chinese than Caucasians is likely attributable to the shorter corneal arc depth in the former group. Moreover, the smaller anterior chamber width contributes to more crowded anterior chambers in Chinese than in Caucasians. The more anteriorly located lens under a less vaulted cornea in Chinese females compared with Chinese males may account for the higher risk of angle closure in this subpopulation.